Indonesia mulls crypto tax policy review

Cross Trading of LUNA Tokens Uncovered on Three Korean Crypto ExchangesAccording to a report by the Maeil Business Newspaper on Wednesday, it was discovered that cross trading of LUNA tokens took place on three South Korean cryptocurrency exchanges: Bithumb, Coinone, and GoPax.Three crypto exchangesAn indictment by the Seoul Southern District Prosecutors’ Office against Terraform Labs co-founders Do Kwon and Daniel Shin, along with interviews conducted within the cryptocurrency industry, revealed that Bithumb, Coinone, and GoPax were involved in cross trading LUNA tokens with a combined value of $598 million. Specifically, Bithumb accounted for $224 million, Coinone for $299 billion, and GoPax for $74 billion.The prosecution has confirmed that cross trading continued until the end of February 2022, a period marked by significant demands for virtual asset legislation from both the market and academia. Despite widespread calls for regulations to curb unfair trading practices, these instances of cross trading went undetected.Classification of LUNAMoreover, it is reported that legal punishment for the $598 million worth of cross trading is challenging unless LUNA tokens are officially recognized as securities by the court. Under the Korean Capital Markets Act, only cross trading involving tokens identified as securities can be subject to penalties as a form of market manipulation.During a plenary session of the National Assembly’s Legislation and Judiciary Committee on Tuesday, Justice Minister Han Dong-hoon made a statement suggesting that LUNA tokens could be considered securities due to their backing by real-world assets. However, he said that this distinction might not apply to other tokens.On April 25, the Seoul Southern District Prosecutors’ Office indicted Shin and others as accomplices to Kwon, assuming that LUNA tokens were indeed securities. This case now revolves around whether the prosecution can successfully establish the classification of LUNA tokens as securities during the trial, making it the central issue in the case.Photo by Kanchanara on UnsplashCrypto investor protection legislationLast Thursday, the National Assembly’s National Policy Committee approved a bill known as the “Virtual Assets User Protection Act,” signaling an accelerated legislative process. However, there are arguments suggesting that the definition of cross trading should be further clarified in either the legislation or enforcement decree.A representative of a law firm specializing in virtual assets stated that the implementation of the User Protection Act would take another year even after its promulgation, making it challenging to retrospectively penalize cross trading practices that had already occurred.

Cartesi Launches Inaugural dApp on Ethereum MainnetSingapore-based Cartesi, the app-specific roll-up protocol with a virtual machine running Linux distributions, has introduced its inaugural dApp.The decentralized application, aptly named Honeypot, has been designed to serve as a platform for developers and ethical hackers to rigorously scrutinize the security of the Cartesi protocol’s underlying codebase, all in exchange for lucrative bounties.Photo by Michael Förtsch on UnsplashHoneypot deploymentAccording to a press release published on Tuesday, Honeypot is set to fulfill the vital role of stress-testing Cartesi’s foundational code on the Ethereum mainnet. The successful deployment of Honeypot will pave the way for Cartesi’s technology to be employed in a multitude of other dApps. Notably, a unique aspect of Honeypot is the tempting incentive it offers. The first individual to successfully hack it will be entitled to drain the sum of 1.77 million Cartesi tokens, equivalent to $220,000, after one year without any constraints.Embedded within the Honeypot dApp’s backend code is an algorithm that only permits the Cartesi Foundation’s depositor account to make fund withdrawals. Participants who dare to take on this code-breaking challenge must successfully navigate the intricacies of the algorithm to claim the reward.Developer Advocacy contributor to Cartesi, Gabriel Barros, stated: “We want to welcome all developers to test Cartesi’s Rollup infrastructure — but in a gamified challenge.”Aiding dApp developmentCartesi stands as a Layer 2 network specifically designed to streamline the development of intricate and powerful dApps. Its mission is to bridge the gap between conventional development practices and blockchain-based solutions, attempting to offer a seamless transition for developers.At its core, Cartesi introduces a mechanism that enables dApps to execute resource-intensive computations off-chain within a Linux environment. Crucially, these off-chain computations are verifiable by the blockchain, ensuring that the final results remain consistent across all nodes. This approach empowers developers to harness existing software and tools while ensuring compatibility with the blockchain.Linux insideThe choice of a Linux environment is pivotal to Cartesi’s framework. Linux enjoys widespread usage worldwide, particularly in server environments, making it a familiar and well-adopted platform. This familiarity extends to the extensive array of tools and libraries available within the Linux ecosystem, which are leveraged by developers for a myriad of traditional web applications.Gabriel Barros underlined Cartesi’s mission, stating:“Cartesi’s goal is to eliminate the limitations Web3 developers face by enabling them to import decades of familiar programming tools, libraries, and languages to the blockchain. By doing so, Cartesi unlocks a new realm of possibilities, allowing developers to surpass what was previously imaginable with earlier web3 applications.”Cartesi’s introduction of the Honeypot dApp on the Ethereum mainnet signifies a significant step towards ensuring the security and robustness of its protocol. Furthermore, it demonstrates Cartesi’s intentions in attempting to foster a vibrant and innovative ecosystem for developers in the blockchain space.

China's highest judicial authorities, the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, have released a judicial interpretation that includes the use of virtual assets to transfer illicit funds as a recognized method of money laundering. This move aims to strengthen the legal basis for investigating and prosecuting cases linked to cryptocurrency and money laundering activities.Photo by Vidar Nordli-Mathisen on UnsplashClarifying the legal status of crypto transactionsThe new judicial interpretation classifies virtual asset trading as a potential channel for money laundering. It specifies that using virtual-asset transactions or financial-asset exchanges to transfer or convert the proceeds of crime falls under the act of “disguising or concealing the source and nature of criminal proceeds and their gains by other means” as outlined in the country’s criminal law. Liu Honglin, founder of the Shanghai-based Man Kun law firm, clarified in a social media post that the interpretation does not equate all cryptocurrency trading with money laundering. According to Liu, the directive is not intended to criminalize the possession or trading of cryptocurrencies domestically but to provide clear legal guidelines for prosecuting specific illegal activities linked to crypto transactions. Impact on crypto trading and enforcementShao Shiwei, a fintech lawyer based in Shanghai, suggested that this interpretation could pose challenges for stablecoin merchants and increase legal risks for those involved in receiving illicit funds through crypto trading. The interpretation is part of broader efforts to regulate the virtual asset space, following the comprehensive ban on crypto trading activities by the People’s Bank of China and other authorities in September 2021. Despite the ban, many investors have continued to find ways to engage in crypto trading, sometimes circumventing capital control measures. For example, in May, Chinese police dismantled an underground bank that utilized the USDT stablecoin for foreign currency exchanges involving over 13.8 billion yuan ($1.9 billion). This incident underscores the ongoing challenges in enforcing existing regulations against the backdrop of innovative methods to bypass legal restrictions.