MARBLEX Partners with Aptos to Expand Its Multichain Endeavors

Solomon Islands partners with Soramitsu on CBDC pilotCentral bank digital currency (CBDC) development has been ongoing globally at a brisk pace in 2023 and smaller nations, like the Solomon Islands with a population of over 700,000, are no exception when it comes to that process with the introduction of Bokolo Cash.Photo by Gilly Tanabose on UnsplashIntroducing Bokolo CashSolomon Islands Central Bank (CBSI) has officially unveiled the proof-of-concept for its CBDC named Bokolo Cash, with support from Japanese blockchain firm Soramitsu. Bokolo Cash is pegged to the value of one Solomon Islands dollar.The proof-of-concept pilot was launched on Tuesday by way of a keynote speech given by Manasseh Sogavare, the prime minister of the archipelago. In that speech, Sogavare highlighted that the CBDC would lead to reduced transaction costs for citizens and businesses. Users can rely on transactions to be both secure and transparent, given that the network will be blockchain-based.The prime minister also articulated that the CBDC pilot project would be a catalyst for financial inclusion relative to the Island nation’s remotest communities.Pilot scheme use casesParticipants in the project will have the opportunity to use it in various scenarios. From retail transactions in the capital city, Honiara, to person-to-person transfers, the CBDC aims to demonstrate its versatility. The proof-of-concept will also assess wholesale transfers between commercial banks, simulate cross-border payments and examine remittances. To ensure security and compliance, users will undergo a “two-step” Know Your Customer (KYC) verification process, as outlined by Soramitsu.Operating on a customized blockchain based on Hyperledger’s Iroha, Bokolo Cash is designed for local use. However, it will also integrate with Soramitsu’s public Sora blockchain. This connectivity will enable users to engage in transfers using QR codes and the self-custody Fearless Wallet, a creation of Soramitsu.Legislative changeAlthough the project commenced at the beginning of November, the official announcement was made earlier this week. The legislation required to enable the CBSI to issue the CBDC — CBSI (Amendment) Act 2023 — was enacted on Nov. 3.The Solomon Islands, a collection of over 900 islands situated west of Papua New Guinea, now joins a group of island nations, including the Marshall Islands and Mauritius, actively experimenting with CBDC. Palau collaborated with Ripple Labs back in July to introduce the Palau Stablecoin (PSC). Interestingly, Tonga has contemplated adopting Bitcoin as legal tender, while Vanuatu hosts Satoshi Island, known for its Bitcoin-friendly environment. Meanwhile, Eastern Caribbean countries have already implemented an official CBDC called DCash.Soramitsu has been active in collaborating with central banks relative to the introduction of CBDCs, particularly in Asia. It has played a key role in facilitating the issuance of the Cambodian Bakong and the Lao DLak in Laos. Furthermore, it has initiated a project for regional cross-border payments using the Bakong and a stablecoin.In 2022, Soramitsu completed CBDC-related feasibility studies in conjunction with the relevant authorities in Vietnam and the Philippines. The Japanese fintech company has also participated with the Asian Development Bank and Tokyo-based global information technology solutions firm Fujitsu on a Web3 development project.

Korea’s prominent crypto exchanges Bithumb and Korbit have recently resumed charging trading fees, local media outlet Edaily reported. However, these changes in fee policies are reinforcing Upbit’s dominant market position while downsizing Bithumb’s and Korbit’s market shares. Meanwhile, the local banks affiliated with crypto exchanges are benefitting from an uptick in fee revenue from the recent bitcoin boom. According to crypto data intelligence platform CoinGecko on Feb. 28, Upbit accounted for 77.4% of the local market share in crypto transactions, followed by Bithumb (20.43%), Coinone (1.73%), Korbit (0.35%) and Gopax (0.09%). Photo by Markus Winkler on UnsplashShifts in market sharesAs of March 2, the market shares of Bithumb and Korbit decreased by 8.59 percentage points and 0.21 percentage points, respectively. Conversely, Upbit’s dominance grew to 86.57%, up by over 9 percentage points. A Korbit official said it’s too early to pass judgment on Korbit’s market performance, as the exchange’s policies on trading fees could change depending on the market sentiment. The person added that CoinGecko tracks only eight types of tokens traded on Korbit and does not cover all the transactions on the exchange.  Bithumb had previously benefited from charging no fees, driving up its market share to as high as over 40% in December. Following the decision to impose a fee of 0.04% on Feb. 6, however, the exchange has been experiencing a drop in transaction volume. Korbit also reinstated trading fees last Thursday, roughly four months after eliminating them on Oct. 10 as a promotional move. However, it's worth mentioning that the newly introduced trading fee is 0.07%, which is lower than the earlier rate of 0.2%. Meanwhile, Gopax currently exempts fees for users who trade BTC, ETH, XRP and USDC.  No local regulations on fees for crypto transactions At the moment, there are no local regulations on fees for crypto transactions, leaving the task of setting such fees to individual trading platforms. It is known that crypto exchanges in other countries, such as the U.S., set their own rates as well.  

The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), the Chinese autonomous territory’s central bank, has launched a scheme which subsidizes projects endeavoring to issue tokenized bonds. Grants of up to $321KThe objective behind the initiative, which was announced in a statement published to the HKMA website on Nov. 28, is to nurture moves towards tokenization within Hong Kong’s capital markets. The initiative, titled the Digital Bond Grant Scheme (DBGS), can be accessed by financial services firms for up to two digital bond issuances. The grant may cover up to 50% of what the HKMA describes as “Eligible Expenses” incurred in the process of issuing and establishing the digital bond. A maximum grant level of HK$2.5 million ($321,000) has been established. Digital bond issuers are entitled to the full grant where both basic requirements and additional requirements have been met. A half grant of up to HK$1.25 million ($160,600) has been established for those issuers who have met the basic requirements. The scheme has been opened to applicants from Nov. 28 onwards, with it having been set out to run for an initial period of three years. To fulfill the basic requirements, a bond must be issued in Hong Kong and either be issued on a decentralized ledger technology (DLT) platform, or the project itself must be based in Hong Kong while being involved in the running of a DLT platform.Photo by Fidel Fernando on UnsplashAdditional requirementsThe HKMA has listed four items under additional requirements. These include a need for a digital bond to be issued on a DLT platform run by an entity that is not an associate of the issuer. The bond issuance, whether effected in one instance or in tranches, must account for a value of greater than HK$1 billion ($128.5 million).  The bond must be issued to greater than five investors who are not connected with or associates of the issuer. Finally, the bond must be issued on either the Hong Kong Stock Exchange or a virtual asset trading platform (VATP) licensed and regulated by the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC). Project EvergreenIn 2021, the HKMA launched Project Evergreen, an initiative geared towards exploring how DLT could enhance processes and efficiency within capital markets. On Nov. 28 the HKMA published an update on the project, outlining that since its foundation, tokenization had gained considerable momentum, with $10 billion in tokenized bonds having been issued globally within the last decade. The Hong Kong government carried out two tokenized bond issuances as part of the project. Due to the second issuance being seven times larger than the first one, the HKMA believes that this accounted for institutional investors being attracted to the bond issuance.  In the update, the HKMA outlined that going forward, the plan is to promote wider adoption of what is viable, within the confines of what is possible. The central bank asserted that the DBGS was established on this basis. The update stated: "To fully reap the potential of DLT, we need to keep pushing the boundaries and explore further innovation." In a related development, a report published by the Financial Times on Nov. 28 suggests that the Hong Kong government is considering offering crypto tax breaks to hedge funds and private equity funds.