Korean Lawmakers Make Progress on Virtual Asset User Protection Bill

South Korea’s FIU Faces Staffing Cuts Amid Crypto ChallengesThe Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), a department operating under the South Korean Financial Services Commission (FSC), is downsizing its Virtual Asset Inspection Division, reducing its members from nine to seven, as reported by the local news outlet Etoday. The FIU has faced chronic understaffing for several years, and with the cryptocurrency market expanding and issues accumulating, there is growing concern within the industry about the possibility of a regulatory and supervisory gap.Photo by JEONGUK — on UnsplashTemporary division’s tenure extensionMeanwhile, the FIU seeks to extend the tenure of the temporary virtual asset inspection division, currently scheduled to operate from September 16, 2023, until June 30, 2024. Presently, this division comprises one rank 4 officer, four rank 5 officers, three rank 6 officers, and one rank 7 officer. However, the upcoming organizational changes will involve the removal of one rank 5 officer and one rank 6 officer. Moreover, the two temporary employees (one rank 5 and one rank 6), assigned specifically to examine and analyze financial transactions related to virtual assets, will be reduced to a single rank 5 officer.Understaffing and budget issuesAfter several years of grappling with staffing shortages, it appears that a decision has been made to actually reduce the overall number of FIU personnel. Last year, when the NPC of the National Assembly reviewed the budget of the FSC, it pointed out the shortage of FIU personnel. According to the NPC’s report on the FSC, as of 2022, the FIU’s capacity was 83 staff members. However, the current number stands at only 68, which includes 34 individuals who have been seconded from other agencies. Additionally, there are an additional 13 personnel whose positions are not represented in the organizational chart.The FIU’s spending on labor costs has consistently been lower than that of the FSC’s headquarters each year. Between 2017 and July 2022, the FIU used, on average, 83.71% of its allocated budget for labor costs. In contrast, the FSC had a higher average utilization rate at 89.2%. The NPC pointed out that this discrepancy is largely due to staffing imbalances between the two organizations, suggesting that a reevaluation of staffing levels may be necessary.The FIU has long been considered a less popular unit within the FSC. In recent years, the situation has become particularly challenging for the Virtual Asset Inspection Division, which has been swamped with various problems. This has led to a general reluctance among FSC staff to join this particular division.A person familiar with the matter told Etoday that departments within the FSC focusing on financial policy areas like insurance, banking, and capital markets have traditionally been the go-to choices for those aiming for promotions. However, the source added that there’s been a recent shift: more officers are now showing interest in joining the FIU, often with an eye toward transitioning into related industries after retirement.MOIS hesitant on permanent staffingMeanwhile, the Ministry of the Interior and Safety (MOIS) has been reluctant to make the FSC’s Financial Innovation Bureau and the FIU’s Virtual Asset Inspection Division permanent fixtures. While the FSC argues that solidifying these divisions would necessitate a larger staff and budget, the MOIS is holding back. According to another source, the staffing issue isn’t exclusive to the FIU; the FSC as a whole is understaffed. Despite the FSC’s desire to expand its workforce, the MOIS remains unwilling to approve the additional resources.Crypto professionals are worried that financial regulators are cutting back on staff even as challenges within the sector continue to mount. An official from a virtual asset exchange voiced frustration, pointing to the contrasting approach in neighboring Japan. The official noted that Japan is actively pushing to advance its Web3 sector by not only establishing a dedicated virtual asset department within its Financial Services Agency, but also by forming specialized task forces to address specific challenges. The official finds it baffling that Korea, on the other hand, is downsizing departments that tackle these important issues.

Hyperithm, a digital asset management firm based in Tokyo and Seoul, has invested in JPYC Inc., the issuer of JPY Coin (JPYC), the first stablecoin pegged 1:1 to the Japanese yen. First launched in January 2021, JPYC is a legal Prepaid Payment Instrument in Japan that is issued on various blockchains, including Ethereum and Polygon. The total figure for the investment was not disclosed by either party.Photo by Precondo CA on UnsplashInsights from industry leaders"We believe that stablecoins linked to fiat currencies are essential to expanding the cryptocurrency ecosystem. Japan became one of the first countries to officially issue stablecoins after the revision of the Payment Services Act in June," said Lloyd Lee, CEO of Hyperithm. "We expect that the widespread adoption of JPYC will increase the inflow of Japanese capital into the cryptocurrency ecosystem." Noritaka Okabe, CEO of JPYC Inc., explained that the firm aims to create more connections between crypto and everyday life, forging an environment where everyone can participate in innovation and capital liquidity. JPYC Inc.'s strategic evolutionAlthough it is currently issued as a third-party Prepaid Payment Instrument, JPYC Inc. plans to acquire a license to conduct transactions including money transfers and electronic payments in accordance with the revision of the Payment Services Act, which took effect in June 2023. This will serve to strengthen the stablecoin’s trust structure and remove limits on remittances. After acquiring the license, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, a bank holding and financial services company based in Tokyo, will be responsible for JPYC's fiat currency reserves. Pioneering crypto financeFounded in January 2018, Hyperithm provides crypto corporate finance services to institutional and upper-class investors. It is one of South Korea’s 29 companies that are licensed by the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) to operate as a Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP). Notably, it raised $11 million in a series B funding round in 2021, which was led by former clients Hashed and Wemade Tree. The company’s CEO, Lee, was also listed on Forbes’ 30 Under 30 Asia under the Finance and Venture Capital category. 

Zetrix, a layer-1 blockchain project for real-world applications, has launched an electronic Know Your Customer (KYC) verification product for Chinese nationals. The Malaysian enterprise, which is a subsidiary of digital services company My E.G. Services Berhad (MYEG), has launched ZCert. The offering is available to Chinese nationals who opt to have their digital identities published to the Xinghuo BF network, a Chinese national blockchain infrastructure network developed under the guidance of China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and managed by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology.Photo by Diego Jimenez on UnsplashFirst-of-its-kind applicationZetrix acts as an international super-node relative to the Xinghuo blockchain. In a press release published by PR Newswire on Oct. 3, the company outlined that ZCert had been launched as a first-of-its-kind application, enabling Chinese nationals “to be authenticated and verified digitally overseas, paving the way for a seamless, efficient, and secure verification process for verifiers and identity holders. ” The service simplifies the issue of identity verification for verifiers located outside of China, as a consequence of Zetrix’s integration with the Xinghuo BIF network.  Connecting to ‘China Web3’Xinghuo signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Zetrix’s parent company, MYEG, to establish the international super-node back in November 2022. The tie-up was seen as an opportunity to provide access to Chinese government agencies and businesses internationally.  At the time, MYEG Managing Director and Zetrix Co-Founder Wong Thean Soon said that “with the commencement of the Xinghuo International Supernode, the rest of the world can connect and be part of the China Web 3 evolution that will promote the establishment of international communities and facilitate global trade and finance.”  On this occasion, Wong said that the new product “enables a new wave of services powered by smart contracts.” He added that KYC processes can be simplified and automated, while “user data is retained by users at all times and only critical information is shared in an encrypted manner." The company has already digitized Chinese driving licenses for the purpose of overseas verification. Furthermore, it has plans to expand its offering beyond ID verification soon. In April of this year, Zetrix and MYEG signed an MOU with MaiCapital, a Hong Kong-based virtual assets manager, with a view towards collaborating on the launch of a digital asset fund or digital asset-based exchange-traded fund (ETF). Last year Zetrix engaged in a pilot project with the Bank of China with the aim of offering supply chain financing products. On a similar theme, its parent company entered into a partnership with the Philippines Bureau of Customs (BOC) and Cargo Data Exchange Center Inc. (CDEC), also in 2023. The collaboration involved the use of Zetrix’s ZTrade product, a Web3 platform that enables digitized trade document verification. Zetrix launched its ZETRIX token in October 2023 through an initial exchange offering (IEO) facilitated by the Coinstore exchange.