India’s FIU moves to block overseas exchanges

Thaksin Shinawatra, who served as Thailand's 23rd prime minister from 2001 to 2006 and whose daughter Paetongtarn Shinawatra currently serves as the Southeast Asian nation’s prime minister, expressed positive views on crypto while speaking at an event in Bangkok on Monday.Photo by Evan Krause on UnsplashIssuing stablecoins According to a report by Reuters, in his speech, Shinawatra called on Thailand’s Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to enable the trading of stablecoins and cryptocurrencies that are otherwise backed by real-world assets (RWAs). Addressing the consideration of systemic risk posed by cryptocurrencies, Shinawatra stated:"There will be no risk, it is just another currency in the world."  Shinawatra also commented on a government plan to make the Thai tourist resort city of Phuket a potential location for a pilot program which would trial crypto payments. Bullish on crypto This is not the first occasion in which the former Thai prime minister expressed a bullish view on crypto. He has been a long-standing advocate for cryptocurrencies. His comments earlier this week mirror similar views he expressed while speaking at an event at the Intercontinental Hotel in Hua Hin in December. On that occasion, he stated: “There are already many cryptocurrencies. Some people say that in the future, we will have more currencies than countries.”  In Hua Hin, he also suggested that his friends believe that Bitcoin could reach a unit price of $850,000. With that potential rise in value, Shinawatra wants Thai citizens to be well-positioned for the crypto wave. He encouraged the Thai government to engage positively with digital assets and to take the time to study the emerging asset class. Back in August, Thailand’s SEC launched the Digital Asset Regulatory Sandbox as part of an initiative to permit interested service providers to trial crypto-related services within a controlled sandbox environment.  Building on that sentiment expressed by Shinawatra in December, in his latest speech, he called on the country’s financial institutions to be more open to cryptocurrency.  Paying attention to U.S. policy on crypto In making that call, he cited developments in the United States. Particularly, he focused on the incoming U.S. administration’s positive embrace of digital assets. This includes positive commentary made by U.S. President-elect Donald Trump and the appointment of Paul Atkins by Trump as the new head of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the U.S. Atkins has already outlined plans to collaborate with crypto-friendly SEC Commissioners Hester Peirce and Mark Uyeda, with a view towards shaping the agency’s crypto policies.  Beyond crypto, the former prime minister had a number of other suggestions that he feels would be good for Thailand. With regard to the country’s stock market, he called for tighter regulatory oversight, tax incentives for long-term investors and improved corporate governance. He encouraged the opening of a carbon credit trading venue in order to ensure better pricing. Shinawatra believes that Thailand should legalize online gambling on the basis that it is currently losing 100 billion Thai baht ($4 billion) in annual tax revenue from the activity. The Thai government has moved to approve a draft law that would legalize casinos and gambling.

Recent reports from local media outlets indicate that Indonesian authorities have conducted raids on crypto mining sites, accusing them of illicitly siphoning electricity from the utility poles of the state-owned electricity company. The government’s intervention comes as part of a broader effort to address energy theft and regulate the cryptocurrency mining industry in the country.Photo by Fré Sonneveld on UnsplashTen mining sites raidedOfficials from the state-owned electricity company PLN highlighted the importance of coordinated efforts in exposing the unauthorized mining operations that were tapping into the national grid without approval. According to the reports, the ten illegal bitcoin mining sites which were raided incurred a financial loss of approximately 1.4 billion Indonesian rupees, equivalent to $100,000 for the state. The impact of energy theft extended beyond financial concerns, raising environmental and community-related concerns. Local students, alarmed by the potential consequences, urged PLN and regional police to investigate the mining operations. Subsequent action revealed that the theft was indeed taking place, prompting PLN officers from the Bukit Barisan Customer Service Implementation Unit (UP3) to conduct a raid. However, the officers faced threats and resistance, leading to a close coordination between PLN and the North Sumatra Regional Police. The raid uncovered a total of 1,300 bitcoin mining machines engaged in illegal operations, with each machine consuming a substantial 1,800 watts of electricity. Inspector General Agung Effendi, the North Sumatra Police Chief, disclosed that the illicit activities had been ongoing for an estimated six months, resulting in the arrest of 26 individuals across the ten locations.PLN reassured stakeholders of continued collaboration with the police to prevent further electricity theft and safeguard the national grid from such unauthorized activities. Worldwide concernThe incident in Indonesia reflects a global concern over the energy consumption of cryptocurrency mining operations generally, but also with regard to illegal activity. In recent years, the environmental impact of these operations has become a focal point in public policy debates, with climate activists emphasizing the harm caused. Government officials, on the other hand, express concerns about the potential disruption to the total distribution network if not properly regulated. In September, neighboring Malaysia identified illegal crypto mining activities in the state of Sarawak as the reason for recurrent power disruption. Meanwhile, in Singapore in August, authorities uncovered a crypto mining scam that cheated investors out of $1.3 million dollars. Indonesia joins other countries that have conducted raids on crypto mining operations accused of running large-scale, unregistered facilities. Malaysia has witnessed multiple arrests related to digital asset mines, while in Venezuela, authorities seized bitcoin machines and weapons from a recaptured prison controlled by a criminal gang. Legitimate mining potentialNotably, this marks the first such incident in Indonesia, and energy theft charges in the country are punishable by up to five years in prison or 200% of the stolen energy’s value. Despite these problems, Indonesia also understands the opportunity that exists where legal bitcoin mining is carried out. In May, Ridwan Kamil, Governor of the province of West Java, participated in a fireside chat titled “The Indonesia Bitcoin Mining Campaign.” During that event, Governor Kamil recognized the potential that bitcoin mining offers Indonesia. He stated: “[Indonesia has] the second most geothermal potential in the world — more than 800 rivers with hydropower. As bitcoin allows the transformation of energy into money, bitcoin could be transformative for Indonesia.” The global trend of addressing energy consumption in crypto mining is evident in Kazakhstan, where regulators seek to limit miners’ access to the national grid unless they operate solar-powered mines. Indonesia, with its pro-crypto population, is also moving towards increased regulation, mandating all crypto exchanges to register with the Commodity Futures Exchange (CFX) to continue operations beyond August 2024.  

India’s Upcoming G20 Summit Bullish for CryptoThe upcoming G20 summit in Delhi, India, will mark the first-ever G20 summit hosted in South Asia. The G20 comprises 19 countries and the European Union. While the summit is focused on discussing critical issues related to the global economy, it will also include discussions on cryptocurrencies.©Pexels/Studio Art SmileCrypto policy precursor to mass adoptionRegulations and policy frameworks around crypto will be a significant topic of conversation at the summit, alongside discussions on international financial stability. India’s Finance Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman, confirmed that G20 nations are working towards creating an effective Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for regulating crypto during the summit.India has been taking a systematic approach to regulate the evolving crypto space, as evidenced by the nation’s evolving stance on cryptocurrencies and the recently launched central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilot. With this in mind, the G20 summit in Delhi is expected to provide a platform for countries to discuss and collaborate on effective crypto regulations and policy frameworks.According to Gracy Chen, Managing Director of the Singapore-based Bitget cryptocurrency exchange, more work on policy relative to crypto in India is bullish for the development of the sector within the South Asian country. “India’s consistent growth in adapting to cryptocurrencies and forming newer policies around it has made it a hub for tech investments. With more development and a policy framework, we can expect higher mass adoption. The G20 summit will be bullish for crypto’s growth in India,” Chen told Indian weekly English-language news magazine, India Today.During the 2022 Budget discussions, the government of India proposed some significant changes to the taxation of cryptocurrencies. As a premium investment product, cryptocurrencies are known for their high volatility, and the government believed that they should be subject to a heavier tax burden. Specifically, they introduced a 30% tax on capital gains earned through the sale of digital assets, as well as a 1% tax on Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) for all crypto transactions.The tax on capital gains applies to all digital assets, and the government intends to track historical records to ensure compliance. Additionally, the 1% TDS is applied to every single transaction, regardless of its size or frequency. These changes were seen by some as a trial framework, and many in the crypto space hoped for greater leniency from the government in the future. However, it remains to be seen whether the government will revise these tax policies in the coming years.CBDC pilot projectsFurthermore, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has recently launched two CBDC pilots to test the feasibility of digital currencies in India. The first pilot is a wholesale CBDC, which is being conducted in collaboration with nine banks.The second pilot is a retail CBDC, launched in December, which is being tested in four major cities across India — Mumbai, New Delhi, Bengaluru, and Bhubaneswar. The goal of these pilots is to evaluate the potential of digital currencies in facilitating secure and efficient transactions, as well as to study the possible impact on the traditional banking system.By exploring both wholesale and retail CBDCs, the RBI is taking a comprehensive approach to CBDC development, which may inform future decisions regarding the adoption of digital currencies in India.Chen maintains that “discussions around cryptocurrency policy frameworks accelerate the possibilities of mass adoption in the region.” “With over 750 million internet users, India holds the potential to not just pilot but establish real-life crypto and blockchain use cases for the masses,” she added.