Binance’s Entry Followed by Increased Scrutiny on Foreign Executives in Korean Crypto Firms

SEC seeks summary judgment against Terraform LabsThe U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is making a strong push for a summary judgment in its ongoing legal battle against Singapore’s Terraform Labs and its co-founder Do Kwon. Such an outcome would spare the need for a protracted trial.According to a motion filed by the SEC on Thursday, the record shows that there is “no genuine dispute as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”Photo by Caleb Fisher on UnsplashRelying on the Howey TestThe SEC’s filing underscores its central argument that Kwon and Terraform Labs were involved in the sale of securities. The document categorically states:“There is no dispute that purchasers made an investment of money, either through fiat currency or crypto assets, for each crypto asset — LUNA, wLUNA, MIR, and UST, thereby satisfying the first prong of Howey.” The Howey Test refers back to a U.S. Supreme Court case — SEC v. Howey — which took place in 1946. The case set a precedent and has subsequently become the cornerstone of determining what is or is not a security in the United States.This argument hinges on the idea that funds were pooled in a common enterprise with the expectation of profits primarily derived from the efforts of the promoters.Citing fraud as well as unregistered securitiesThe SEC’s assertion is two-fold, contending that not only did Terraform and Kwon engage in selling securities, but they also engaged in fraudulent activities and disseminated misleading information. The SEC reiterates these claims in its filing, emphasizing that the defendants committed fraud by duping investors about the stability of UST.They allegedly falsely attributed the algorithm for price stabilization while orchestrating clandestine third-party interventions. This purported deception made their claims regarding the algorithm’s effectiveness deceptive and involved the omission of crucial information. The fallout from Terra’s collapse in May of the previous year resulted in the destruction of substantial investor wealth, totaling billions of dollars.Similar defense team filingThe SEC’s move to seek summary judgment comes in the wake of a similar filing by Kwon’s defense team last Friday. Kwon is currently serving a sentence for document forgery in Montenegro, a situation stemming from his arrest at an airport with forged passports.Notably, Terraform’s co-founder, Daniel Shin, who is currently on trial in South Korea, has attributed the collapse of Terraform Labs to Kwon’s mismanagement. Shin has claimed his separation from the company and its activities occurred two years before its eventual collapse.In this legal battle that holds significant implications for the cryptocurrency and blockchain space, the SEC continues to emphasize its position, asserting that Kwon and Terraform Labs engaged in the sale of securities through deceptive means. The outcome of this case could have far-reaching consequences, setting precedents for future regulatory actions in the industry.

Digital identity and financial network Worldcoin, the cryptocurrency project co-founded by OpenAI CEO Sam Altman, has revealed its expansion into Singapore.Photo by Meriç Dağlı on UnsplashFive Orb-scanning locationsFollowing the successful launch of World ID 2.0 and the open-sourcing of the Worldcoin iris recognition pipeline in mid-December, the project now offers World ID verifications in Singapore through the Orb, its custom hardware device. The product launch in the Southeast Asian city-state comes hot on the heels of Worldcoin pausing its activities in India. According to a blog post published by the project on Wednesday, Singaporeans can now avail themselves of World ID verifications at five locations through the Orb, the iris-scanning device that forms a crucial part of the project's identity verification process. Adding to its presence in Singapore, Tools for Humanity (TFH), a Berlin-headquartered project contributor and the lead developer behind Worldcoin, has become a member of two prestigious startup and tech associations in Singapore: ACCESS and the Singapore Fintech Association (SFA). Through these associations the project’s developers are seeking to further embed Worldcoin within the region's technology ecosystem. Expanding global footprintExpanding its global footprint, World ID verifications are not limited to Singapore alone. The project has also extended its services to Seville and Bilbao in Spain. Moreover, in South America, World ID verifications in Chile have expanded to Concepcion, Curico and Viña del Mar, joining Santiago. Meanwhile, Argentina achieved a notable milestone, setting a national record with over 10,000 verifications in a single day. In Japan, Fukuoka on Kyushu Island now joins new locations in Tokyo for proof of personhood verification via World ID. Earlier in December, Worldcoin introduced World ID 2.0, an upgrade that builds upon its existing "proof of personhood" protocol. This upgrade introduces "Apps, Levels, and a series of core improvements" to the protocol launched earlier in the year. The accompanying apps enable World ID integration with various services, including Reddit, Discord and Shopify. Market challengesIt's worth noting that despite these positive steps being taken to expand the Worldcoin global footprint, the company has faced challenges in certain markets also. It emerged in recent days that it has temporarily halted its services in India, France and Brazil. Despite the temporary pause, World App continues to gain popularity in India, where thousands download the app each week. The Worldcoin Foundation explained that Orb-verified proof of personhood services has been scaled back temporarily as they work on developing a safe and orderly process to meet the increasing demand for World ID in India. Sources close to Worldcoin suggest a relaunch in India is anticipated in 2024. Despite its expansion, Worldcoin has faced criticism since its launch. Reports from August indicated that German regulators had been scrutinizing the project since 2022, while French officials raised concerns about the legality of collecting biometric data. The authorities in Kenya suspended the activities of Worldcoin within the country a few months ago, pending a review by public agencies in respect of security and data protection. Earlier this month, Tiago Sada, head of product for Tools for Humanity, tried to allay privacy concerns on the basis of the product’s anonymity. Sada stated:“You can use it completely anonymously; the only thing you’re doing is proving you’re unique.”

China and Singapore collaborate on cross-border digital yuan transactionsTaking yet another stride toward globalizing the e-CNY currency, China’s central bank has unveiled a pilot program in collaboration with its Singaporean counterpart, enabling tourists from both countries to use the digital yuan for transactions when traveling.Photo by Eric Prouzet on UnsplashSeries of initiativesThis move is part of a series of initiatives unveiled by the two governments during a Joint Council for Bilateral Cooperation event which was held in Tianjin, China, last week. Among the announced measures is a mutual 30-day visa-free travel arrangement, one of 24 deals signed to strengthen bilateral ties between China and Singapore.The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) disclosed in a statement that it had collaborated with the Digital Currency Institute of the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) for this initiative. The program aims to facilitate the use of the digital version of the Chinese currency for tourist spending, enhancing convenience for travelers during their overseas trips. While specific details about the scheme were not disclosed, it represents a collaborative effort to promote cross-border transactions using the digital yuan.Internationalizing the digital yuanIn its reporting on the announcement, the South China Morning Post (SCMP) pointed to the views of Richard Turrin, an independent financial technology consultant and author of “Cashless: China’s Digital Currency Revolution.” Turrin sees the digital yuan collaboration as a promising opportunity for cross-border retail use. He suggests that starting with small transactions, such as those by tourists, could pave the way for broader applications in trade and other high-value scenarios.In an editorial back in November, the SCMP referred to the birth of the Petro-Yuan, speculating that the era of the Petro-Dollar is coming to an end. “In a global political economy long dominated by the petrodollar, this could be the beginning of a seismic shift,” the editorial stated. The internationalization of the e-CNY will likely be a key aspect of that overall monetary sea change.Over 5 years in developmentChina initiated digital yuan testing in 2019, and although an official launch timetable has not been confirmed, adoption has accelerated recently. Former PBOC governor Yi Gang reported that total e-CNY transactions reached 950 million yuan ($133 million) in June, with a cumulative value of 1.8 trillion yuan compared to 100 billion yuan in August 2022. This indicates a substantial increase in digital yuan transactions.The momentum extends beyond mainland China, with Beijing exploring CBDC usage internationally. The mBridge trial, completed last year, involved multiple countries using central bank digital currencies to settle trades, including Hong Kong, Thailand and the United Arab Emirates.In June, authorities in China’s resort city of Sanya introduced e-CNY ATMs so that foreign visitors could buy the digital yuan and use it during their time in China. Another initiative aims to encourage further use of the digital currency within the Chinese autonomous territory of Hong Kong. In July, the Hong Kong arm of the Bank of China rolled out a digital yuan shopping festival in Hong Kong, allowing visitors to Hong Kong from mainland China to make purchases using the digital yuan.