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North Korea becomes major nation-state holder of Bitcoin following hack

Markets·March 17, 2025, 11:50 PM

While South Korea’s central bank has opted not to accumulate Bitcoin (BTC) at a nation-state level, North Korea has become a major holder of the leading crypto asset, albeit in a very unconventional way.

 

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) is believed to currently be in possession of 13,518 BTC. That’s according to data compiled by the blockchain analytics firm Arkham Intelligence. Arkham has labeled the holding as belonging to the notorious North Korean hacking organization Lazarus Group. It’s been alleged by many observers over recent years that Lazarus is controlled by the North Korean government. 

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On this basis, it would appear that North Korea now has a larger Bitcoin holding than the Bitcoin-friendly jurisdictions of Bhutan and El Salvador. The Kingdom of Bhutan holds 10,635 BTC through Druk Holdings and Investments (DHI), the commercial arm of the Royal Government of Bhutan. 

 

Meanwhile, El Salvador holds 6,119 BTC. Bhutan has been accumulating Bitcoin as a consequence of Bitcoin mining activity carried out by the government in partnership with Singapore-based Bitcoin mining firm Bitdeer and others within the Asian country over recent years.

 

El Salvador made a commitment to buy Bitcoin on an ongoing basis following its recognition of the digital asset as legal tender back in 2021. Based on Bitcoin pricing at the time of writing, Arkham’s data suggests that North Korea currently holds Bitcoin with an overall value of around $1.14 billion.

 

It’s believed that North Korea’s overall holdings have been bumped up recently following a $1.4 billion hack of global crypto exchange Bybit last month. According to crypto data analysis firm Coin Metrics, the hack stands as one of the largest of all time. 

 

Arkham’s data suggests that North Korea now has the third largest nation-state holding of Bitcoin, with the U.S. in first place, with 198,109 BTC, and the UK next with a holding of 61,245 BTC.

 

Besides Bitcoin, the Lazarus Group is understood to be sitting on ETH, BNB, DAI and BUSD worth in the region of $30 million. In the immediate aftermath of the hack, the hackers moved to swap out some of the stolen Ether (ETH) for Bitcoin via the THORChain decentralized liquidity protocol.

 

South Korea not building Bitcoin reserve

While North Korea appears to have accumulated Bitcoin at the nation-state level through nefarious means, the Republic of Korea’s (South Korea) central bank has given an indication that it currently has no plans to accumulate Bitcoin. 

 

According to a recent local media report, the Bank of Korea (BOK) responded in writing to a query from a Korean parliamentarian, outlining that there is no plan currently to develop a Bitcoin reserve or to stockpile Bitcoin at a national level. 

 

The BOK is understood to have cited Bitcoin’s price volatility as a major concern. Additionally, the central bank outlined that Bitcoin doesn’t conform to the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) guidelines relative to foreign exchange reserve management.

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Markets·

Mar 04, 2024

Korea’s crypto exchanges resume charging fees, shifting market shares

Korea’s prominent crypto exchanges Bithumb and Korbit have recently resumed charging trading fees, local media outlet Edaily reported. However, these changes in fee policies are reinforcing Upbit’s dominant market position while downsizing Bithumb’s and Korbit’s market shares. Meanwhile, the local banks affiliated with crypto exchanges are benefitting from an uptick in fee revenue from the recent bitcoin boom. According to crypto data intelligence platform CoinGecko on Feb. 28, Upbit accounted for 77.4% of the local market share in crypto transactions, followed by Bithumb (20.43%), Coinone (1.73%), Korbit (0.35%) and Gopax (0.09%). Photo by Markus Winkler on UnsplashShifts in market sharesAs of March 2, the market shares of Bithumb and Korbit decreased by 8.59 percentage points and 0.21 percentage points, respectively. Conversely, Upbit’s dominance grew to 86.57%, up by over 9 percentage points. A Korbit official said it’s too early to pass judgment on Korbit’s market performance, as the exchange’s policies on trading fees could change depending on the market sentiment. The person added that CoinGecko tracks only eight types of tokens traded on Korbit and does not cover all the transactions on the exchange.  Bithumb had previously benefited from charging no fees, driving up its market share to as high as over 40% in December. Following the decision to impose a fee of 0.04% on Feb. 6, however, the exchange has been experiencing a drop in transaction volume. Korbit also reinstated trading fees last Thursday, roughly four months after eliminating them on Oct. 10 as a promotional move. However, it's worth mentioning that the newly introduced trading fee is 0.07%, which is lower than the earlier rate of 0.2%. Meanwhile, Gopax currently exempts fees for users who trade BTC, ETH, XRP and USDC.  No local regulations on fees for crypto transactions At the moment, there are no local regulations on fees for crypto transactions, leaving the task of setting such fees to individual trading platforms. It is known that crypto exchanges in other countries, such as the U.S., set their own rates as well.  

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Policy & Regulation·

Jun 03, 2023

Huobi Aims for Hong Kong License Within 6–12 Months

Huobi Aims for Hong Kong License Within 6–12 MonthsAccording to Justin Sun, the founder of layer one blockchain Tron and advisor to Huobi, the cryptocurrency exchange could have obtained a crypto trading license in Hong Kong by the end of the year.Photo by Pixabay on PexelsApplication submissionIn an interview with CoinDesk TV on Friday, Sun revealed that Huobi recently submitted an application to become a virtual asset service provider (VASP) in Hong Kong. While the approval process typically takes up to 18 months, Sun expressed optimism that a decision could be reached within the next six to twelve months.A legacy Chinese cryptocurrency exchange was driven out of the country a few years ago following the implementation of a crypto trading ban, and is now a Seychelles-headquartered company which currently has offices in Singapore, Japan, South Korea, and the United Kingdom.It had been previously understood that at least 10 companies with Chinese founders, including OKX, Bybit, and Huobi, had either announced or were known to be planning to announce their bid for licenses in Hong Kong. Sun’s comments today add clarity to the matter.Sun highlighted that during this grace period, which spans the next 18 months, the specific details of regulations will be developed. This includes guidelines on compliance with customer withdrawals and anti-money laundering requirements. He further explained that with the approval, Huobi Hong Kong will be able to operate, onboard customers, establish banking relationships, and serve its user base effectively.In a strategic move, Huobi relocated its headquarters from Singapore to Hong Kong, driven by the city’s aspirations to become a leading virtual asset hub as early as this summer. The exchange’s decision to establish a presence in Hong Kong positions it favorably to leverage the emerging opportunities in the region.Expectations of more applicantsWhile it’s not entirely clear who else has applied, Sun speculated that five to six other major players could follow suit. Among the potential contenders mentioned were OKX, Gate.io, Bitget, and ByBit. This suggests a potential wave of interest in Hong Kong as a regulatory-friendly jurisdiction for virtual asset trading.When asked about Huobi’s plans to enter the Canadian market and compete with established players like Coinbase and Kraken, Sun made it clear that Huobi has no immediate intentions to operate in Canada. He emphasized the importance of prioritizing friendly jurisdictions, with a specific focus on regions like the Caribbean, Hong Kong, and Japan.Hong Kong’s regulatory approach towards cryptocurrencies and virtual asset service providers has gained attention in recent months. The city’s commitment to establishing a robust framework for digital asset trading and ensuring compliance with international standards has drawn interest from industry players seeking regulatory clarity and stability.As Huobi progresses through the application process and awaits a decision on its VASP license, the outcome will have significant implications not only for the exchange itself but also for the broader crypto ecosystem in Hong Kong. The successful acquisition of a license by Huobi could set a positive precedent, attracting more exchanges to establish a presence in the region and further solidifying Hong Kong’s position as a leading virtual asset hub in Asia.The developments in Hong Kong’s regulatory landscape will be closely monitored by industry participants as they shape the future of virtual asset trading in the city.

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Policy & Regulation·

Sep 19, 2023

Crypto Influencer Arrested in Hong Kong Over JPEX Association

Crypto Influencer Arrested in Hong Kong Over JPEX AssociationHong Kong police have taken prominent social media influencer and former lawyer Joseph Lam into custody. Known as “Jolamchok” on Instagram, Lam has been arrested due to his connection with the troubled cryptocurrency exchange, JPEX.According to a report from the South China Morning Post (SCMP) on Monday, law enforcement officials conducted a search of his office, where they seized various items of potential evidence, including a plastic bag containing banknotes.Photo by niu niu on UnsplashCelebrity promotionThe Hong Kong regulator, the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC), recently issued a warning squarely pointing fingers at JPEX for actively enlisting online celebrities like Joseph Lam and over-the-counter (OTC) money changers to promote the platform’s services and products to the Hong Kong public. Hong Kong police are understood to have searched the offices of local OTC exchange service Coingaroo. That action is suspected to be related to the issues that have befallen JPEX.An unverified report suggests that Lam, who is also known as Lin Zuo, may have presented questionable investment “schemes” to a cryptocurrency investment chat group. One of the reported victims was allegedly persuaded to invest 100,000 Hong Kong dollars (approximately $12,800) in cryptocurrencies.In one instance, Lam made claims within the group, stating that people were relentlessly pursuing him for payments and that the amount of money involved was five times higher than usual.“Whatever doesn’t kill you makes you stronger”On September 17, the day before his arrest, Lam shared a news article on his Instagram account, suggesting that he had not been negatively affected by the JPEX investigations. The caption read, “Whatever doesn’t kill you makes you stronger.”Following this development, Lam visited the police alongside his legal representatives to provide the necessary information regarding his involvement with JPEX. In a related development, another crypto influencer, Chen Yi, is understood to have been arrested. Yi is suspected of conspiracy to commit fraud.Liquidity crisisJPEX has publicly attributed its liquidity crisis to regulatory pressures and “third-party market makers.” In response, the exchange increased withdrawal fees and suspended certain operations. They have, however, promised to restore liquidity from third-party market makers promptly and gradually return withdrawal fees to normal levels, with details to follow after negotiations.JPEX maintains that it was being treated unfairly. The exchange also said that it would freeze new trades while existing trades would continue to be active until completion.This arrest and the ongoing issues surrounding JPEX come amid wider concerns in the cryptocurrency sector. A recent report from Bitfinex indicated that capital outflows from the crypto markets amounted to a staggering $55 billion in August alone. This substantial outflow has not only impacted Bitcoin but has also affected the liquidity of Ether and stablecoins, underlining the broader challenges faced by the crypto sector.As the investigation into Joseph Lam’s involvement with JPEX continues, it remains to be seen how this development will impact the ongoing troubles facing the cryptocurrency exchange and the broader crypto ecosystem in Hong Kong and beyond.

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