Policy & Regulation·Jan 06, 2026
Japan eyes ‘year of digital’ as finance minister signals crypto shift
Japan and China are moving in different directions on digital finance. In Japan, senior officials are signaling a push to bring cryptocurrencies further into the mainstream financial system. In China, regulators are doubling down on limits for private-sector tokenization even as the central bank expands a state-led digital currency model.Photo by Nat on UnsplashTraditional exchanges to anchor crypto pushSpeaking at the Tokyo Stock Exchange on Jan. 5, Japanese Finance Minister Satsuki Katayama framed 2026 as “the inaugural year of digital” in her New Year’s address, according to local outlet CoinPost. She said she expects cryptocurrency adoption to broaden as commodity and stock exchanges take on a larger role, arguing that established market infrastructure will be key to realizing the benefits of blockchain-based assets. Pointing to the U.S., she noted that exchange-traded funds are commonly used as an inflation hedge, and suggested Japan could move in a similar direction. Katayama also struck an upbeat tone on the wider economy, saying she expects Japanese stocks to hit new record highs this year. She cast 2026 as a potential turning point as Japan seeks to move beyond a long stretch of deflation, and called for responsible but proactive fiscal policy alongside targeted investment in growth sectors. Her comments come as Tokyo considers a major overhaul of how crypto gains are taxed. Under a government proposal, profits from cryptocurrencies would be taxed at a flat 20%, aligning them more closely with levies on stocks and foreign-exchange trading. The framework would also cover crypto-linked ETFs and derivatives. Currently, crypto gains are treated as miscellaneous income, leaving investors subject to progressive rates that can climb to roughly 55% once local taxes are included. The proposed reforms would bring crypto assets under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. While the package is slated for discussion during the upcoming ordinary Diet session, which is scheduled to begin on Jan. 23, officials do not expect it to take effect before 2028, given the scope of the required legal and regulatory changes. Industry groups flag RWA tokenization risksChina, by contrast, continues to take a restrictive stance toward private digital-asset activity. Seven major financial industry associations—including the National Internet Finance Association of China, the Banking Association, and the Securities Association—issued a joint statement warning that the tokenization of real-world assets (RWAs) is illegal and amounts to a “risky business model,” according to Wu Blockchain, citing a WeChat post published last month. The associations argued that RWA tokenization still functions as a form of unauthorized fundraising barred under existing securities laws. They also warned of risks tied to both the projects and their underlying assets, including fraud, operational failures, and speculative hype, adding that even when the assets themselves are legitimate, token structures remain unreliable and could pose spillover risks to other parts of the financial system. The statement added that such activities have not received regulatory approval. The warning fits with Beijing’s broader, state-led approach to digital finance. Last month, Lu Lei, a deputy governor of the People’s Bank of China (PBOC), warned that unchecked private-sector innovation could pose challenges for monetary policy, arguing that the rapid growth of digital assets and stablecoins risks weakening central banks’ control over money flows. Against that backdrop, Lu said the PBOC has rolled out a new operational framework for its central bank digital currency that took effect on Jan. 1. The move places the digital yuan in a deposit-like role within the commercial banking system under a two-tier structure, with the central bank overseeing rules and infrastructure and commercial banks handling wallets, payments, and compliance. By late November 2025, the digital yuan network had processed 3.48 billion transactions totaling 16.7 trillion yuan ($2.3 trillion), underscoring how China is channeling digital finance through a centrally controlled system. The system includes about 230 million personal wallets and 18.84 million corporate wallets.
