Japanese Banking Giant Joins Tech Firms to Build Cross-Chain Stablecoin Infrastructure

StashAway Malaysia, a Malaysian Securities Commission (SC)-licensed digital investment platform, has extended its market offering to include crypto exchange-traded funds (ETFs) within the Southeast Asian nation. Malaysian daily English language newspaper the Sun reported on Jan. 22 that StashAway will enable Malaysians to invest in two top-tier cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH), through its regulated platform.Photo by Traxer on UnsplashFidelity productsThe company is providing its Malaysian clientele access to crypto investment products offered by American multinational financial services company Fidelity Investments. These include the Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Fund (FBTC) and the Fidelity Ethereum Fund (FETH). StashAway Malaysia Country Manager Wong Wai Ken explained the company’s rationale in adding the two products. He stated: “Many of our clients have expressed interest in the long-term potential of major cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin but have been hesitant because of security concerns or the complexities of navigating crypto exchanges. We’re now offering them a familiar and safe way to diversify their portfolios by incorporating crypto through a platform they already know and trust.” On a previous occasion, Wong told the Sun that its role is to help investors to diversify their portfolios. Adding access to cryptocurrency fits that objective. The StashAway executive believes that while there may be growing mainstream adoption of cryptocurrency, many investors are turned off gaining exposure due to the risks involved with self-custody or the fees and counterparty risk involved with cryptocurrency exchanges. StashAway charges management fees ranging from 0.2% to 0.8%. The Fidelity crypto ETF products will be offered with a 0.25% annual management fee.  Last June, Malaysian commercial bank Affin Bank became the first entity to offer a crypto ETF in Malaysia. The bank partnered with local fund management company Cross Light Capital to launch the actively managed digital asset fund. Titled the “Performa Digital Asset Fund,” the product incorporates investment in Bitcoin and Ether exchange-traded products (ETPs), with the remaining third invested in blockchain-related equities. The approval of eleven Bitcoin ETFs in the United States led to greater consideration for the approval and addition of such products internationally. However, in the first few months following the launch of these products, regulators, exchange platforms and asset management firms still remained cautious.  In March of last year, Bursa Malaysia, Malaysia’s stock exchange, dismissed the notion of adding cryptocurrency to its multi-asset exchange. Within the region, regulators in Singapore and Thailand both dismissed the idea of enabling Bitcoin ETFs within their markets.  Since then, Thailand’s regulator has moved closer in its consideration of such a product offering. In the case of Malaysia, earlier this month, the country’s Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim, called for stakeholders such as the central bank to focus on cryptocurrency so that the Southeast Asian nation doesn’t get left behind. StashAway is headquartered in Singapore. Besides Singapore and Malaysia, the company also serves investors in Thailand, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Hong Kong. The digital platform has 50,000 users in Malaysia, where it serves retail and accredited investors. The company was the first robo-advisor platform to acquire a Capital Markets Services License from the SC in Malaysia.

The European Union (EU) introduced its Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) regulation in June of last year, refining the EU bloc’s stance relative to digital assets. However, one crypto sector entrepreneur believes that the regulatory framework may force crypto startups to relocate to the Middle East. In an interview with Cointelegraph, Anastasija Plotnikova, co-founder and CEO of Fideum, a blockchain infrastructure company geared towards institutions, outlined that the application of this regulatory framework by EU member states may have some unintended consequences.Photo by Christian Lue on UnsplashCentralization concernsWhile Plotnikova welcomes the legitimization of crypto through regulation as a net positive for the sector, she warns that this particular regulatory framework could lead to consolidation among crypto firms. That would mean a reduction in the overall number of Web3 enterprises in Europe and as a consequence, increased risk of centralization in an industry that is supposed to be all about decentralization. Whilst the regulatory framework was introduced last year, it's not due to go into full effect until Dec. 30, 2024. Plotnikova believes that the framework doesn’t give crypto startups the wriggle room to scale whereas in the case of larger entities with much more assets under management, they will find it much easier to scale. French multinational financial services company Societe Generale, an entity with around $160 billion worth of assets under management and 126,000 employees, stands out as an example. It recently announced that SG Forge, a subsidiary company, would partner with Austrian crypto exchange Bitpanda to issue and list its EUR ConVertible (EURCV) euro-denominated stablecoin. Another European TradFi behemoth, Landesbank, Germany’s largest federal bank, announced earlier this year that it will launch crypto custody services. Global competitionSpeaking to the publication on the margins of the European Blockchain Convention in Barcelona earlier this week, Plotnikova stated: “I'm afraid it will lead to consolidation between European and American companies, and they will just move somewhere to the Middle East. The European Union had has done amazing things in harmonising legislation, but enforcement comes down to local and national authorities and they vary greatly.” There’s no doubt that various world centers and regions have been competing to varying extents to become innovative hubs relative to the development of blockchain-based enterprises. Plotnikova alluded to Europe losing out to the Middle East in this instance and principal among those nations in the region vying for a share of the business has been the United Arab Emirates (UAE).  The UAE itself, together with individual emirates such as Abu Dhabi and Dubai, has been putting in place a regulatory framework relative to crypto that has been broadly praised by the crypto sector. As recently as earlier last week, the Dubai regulator continues to fine tune its regulatory framework, tightening up requirements related to the marketing of crypto products and services. A recent report by Chainalysis found that the Middle East region accounted for 7.5% of global crypto trading volume, with the UAE and Saudi Arabia having been found to demonstrate a strong interest in decentralized platforms. 

Financial regulators in Hong Kong are moving towards the presentation of stablecoin legislation following the completion of a consultation process. In February of this year, that consultation process, which received 108 submissions from professional bodies and industry stakeholders, was completed. It was run jointly by The Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau (FSTB) and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), culminating in the publication of the results of the process.Photo by Pat Whelen on UnsplashLegislative proposal publishedOff the back of that prior body of work, the regulators have now published a legislative proposal, incorporating responses to issues that were brought to light via the consultation process. The regulators concluded that going forward, stablecoin regulation should be considered primarily in terms of those stablecoin assets which operate on a ledger which runs on a decentralized basis. Additionally, no individual or unilateral entity should have the ability to tamper with or control those assets or the network upon which they exist. On this basis, the regulators intend to submit a bill relative to fiat-referenced stablecoins for consideration to the Legislative Council at a later stage in 2024. Before submitting any legislative proposal, the regulators plan to once again consult with stakeholders prior to finalizing any such proposal. As part of what they have set out thus far, regulators are looking to include a requirement for any stablecoin issuer to obtain a license in Hong Kong.  Reserve asset requirementsThey remain open to the idea that reserve assets backing an issued stablecoin could be held in an overseas jurisdiction. However, if the issuer is an overseas entity, it will be required to establish a local corporate entity in Hong Kong, with relevant management personal based within the Chinese autonomous territory. In light of feedback received during the consultation process, the regulator is looking at reducing the attestation frequency that each stablecoin issuer will be required to provide via an independent auditor in order to verify that the stablecoins issued are backed by the requisite amount of liquid assets.  Such reserve assets must be segregated from the working capital of the stablecoin issuer’s business, with the HKMA expressing a preference for a trust-like structure following input via the consultation process. Furthermore, reserve assets must be deemed to be both high quality and highly liquid, which would include cash, bank deposits and government issued securities where counterparty risk is minimized. On the basis that the Hong Kong dollar is pegged to the U.S. dollar, the regulator is content to allow issuers to use USD-denominated reserve assets if they prefer to do so. The legislative proposal also stipulates the need for issuers to have a minimum share capital of HK$25 million or 1% of the value of stablecoin in circulation.  The HKMA foresees crypto exchanges, securities firms and regulated banks having the ability to offer stablecoins to customers, so such offerings won’t be confined to dedicated stablecoin issuers.Back in March the HKMA introduced a stablecoin sandbox with a view towards learning what works best from a regulatory standpoint. It’s understood that a list of participants will be announced in the near future. Participating entities will be able to issue stablecoins in Hong Kong within that controlled sandbox environment, prior to full scale implementation once stablecoin regulation has been fully legislated for.