Rising Cryptocurrency Arbitrage Transactions Raise Concerns in South Korea

Crypto.com unlocks regulated expansion through UK FCA licensing awardSingapore’s Crypto.com has obtained an Electronic Money Institution (EMI) license from the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the United Kingdom. The approval complements the platform’s existing status as a registered crypto-asset business, a milestone achieved in August 2022.Photo by Robert Tudor on UnsplashSet to expand product offeringIn a press release published to its website on Monday, the company outlined that the EMI license represents a pivotal step for the firm, empowering the exchange to issue and manage electronic money. This expansion goes beyond its initial crypto-asset business focus, which concentrated primarily on compliance with anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorist financing (CTF) regulations.The regulatory nod came after Crypto.com underwent a comprehensive examination of its business and compliance practices, ensuring alignment with the stringent AML and CTF requirements in the UK.With this authorization in hand, Crypto.com is poised to introduce a range of e-money products tailored for the UK market. This move aligns the company with other cryptocurrency firms like Coinbase and Gemini, which have previously secured similar licenses.Notwithstanding that, while some other well-known platforms have struggled with recently introduced rules related to the marketing of crypto products and services in the UK, Crypto.com’s UK subsidiary company, FORIS DAX UK LIMITED, had successfully registered with the FCA in October.Building out global expansionWhile a trend has emerged in 2023 for crypto platforms to expand within regional markets around the world beyond the United States, Crypto.com has been following a global strategy for some time already. Last month, CRO DAX Middle East, a subsidiary company of Crypto.com, secured a license from the Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA) in Dubai to offer regulated virtual asset services.Earlier this year, Patrick Yoon, General Manager of Crypto.com’s Korean business outlined plans for expansion within that market, including the aspiration to obtain the banking relationship required in order to conduct virtual asset trading business in South Korea.Dutch licensing successEarlier in July, Crypto.com received approval from the Dutch central bank, De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB), to extend its cryptocurrency services in the Netherlands.This recognition places Crypto.com among the 36 cryptocurrency-related businesses approved by the Dutch central bank, joining major industry players like Coinbase Europe, eToro and Bitstamp. Notably, this approval followed Binance’s inability to secure registration in the Netherlands, leading to its exit from the country.Expressing enthusiasm about this achievement, Kris Marszalek, CEO of Crypto.com, emphasized the importance of the UK market for their business. He stated:“The UK has and continues to be a hugely important market for our business and the greater industry. We look forward to continuing to collaborate with a global regulatory leader in the FCA in our collective pursuit of responsible innovation for crypto.”Crypto.com’s global expansion strategy includes regulatory approvals in Singapore, France, Italy, Dubai and Australia. However, in a strategic shift, the platform discontinued its institutional exchange service for professional customers in the United States in June. Citing a decline in demand, this move aligns with the broader market conditions in the U.S., influenced by ongoing legal actions against major exchanges such as Binance and Coinbase.

US DOJ Charges Two Russians With Mt. Gox HackTwo Russian nationals have been charged by the US Department of Justice (DOJ) for their involvement in hacking of the Japanese cryptocurrency exchange Mt. Gox, and in causing the collapse of the infamous exchange.Photo by Tingey Injury Law Firm on UnsplashCulpable for collapseThe indictment, which has been unsealed, was originally filed on June 7, and identifies the individuals as Alexey Bilyuchenko, 43, and Aleksandr Verner, 29. They are accused of not only hacking the exchange but also conspiring to launder approximately 647,000 bitcoins, which is valued at around $17.1 billion based on Bitcoin’s unit price on Friday.Additionally, Bilyuchenko has been charged with collaborating with Alexander Vinnik to operate the illicit exchange known as BTC-e between 2011 and 2017. BTC-e was shut down by U.S. law enforcement in 2017, and Vinnik was later extradited from Greece to the U.S. in 2022 on charges of running BTC-e and engaging in money laundering.Mt. Gox, which experienced a major theft, declared bankruptcy and closed its operations in 2014. Bilyuchenko and Verner played a significant role in the theft, leading to the exchange’s insolvency, according to Assistant Attorney General Kenneth A. Polite, Jr. of the Justice Department’s Criminal Division. The indictment states that “in or about September 2011, [the defendants] and their co-conspirators gained and caused others to gain unauthorized access to the Mt. Gox server in Japan.”BTC-e exchange money launderingFurthermore, it is alleged that Bilyuchenko utilized his ill-gotten gains from the Mt. Gox theft to establish the BTC-e exchange, which facilitated global money laundering activities for criminals. US Attorney Ismail J. Ramsey for the Northern District of California stated that Bilyuchenko and his co-conspirators operated a digital currency exchange that enabled criminal entities, including hackers, ransomware actors, narcotics rings, and corrupt officials, to launder billions of dollars.In March, there were reports from CoinDesk about movements of BTC-e funds on the blockchain. An exchange wallet linked to BTC-e made its first transaction since 2017, transferring approximately 3,299 bitcoins to a crypto wallet in November 2022. Additionally, six years ago, the exchange wallet sent around 10,000 bitcoins to two unidentified recipients. However, the recent DOJ filing does not specify whether these recipients were Bilyuchenko and Verner.Slow processMeanwhile, the long-suffering creditors of the hacked exchange are only beginning to reach the final stages of the bankruptcy process. Japan’s bankruptcy process is incredibly slow and it’s taken the best part of ten years for it to reach the distribution phase. It became apparent in April that the bankruptcy estate was moving to distribute $4.5 billion in cash and digital assets to creditors. It’s understood that the process will be completed in October.While creditors are taking a haircut in bitcoin terms, on a US dollar basis, they are not fairing out badly given that the leading cryptocurrency has seen massive dollar price appreciation in the intervening years.

The Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau (FSTB), a policy bureau attached to the government of the special administrative region of Hong Kong, has released a new digital assets policy statement, incorporating its “LEAP” framework for the digital assets industry within the city. The document, outlining the government’s objectives and guiding principles relative to the digital assets sector, builds on its first policy statement for the industry which it published in October 2022.Photo by Harry Shum on PexelsA ‘LEAP’ towards an integrated digital assets ecosystemThe FSTB suggests that this new policy statement builds upon foundational initiatives pioneered through the initial policy statement, asserting that “Hong Kong is poised to 'LEAP' towards a trusted, sustainable, and deeply integrated [Digital Assets] ecosystem embedded within the real economy.” The government agency also suggested that this “Policy Statement 2.0” also builds on the “ASPIRe” digital asset regulatory roadmap introduced by the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) in February, outlining the next phase of digital asset sector development in Hong Kong. Strengthening global hub statusThe government has set out to home in on strategic measures to bring about greater liquidity in digital asset markets and diversify digital asset product offerings, while strengthening the Chinese autonomous territory’s position as a global hub for the digital asset sector. “LEAP” is an acronym for the proposed initiatives that underpin the new framework, including: - Legal and regulatory streamlining- Expanding the suite of tokenized products- Advancing use cases and cross-sectoral collaboration- People and partnership development The framework focuses heavily on the tokenization of real-world assets (RWA), with particular emphasis on bond tokenization. In February 2023, Hong Kong pioneered the issuance of the world’s first-ever tokenized government green bond. Building on that, it now seeks to bring about the regularization of the issuance of tokenized government bonds. The Hong Kong government would also like to see tokenization efforts expanding into “a broader range of assets and financial instruments.” It cited sectors such as precious metals, non-ferrous metals and renewable energy as candidates for tokenization. Promoting tokenized ETFsThe authorities are also encouraging tokenized exchange-traded funds (ETFs), with plans to introduce a stamp duty waiver for these products as an incentive. Additionally, the Hong Kong government is interested in nurturing the development of secondary market trading of such tokenized ETF products, whether that’s through digital asset trading platforms or other channels. The framework considers the further development of stablecoins. The city’s new licensing regimen for stablecoin issuers commences on Aug. 1. The FSTB maintains that stablecoins have the potential “to transform payments, supply chain management, and capital market activities by offering a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional systems.” In order to capitalize on this potential, the Hong Kong government, together with the city’s regulators, intends to enable licensed stablecoin issuers in the city “to explore and implement different stablecoin use cases.” Cyberport, a Hong Kong business park and digital technology incubator that hosts in excess of 1,650 startups, will also extend its support through its incubation ecosystem to further the objectives set out in the Hong Kong government’s new digital assets policy statement.