Libeara gears up to offer tokenized Singapore dollar government bonds

Crypto Exchange Loss Deters Temasek from Investing in Crypto FirmsSingapore’s state-owned investor Temasek has ruled out investing in crypto companies for now, following a $275 million loss in the bankrupt US crypto exchange FTX.Photo by Plato Terentev on PexelsRegulatory uncertainty concernsTemasek’s Chief Investment Officer Rohit Sipahimalani said in a CNBC interview on Tuesday that the regulatory uncertainty in the crypto sector made it very difficult for the fund to make another investment in an exchange.“There’s a lot of regulatory uncertainty in this environment. And I do think that it will be very difficult for us to make another investment and exchange in the middle of all this regulatory uncertainty,” Sipahimalani said.He added that Temasek was not interested in investing in cryptocurrencies, but rather in exchanges that could generate fee-based revenue without taking balance sheet or trading risks. In May, it was reported that Temasek had invested in algorithmic currency system, Array. However, the global investment company was quick to deny those reports.“We’ve never been looking to invest in cryptocurrencies. Even the investment in FTX, we’ll be talking about investing in an exchange, which allowed us to get fee-based revenue without thinking [of] balance sheet risk or any trading risks,” he said. However, he said that Temasek would not be comfortable investing in exchanges given the way things are right now, and that it would depend on the right regulatory framework and investment opportunity.“If you have the right regulatory framework, and we are comfortable with it, and you have the right investment opportunity, there’s no reason for us to not to look at it,” he said. Temasek’s FTX investment was part of its early-stage investment strategy, where it invests in new disruptive technologies and tries to find the next winners, Sipahimalani said.But the strategy backfired when FTX filed for bankruptcy in November, with more than 1.4 million creditors and billions of dollars in liabilities, according to bankruptcy filings.Reputational damageTemasek wrote down its $275 million investment in FTX to zero soon after the collapse of the exchange. However, the bigger concern for the company is the posting of its worst returns since 2016 amid macroeconomic and geopolitical challenges. In the financial year ending in March 2023, the investing behemoth posted a $7.3 billion loss.The FTX loss sparked criticism from Singapore’s Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Lawrence Wong, who called it “disappointing” and damaging for Singapore’s reputation. And that is the greater issue for Temasek relative to FTX.The amount of that particular loss is not that significant, given the size of the company and the scale of losses incurred elsewhere. The issue has been the reputational damage that the company has experienced as a direct consequence. Temasek maintains that it carried out competent due diligence, as have all of the venture capital investors who have all had their FTX investments wiped out.Further details on that due diligence are likely to emerge as Temasek, alongside many other leading investors in FTX, is being sued by creditors on the basis that they gave credence to what transpired to be a fraud. Temasek announced in May that it would cut the salaries of the staff responsible for the FTX investment, after conducting an internal review of the deal.

South Korean crypto exchanges list USDTBithumb and Coinone, two of South Korea’s largest cryptocurrency exchanges, have recently listed Tether (USDT) — the USD-pegged stablecoin issued by Tether Limited — according to an article by local news outlet Kyunghyang Games on Thursday (local time). Both exchanges support Tether trading on the TRON network.Photo by DrawKit Illustrations on UnsplashTether gains momentum in South KoreaBithumb listed the currency today at KRW 1,316 in response to high investor demand. Meanwhile, Coinone, which listed Tether on Nov. 30 to become the first fiat-to-crypto exchange in the country to facilitate USDT/KRW trading, cited reasons such as Tether’s reliability and transparency, demonstrated by regular updates on its audits and reserves. The listing price was KRW 1,289.Industry sources anticipate that USDT/KRW trading in South Korea will eventually lead to reduced transaction fees and a simplified transaction process for domestic traders. Previously, in order to access most overseas markets where USDT is used as the default currency, users have had to sell their assets overseas first and then repurchase USDT to participate in trading.Simplified transactions are also expected to contribute to balancing pricing across different markets and reducing the Kimchi premium — a term used to describe the difference between trading prices of cryptocurrencies in Korea and in other foreign exchanges.Promotional eventsTo mark the occasion, Bithumb is offering a promotional event where 0.02% of the price of maker orders placed by Dec. 11 will be distributed to users in Bitcoin on Dec. 14. Maker orders are those that are placed at an asking price that differs from the current price, which means it is added to the order book instead of being matched or executed immediately. These orders add liquidity to an order book.Bithumb users can also make USDT withdrawals free of extra fees until Dec. 11. Coinone, on the other hand, requires a withdrawal fee of 1 USDT.According to CoinMarketCap, Tether has the third-largest market capitalization at approximately $90.1 billion as of this writing. The token’s trading volume in the last 24 hours was $49.3 billion.

Singapore’s UniPass Plays Role in ERC-4337 Vulnerability FixSmart contract wallet provider UniPass and crypto infrastructure firm Fireblocks have successfully addressed a significant vulnerability in the Ethereum ecosystem.Photo by Nenad Novaković on UnsplashAccount abstraction vulnerabilityThis vulnerability, identified as the ERC-4337 account abstraction vulnerability, posed a critical security risk to hundreds of mainnet wallets. The joint effort between Fireblocks and UniPass was detailed in a blog post published to the Fireblocks website on Thursday.This vulnerability, if exploited, could have enabled a malicious actor to execute a complete takeover of the UniPass Wallet by manipulating Ethereum’s account abstraction process. The vulnerability represented a substantial threat to the security of smart contract wallets, as it could lead to unauthorized access and fund drainage.Improving user experienceAccount abstraction, as dealt with via ERC-4337, is a mechanism that introduces a novel way of processing transactions and interacting with smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. It allows for a more flexible and efficient handling of transactions, transcending the traditional distinction between externally owned accounts (EOAs) and contract accounts.EOAs are controlled by private keys and can initiate transactions, while contract accounts are governed by the code of a smart contract. When an EOA initiates a transaction with a contract account, it triggers the execution of the contract’s code. Account abstraction introduces the notion of abstracted accounts, which are not tied to a specific private key and can initiate transactions and interact with smart contracts, similar to EOAs.In the context of ERC-4337, an account executing an action relies on the EntryPoint contract to ensure that only signed transactions are executed. Typically, these accounts trust a single audited EntryPoint contract to validate user operations before executing commands. However, the vulnerability resided in the fact that a malicious or buggy EntryPoint contract could potentially skip the validation step and directly call the execution function, bypassing essential security measures.This vulnerability, identified by the two firms, had allowed attackers to seize control of UniPass wallets by replacing the trusted EntryPoint of the wallet. Once this takeover was completed, the attacker could access the wallet and drain its funds.It’s worth noting that the vulnerability posed a threat to several hundred users who had activated the ERC-4337 module in their wallets, making them susceptible to exploitation by any actor on the blockchain. Fortunately, the wallets affected by this vulnerability contained only small amounts of funds, and swift mitigation efforts were successful in preventing further harm.Company mergerEarlier this year, Singapore’s UniPass merged with Chinese wallet provider Keystone to form Account Labs, a company which has been incorporated in Singapore. At the time, Keystone founder Liu Lixin outlined that further developing account abstraction-derived products was the objective of the creation of Account Labs. He stated:“We are on the cusp of a Web3 Account Abstraction revolution. Together, we’ll drive rapid transformation, making the transition from Web2 to Web3 effortless for users. Our goal is to ensure everyone can securely and smoothly manage a decentralized account. We welcome partners to join us in advancing the Web3 account domain.”In furthering that objective, Account Labs announced on Thursday that it had raised $7.7 million in a funding round led by Amber Group, MixMarvel DAO Ventures, and Qiming Ventures.