Rising Cryptocurrency Arbitrage Transactions Raise Concerns in South Korea

As cryptocurrencies increasingly position themselves as a recognized asset class and potential hedge against fiat inflation, illicit activity tied to digital tokens is becoming more visible. A recent high-profile case in the UK has brought this issue into sharp focus, centering on a fraud scheme originating in China. According to BBC News, the case involves Qian Zhimin, a woman who raised funds from more than 100,000 investors in China by claiming to operate a crypto mining company that also develops health products. Instead, she laundered the proceeds and fled the country. On Nov. 11, Qian was sentenced to 11 years and eight months in prison by a UK court.Photo by Vasilis Chatzopoulos on Unsplash$6B fraud and lavish lifestyle​Qian entered Britain on a forged passport in September 2017 and proceeded to live an extravagant lifestyle, renting a mansion in Hampstead for over £17,000 ($22,700) per month. She was arrested in northern England in April 2024, and it was found that she held roughly 61,000 Bitcoin, valued at roughly £5 billion ($6.6 billion), having converted portions of her holdings to cover her substantial living expenses. ​The sheer scale of her wealth was revealed after police searched her rented residence, discovering the Bitcoin reserves on hard drives and laptops. It marks the largest crypto seizure ever recorded in the UK. During the raid, officers also found four other individuals at the property illegally employed to handle household tasks such as shopping, cleaning, and security. ​Since Qian’s arrival in the UK, the value of her Bitcoin holdings has appreciated more than 20-fold. With the fraudster now sentenced, victims are seeing a glimmer of hope for restitution. A civil case scheduled for early next year will determine the fate of the seized assets. However, while many defrauded Chinese investors are reportedly preparing to file claims, establishing a clear paper trail may prove difficult. Many victims routed funds through local intermediaries rather than transferring them directly to Qian’s firm. ​U.S. Bitcoin forfeiture and Beijing’s allegationsWhile the UK courts grapple with the aftermath of Qian’s fraud, a separate crypto controversy is brewing between the U.S. and China, highlighting Beijing's continued vigilance over the sector despite its 2021 ban on trading and mining. According to Cointelegraph, the state-supported National Computer Virus Emergency Response Center (CVERC) has alleged that American authorities are connected to the disappearance of roughly 127,000 Bitcoin, valued at around $14.5 billion, from the LuBian mining pool. ​These allegations surfaced after the U.S. filed a civil forfeiture claim in October against Chen Zhi, the Cambodia-based founder of the Prince Group, who is believed to have owned the assets prior to the breach. At the time of the filing, the U.S. Treasury Department noted that the funds were already under its control. ​CVERC contends that Washington hasn't explained how it accessed the assets. Citing data from analytics firm Arkham, the Chinese agency suggested the funds had been under U.S. control for over a year. They argued that the prolonged inactivity of the Bitcoin before the formal seizure is inconsistent with the typical behavior of hackers seeking quick profit, implying state-level involvement. Economic chess between Washington and BeijingThis matter of Bitcoin control adds a new layer of complexity to U.S.–China relations, even as a trade truce between the two countries took effect on Nov. 10. In a report by CNBC, Washington cut tariffs on China’s fentanyl-linked imports to 10% and extended a reciprocal rate reduction under that agreement. In exchange, Beijing is said to have eased certain restrictions on rare earth exports. Analysts at Morgan Stanley suggest that China is maintaining its export-control regime, implemented in April, to retain strategic leverage. They caution that recurring negotiations and strategic divergence will remain defining features of the evolving bilateral relationship. 

Japanese financial services company SBI Holdings has successfully established "SBI XDC Network APAC" in Japan, following through on an intended joint venture with TradeFinex, the driving force behind the XDC Network.Photo by William Warby on UnsplashJV company formationAt the end of September, the two companies outlined the starting point of an intended collaboration. Only three months later, SBI has come back with an update, a press release published on Dec. 27, to detail the progress that has been made thus far. According to that document, the companies established joint venture corporate entity SBI XDC Network APAC Co. Ltd. on Dec. 18. Among the directors of the new company is the President of BITPoint Japan, a wholly owned subsidiary crypto exchange business of SBI. Majority stakeholderSBI will be the majority stakeholder in the venture, holding 60% of the company’s shares while Dubai-based TradeFinex will be the minor partner, with a 40% shareholding. The press release outlines that the stakeholders will “work to expand the use case using the blockchain technology of the XDC Network in global economic activities centered on trade finance and cross-border payments, not just the handling of tokens.” With that, this enterprise-focused blockchain initiative aims to elevate the efficiency of trade finance. Going forward, it endeavors to broaden the applications of XDC Network's blockchain technology in global economic activities, with the emphasis remaining on trade finance and cross-border payments. The XDC Network, inaugurated in 2017, is a community-driven platform tailored explicitly for trade finance and payments. It introduces a smart contract system that streamlines global trade operations by tokenizing real-world assets (RWAs) such as bonds, trade assets and trade documents. Operating on a high-speed, secure and cost-effective blockchain, XDC Network aspires to transform the landscape of trade finance. SBI Group has been actively involved in various services related to the XDC Network, including being the first exchange in Japan to handle XDC tokens. This was made possible through a partnership with SBI VC Trade, a company within the SBI Group specializing in crypto asset exchange services. Corda platform proof of conceptLogo design has been completed for the new entity, while a website has also been launched. Not wasting any time, the new company has already initiated a proof-of-concept (PoC) experiment. The experiment involves connecting the XDC Network with the Corda platform from SBI R3 Japan and the Corda Bridge from IMPEL GLOBAL. The PoC experiment revolves around conducting fiat payments generated by business-to-business transactions in XDC via Corda and the Corda Bridge. Leveraging a hybrid blockchain with both private and public characteristics, the objective is to attempt to offer a seamless one-stop service that settles both private and public aspects simultaneously. The company claims that this approach achieves an efficient and smooth payment method for cross-border transactions, including international trade, outshining conventional fiat currency transactions. 

Singapore Looks to Prohibit Crypto Lending and StakingIn a move to bolster investor protection and maintain financial stability, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) is introducing new guidelines for cryptocurrency platforms operating in the country.Details of the measures were published by MAS on Monday. According to its statement, the measures “will mitigate the risk of loss or misuse of customers’ assets, and facilitate the recovery of customers’ assets in the event of a DPT [Digital Payment Token] service provider’s insolvency.”The proposed guidelines outline several key measures. One such measure is the daily reconciliation of customer assets, which will help prevent discrepancies and safeguard against potential losses.Photo by Hu Chen on UnsplashHolding assets in trustAdditionally, the custody function, responsible for holding and safeguarding client assets, will be operationally separated from other business divisions to minimize the risk of mismanagement or unauthorized use. By the end of this year, it’s understood that crypto platforms will be required to store client assets in trust accounts, ensuring enhanced security and accountability.DisclosuresFurthermore, licensed cryptocurrency service providers will be mandated to provide explicit disclosures to customers, clearly outlining the risks associated with holding and trading digital payment tokens (DPTs). Recognizing the speculative nature of digital token trading, the MAS acknowledges that regulations alone cannot fully protect consumers from potential losses.To further protect retail investors, the MAS intends to prohibit cryptocurrency service providers from facilitating lending or staking activities. Lending and staking, where digital tokens are loaned or pledged to earn profits, are considered unsuitable for the general public due to their complex and high-risk nature.These measures come as part of Singapore’s efforts to strengthen its regulatory environment for digital assets. The consultation process began last year, following the collapse of FTX, a cryptocurrency exchange.Singaporeans suffered disproportionately with the collapse of FTX as previously, MAS had banned global crypto exchange Binance from operating within the city-state. That led to Singapore having more FTX customers than many other world regions. To compound matters, state-owned global investment firm Temasek, was an investor in the fraudulent crypto exchange.MAS had called for feedback and proposals, with a focus on enhancing investor safeguards and promoting responsible trading practices. While the regulations aim to provide a safer environment for investors, the MAS also emphasizes the importance of individuals exercising caution when engaging in digital token trading.Contrasting approachesWhile Singapore is taking steps to tighten regulations, other cities like Hong Kong are adopting a more inclusive approach to the crypto industry. Hong Kong Legislative Council member Johnny Ng has voiced support for the local crypto business and has encouraged prominent exchanges like Coinbase to establish operations in the territory, aiming to foster greater engagement and growth within the sector.As the crypto industry continues to evolve, regulatory frameworks play a crucial role in ensuring investor protection and maintaining market integrity. Singapore’s proactive approach to strengthening its regulatory environment reflects its commitment to striking a balance between fostering innovation and safeguarding the interests of investors.