Former PBOC Governor: CBDC Development Must Focus on Security

The Thai government is planning to enable tourists to spend crypto via credit card, according to information revealed by Thailand’s finance minister on May 26.Photo by rc.xyz NFT gallery on UnsplashPichai Chunhavajira, the Southeast Asian nation’s finance minister and deputy prime minister, delivered a keynote speech at an investment seminar in Bangkok in which he outlined that while some countries enable people to purchase goods directly with cryptocurrency, another option is to allow consumers to link their digital assets with other services such as credit cards.  In that way, the consumer can spend crypto through credit card services. English language news outlet The Nation reported that Chunhavajira confirmed that the government is preparing to launch a pilot project that would allow tourists to spend crypto in this manner within Thailand. Seamless conversion from crypto to fiatWith this system, merchants would still receive payment in Thai baht. From the point of view of the user, crypto could be spent but any exchange between crypto and fiat currency would happen seamlessly and automatically via the credit card service provider’s platform.Discussions between officials from the Bank of Thailand and the Ministry of Finance are ongoing with regard to the proposed scheme. It’s understood that similar existing models which have been introduced overseas are being examined. It’s likely that the pilot program is the same as the project that was announced by Chunhavajira in January when he alluded to a program enabled for foreign tourists visiting the Thai tourist resort of Phuket. At that time, it was envisaged that the scheme would adhere to existing legal frameworks and implicate identity verification through a third party service provider, with conversion from crypto to Thai baht to be enabled such that there would be no material difference experienced by merchants. Targeting touristsThis is not the first occasion in which tourists have been targeted by crypto-related initiatives. Earlier this month, it was announced that Binance Pay, a crypto payment service offered by global crypto exchange Binance, had partnered with the government of the Buddhist kingdom of Bhutan to launch the world’s first national-level crypto tourism payment system. In July 2024, the governor of Jeju Province in South Korea advocated for the use of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and crypto as part of Jeju Island’s tourism strategy. Last December the province announced a digital transformation roadmap that sets out a cashless future. Plans include the introduction of a system for converting digital assets and facilitating payment methods from neighboring countries like China and Japan. However, not all governments have been keen to facilitate tourists in spending crypto. In May 2023, the governor of the province of Bali in Indonesia cautioned foreign visitors to the region against the use of cryptocurrencies as a means of payment for goods and services. Governor Wayan Koster warned that visitors using cryptocurrency for payments could face severe consequences, including criminal penalties and deportation.

Taiwanese prosecutors have expanded their inquiry into ACE Exchange, urging the detention of Chenhuan Wang, the platform's president and partner at Chien Yeh Law Offices. The Taipei District Prosecutors Office disclosed to The Block that Wang, alongside four other suspects, was summoned after police raids in Northern Taiwan earlier this month. Subsequent to the interrogation, prosecutors sought Wang's detention and restrictions on visitation rights, alleging his involvement in money laundering and fraud linked to the activities orchestrated by the detained founder, David Pan. Chien Yeh Law Offices has moved to distance itself from its partner’s activities, stating that the matter is a personal investment of Wang’s. It stated:”Ace Digital Innovation Co., Ltd. is the personal external investment affairs of lawyer Wang Chenhuan and has nothing to do with the firm.”Photo by Thomas Tucker on UnsplashMisleading advertisingPan, along with colleague Lin Nan, is accused of a three-year collaboration, utilizing misleading social media advertisements to deceive investors into acquiring worthless cryptocurrencies, including MOCT. The inclusion of Wang in the investigation now requires a court determination on potential detention. ACE Exchange responded to Pan's arrest earlier, asserting that Pan had ceased daily operations in 2022, with Wang assuming the presidency in September 2023. Wang claimed to have initiated efforts to delist controversial coins, with ACE assuring cooperation with investigations as a witness. The exchange affirmed the normalcy of trading and operational conditions, emphasizing the security of user assets and smooth cryptocurrency and New Taiwan dollar deposit and withdrawal services. Established in 2018, ACE Exchange ranks among Taiwan's prominent crypto exchanges, alongside BitoGroup and MaiCoin. In spite of alleged wrongdoing relative to key actors within the business, the platform has outlined its commitment to legal principles, stating zero tolerance for any misconduct within its management team. Regulatory focus on offshore exchangesIn the broader context of Taiwan's crypto landscape, the Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC) plans to impose restrictions on offshore cryptocurrency exchanges operating within its jurisdiction, unless they secure required registration. In September last year, the FSC drafted guiding principles for virtual asset service providers (VASPs). These guidelines aim to fortify information disclosure, set review standards for virtual asset listing and delisting and ensure the secure separation of companies' and customers' assets. The FSC intends to strictly prohibit illegal business solicitation by foreign crypto firms, mandating registration and compliance declarations with anti-money laundering regulations. Failure to comply will result in the prohibition of business solicitation within Taiwan or from domestic residents by foreign VASPs. As Taiwanese prosecutors intensify their efforts, the ACE Exchange case unfolds as a critical episode in the evolving regulatory landscape, prompting both legal scrutiny and a reevaluation of the country's approach to crypto oversight.  

China to Pay State Employees in Digital YuanChina is making its biggest push yet to facilitate greater use of its central bank digital currency (CBDC), the digital yuan (e-CNY).©Pexels/RODNAE ProductionsThe eastern city of Changshu is gearing up to commence paying state employees in the city in e-CNY. According to an announcement made by the city’s finance bureau on Sunday, the civil servants will start to receive e-CNY as payment in May. The measure will also impact journalists working for state media, medical staff, technicians and schoolteachers.Advancing a cashless societyThrough a proliferation in the use of digital money such as that offered via WeChat Pay and AliPay, China is already well on its way towards being a cashless society. However, this latest move with the e-CNY is another major step in that direction.In a separate announcement on Sunday, the administrators of the city of Xuzhou, which like Changshu is also located within Jiangsu province, said that Xuzhou is in the process of publishing a pilot scheme which will set out a means for promoting China’s e-CNY digital currency. Meanwhile another Jiangsu province city, Suzhou, was one of the first locations in China to run a digital yuan pilot scheme in April 2020.Previously local government authorities in cities like Shenzhen and Beijing have experimented with using the currency, offering free digital yuan to citizens to spend, in an effort to popularize the digital currency.Changshu had already been using the currency for the best part of a year to make overtime payments to 4,900 state enterprise employees. Additionally, the city administrators had introduced it to pay subsidies, including payments to tech companies, payments related to housing and transport for local government workers. While there’s every likelihood that this latest measure could be applied on a province-wide basis, there has as yet been no direct confirmation of such an eventuality.Privacy concernsThe Chinese government maintains that further introduction of the e-CNY will lead to an improvement for citizens in terms of privacy. Beijing maintains that the large tech platforms like WeChat Pay and AliPay will have no access to the transaction data of individuals and companies. However, that data will find itself directly in the hands of the Chinese government. Given the totalitarian nature of governance in China, it’s hard to imagine how that could be a positive outcome for Chinese society.International currencyOriginally known as DCEP, work on the digital currency began in China in 2014. The Chinese are among a growing list of countries that are understood to be unhappy with the need to use US dollars for international trade given that the dollar is the global reserve currency.That discontent has grown further as a direct response to greater use of sanctions by the United States, and particularly the seizure of Russian sovereign funds held in dollars. Furthermore, the weaponization of the SWIFT payments system exemplified through the exclusion of countries like Russia and Iran is also believed to have been a catalyst for greater development of the e-CNY.