Hong Kong Crypto Licensing Yet to Result in Job Surge

South Korea’s cryptocurrency market experienced notable growth in the second half of 2024, as total trading volume climbed to 1.35 quadrillion won ($968.5 billion). This marks a 24% increase compared to the 1.09 quadrillion won ($782.7 billion) recorded in the first half of the year. The data was released on May 20 by the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), which operates under the Financial Supervisory Service (FSS).Photo by Daniel Bernard on UnsplashTrading volume and market cap surgeThe average daily trading volume rose by 22%, reaching 7.3 trillion won ($5.26 billion), with a significant surge observed after October. According to the financial authority’s report, this sustained momentum was driven by a broader bullish trend in the global crypto market, led by Bitcoin hitting all-time highs. Growing institutional interest following the launch of multiple spot Bitcoin ETFs in the U.S. and increasingly favorable crypto-related policies have further fueled the rise in asset prices. To evaluate the state of the domestic crypto market, the FIU conducted a survey of 25 virtual asset service providers (VASPs) during the second half of 2024. The survey covered 17 exchanges as well as eight entities providing either custodial or wallet services. By the end of 2024, South Korea’s total crypto market cap had surged to 107.7 trillion won ($77.55 billion), representing a 91% increase from 56.5 trillion won ($40.68 billion) in June. In contrast, the global crypto market grew by 60% over the same period, reaching a total of $3.59 trillion. However, the Korean market experienced a sharp decline in assets held by custodial and wallet service providers, which fell by 89% to 1.5 trillion won ($1.08 billion). This drop was largely attributed to a rise in business closures. Additionally, the number of users on these platforms plummeted by 99%, falling to just 1,300 customers who had completed Know Your Customer (KYC) verification. Performance and token preferencesDespite these setbacks, the 25 VASPs reported combined revenues of 1.22 trillion won ($878.5 million), marking a 15% increase. Operating profit also rose by 27% to 744.6 billion won ($536.2 million). However, capital adequacy weakened, with the capital-to-asset ratio falling by 12 percentage points to 36.5%. Meanwhile, Korean won deposits—cash held on platforms for trading—more than doubled, surging 114% to 10.7 trillion won ($7.7 billion). The number of employees at crypto exchanges increased by 18%, reaching 1,862, while staff dedicated to anti-money laundering (AML) efforts rose by 46% to 207 individuals. On average, fiat-to-crypto exchanges offered trading in 224 different tokens, an increase of 28 compared to the previous half-year. Among the top 10 cryptocurrencies by market cap in Korea, six—Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Ripple (XRP), Solana (SOL), Dogecoin (DOGE) and Cardano (ADA)—also appeared in the global top 10. Collectively, these accounted for 71% of Korea’s total crypto market cap. However, the remaining four differed: Korean investors favored Ethereum Classic (ETC), Shiba Inu (SHIB), Stellar (XLM) and Bitcoin Cash (BCH), whereas global investors leaned toward Tether (USDT), Binance Coin (BNB), USD Coin (USDC) and TRON (TRX). User base growth and demographic trendsThe number of KYC-verified users eligible to trade reached 9.7 million in the second half of 2024, representing a 25% increase from the previous period. Individual users accounted for the vast majority, while corporate users made up less than 0.01% of the total. By age group, users in their 30s accounted for the largest share at 29%, followed by those in their 40s (27%), 20s and younger (19%), 50s (18%) and 60s and older (7%). The majority of users—66%, or roughly 6.37 million people—held less than 500,000 won ($360) in digital assets. In contrast, 12% of users held over 10 million won ($7,180), while 2.3% had portfolios exceeding 100 million won ($71,820). 

Digital asset exchange business Bullish has filed confidentially for an initial public offering (IPO) in the United States. The Financial Times reported on June 11 that the IPO had been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in recent weeks. Choosing to file the IPO confidentially will have enabled the firm to delay public disclosure, allowing it to progress with its preparation for the IPO and reveal financials closer to the point at which it goes public. Back in February, Bloomberg reported that the company was looking at the possibility of executing an IPO, with investment banking and financial services firm Jefferies understood to have been advising the firm. This latest report confirms that Jefferies will work as the lead underwriter in relation to the IPO deal.Photo by Markus Winkler on PexelsHong Kong tiesBullish is a subsidiary company of Block.one, a blockchain software company founded by Brendan Blumer and Dan Larimer, best known for having established the EOS.IO blockchain network. Both companies have strong ties with Hong Kong.  The Bullish exchange is licensed by the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission (SFC). It has also obtained licensing from the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission (GFSC) and the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin).  The exchange business is jointly operated by corporate entities registered in Hong Kong and Gibraltar. The company maintains offices in Hong Kong, Gibraltar, Singapore, New York, London, Frankfurt and the Cayman Islands.  The business is also being backed by Hong Kong billionaire Richard Li and American entrepreneur Peter Thiel, co-founder of PayPal, Palantir Technologies and Founders Fund. Blumer, who is based in Hong Kong, founded Bullish in 2021 and currently serves as Bullish chairman. The company is understood to have in the region of 275 employees with Tom Farley leading it as CEO. Farley previously fulfilled the role of president at Intercontinental Exchange’s NYSE group. Positive climate for crypto IPOsAmid a more positive crypto climate in the United States, crypto-related IPOs appear to be back in favor. Leading stablecoin issuer Circle executed an IPO earlier this month with the offering being 25x oversubscribed. Following the success of the Circle IPO, BitMEX co-founder Arthur Hayes asserted on X that it would lead to a plethora of crypto-related IPOs over the next few years. He likened that anticipated wave of IPOs to the flurry of initial coin offerings (ICOs) that occurred back in 2017. Earlier this month American crypto exchange platform Gemini confidentially filed for an IPO in the U.S. A Bloomberg report published in March suggested that rival exchange business Kraken is planning an IPO for Q1 2026.  There has been some speculation that Ripple, the American technology company that developed and supports XRP and the XRP Ledger (XRPL), may be a prime candidate for an IPO. Taking to the X social media platform, “Pentoshi,” a pseudonymous crypto market analyst with over 860,000 followers on X, said that a Ripple IPO “feels only logical.” The analyst added that if the company executed an IPO, it would likely weigh in at “some insanely stupid valuation.” 

HKMA Issues Warning Against Crypto Firm MisrepresentationThe Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), the central bank for the Chinese autonomous territory, has taken a stand against cryptocurrency businesses that falsely present themselves as “banks” and market their products as “deposits,” issuing a public advisory to raise awareness about the issue.Photo by Marcel Eberle on UnsplashBanking ordinance violationsIn a press release published to its website on Friday, the HKMA said that instances had arisen where crypto firms had labeled themselves as “crypto banks,” “crypto asset banks,” and “digital trading banks.” The regulatory authority underscored that such misrepresentations could be in violation of the Banking Ordinance in Hong Kong.In addition to adopting misleading bank-related titles, these crypto firms have been advertising “savings plans” as “low risk” with “high return,” potentially misleading the public into believing that these entities are authorized banks in Hong Kong, where they can securely deposit their funds.The HKMA stressed that only entities such as licensed banks, restricted license banks, and deposit-taking companies, collectively referred to as “authorized institutions” and holding a license granted by the HKMA, are legally permitted to engage in banking or deposit-taking activities in Hong Kong.Furthermore, funds held on crypto exchanges are not covered by Hong Kong’s Deposit Protection Scheme. “Under the Banking Ordinance, only licensed banks, restricted license banks and deposit-taking companies, which have been granted a license by the HKMA can carry out banking or deposit-taking business in Hong Kong,” the HKMA stated.Misuse of banking termsAny entity using the term “bank” in its business name or implying that it offers banking services in Hong Kong is committing an offense, according to the central bank. The same rule applies to any entity engaging in deposit-taking activities in Hong Kong or soliciting the public to make deposits.It’s important to note that crypto firms not officially recognized as banks in Hong Kong are not subject to the oversight of the HKMA.The HKMA advised the public to exercise caution. In cases of uncertainty regarding an entity claiming to be a bank or soliciting deposits in Hong Kong, individuals are encouraged to consult the register of authorized institutions on the HKMA’s website, and if doubts persist, it suggests that they should contact the authority via its Public Enquiry Service hotline.According to section 97 of the Banking Ordinance, only a bank or a central bank can use the term “bank” or its derivatives in its business name in Hong Kong without the written consent of the HKMA.Additionally, sections 11 and 12 of the Banking Ordinance stipulate that only entities possessing a valid banking license or recognized as authorized institutions are permitted to engage in banking or deposit-taking activities in Hong Kong. As per section 92 of the Banking Ordinance, only an authorized institution is authorized to issue advertisements inviting the public to make deposits, with certain exceptions.The HKMA’s advisory serves as a stern reminder to the crypto industry that regulatory compliance and transparency are essential, particularly when using terms associated with traditional banking, to protect the interests of the public.