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Singapore Takes Lead in Regulating StablecoinsSingapore has taken a proactive step by finalizing regulations for stablecoins, solidifying its position as one of the first jurisdictions to do so on a global scale.The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has established a comprehensive framework that outlines essential prerequisites for stablecoin operations, according to an announcement made by the central bank on Monday.Key highlights include:Reserve Backing: Stablecoins must be backed by reserves consisting of low-risk and highly liquid assets. The value of these reserves should equal or surpass the circulating stablecoin value at all times.Prompt Redemption: Stablecoin issuers are mandated to return the par value of the digital currency to holders within five business days upon redemption requests.Transparency: Issuers must furnish users with “appropriate disclosures,” including audit outcomes of the backing reserves.These regulations will be applicable to stablecoins issued in Singapore that mirror the value of the Singapore dollar or any G10 currency, such as the US dollar. Stablecoins meeting all the requirements outlined by the regulations will receive recognition from the regulator as “MAS-regulated stablecoins.” This distinct categorization will differentiate them from tokens lacking regulation.Photo by CoinWire Japan on UnsplashKey roleWith a market valuation of approximately $125 billion, stablecoins have rapidly emerged as a significant force within the crypto space. Leading the pack are Tether’s USDT and Circle’s USDC, which together command around 90% of the market’s total value.Stablecoins play a key role in the crypto trading market. They allow traders to move in and out of various cryptocurrencies and back into fiat. However, despite their immense influence, stablecoins have largely remained unregulated across the globe. While their primary use has been in trading, stablecoin proponents assert their versatility in various applications, including remittances.Digital currency hubSingapore has been actively positioning itself as a hub for digital currencies, striving to attract foreign companies seeking refuge from the crypto industry’s apprehensions surrounding the current unwelcoming US regulatory approach.Despite their prevalence, stablecoin issuers have faced criticism regarding the transparency of their reserve holdings. Singapore’s regulatory measures aim to bring increased clarity to this sector.Ho Hern Shin, Deputy Managing Director of Financial Supervision at MAS, expressed that the framework’s purpose is to enable stablecoins to serve as a credible digital medium of exchange and bridge the gap between fiat and digital asset ecosystems.Positive industry responseLeading stablecoin firms, Tether and Circle, have applauded Singapore’s new regulations. Yam Ki Chan, Vice President of Strategy and Policy for APAC at Circle, stated that MAS is at the forefront of forward-looking regulators globally, establishing a transparent regulatory framework for stablecoins and digital assets. Paolo Ardoino, CTO of Tether, hailed the framework for providing a clear structure, accountability, and transparency in stablecoin operations within Singapore.The collapse of algorithmic stablecoin UST last year drew regulatory attention to this category of stablecoins. Unlike traditional stablecoins like USDT and USDC, UST was governed by an algorithm and lacked real-world assets as reserves.Singapore’s stablecoin regulations have placed it in a select group of jurisdictions pioneering such rules. Hong Kong is presently undergoing public consultation on stablecoins and plans to introduce regulations in the coming year.

MHC Digital Group, an Australian digital assets management platform, has entered into a partnership with USDC stablecoin issuer Circle Internet Financial, with a view towards increasing the circulation of USDC within Australia and the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region. MHC was founded by well-known venture investor Mark Carnegie, with the company having offices in Sydney and Singapore. The firm will work with Circle to distribute USDC in Australia and within the APAC region. MHC has been marketing its services towards institutional investors and it’s that same client group that the two firms want to target in order to increase USDC circulation. The firm will provide “cost-effective and efficient USDC access” where institutional clients are concerned.Photo by Catarina Sousa on PexelsCrypto ‘a better mousetrap’ In a media release published on behalf of the two companies, Carnegie claimed that while many people still claim that there is no use case for crypto, hundreds of billions move globally at a fraction of the cost experienced via the traditional financial system. “Crypto is simply a better mouse trap for the vast majority of international payments,” he added. Commenting on the development in an interview with the Australian Financial Review, Carnegie stated:“I’m hoping we can show there are hundreds of millions of dollars of forex [foreign exchange] trading fees, where super funds are getting their faces ripped off by Macquarie Bank and the other incumbent banks.” Appealing to pension funds Carnegie wants to get large pension funds on board in using USDC. He pointed to the fact that global banks make $170 billion from corporations and individual investors through the movement of funds over the SWIFT network. He can see that major savings can be made if USDC is used relative to these fees. Despite all this, Carnegie acknowledges that it will be a hard sell to get them on board. As part of these plans, MHC Digital will be launching an over-the-counter (OTC) trading desk, which will be targeted towards hedge funds, crypto enterprises and high-net-worth individuals. APAC opportunity Kash Razzaghi, Circle’s chief business officer (CBO), identified APAC as presenting with an adoption opportunity beyond institutional clients. Razzaghi stated: “With its young, mobile-first and digital wallet-ready population, the Asia Pacific region is ahead of the curve when it comes to digital asset adoption." Carnegie appears to be similarly enthusiastic when it comes to the APAC region. In an interview with CNBC back in January, he suggested that the crypto bull run was “an Asian story this time round.” It’s understood that the two companies are also considering collaborating on the issuance and distribution of an Australian dollar (AUD) denominated stablecoin. This development is the latest in a string of initiatives taken by Circle to bring about USDC adoption in the APAC region. In 2023 the company partnered with SBI Holdings with the objective of enhancing the circulation of USDC within the Japanese market. The very same rationale resulted in it partnering with Tokyo-based crypto trading platform Coincheck in February 2024. The company has also tried to trigger adoption at a retail level, through collaborations with FamilyMart convenience stores in Taiwan and Southeast Asian super app Grab. 

Kbank’s Upbit Customer Deposits Total $2.2BKbank, an internet-only bank in South Korea, is facing criticism due to its relatively high proportion of cryptocurrency customer deposits compared to other banks. Kbank reportedly manages approximately KRW 3 trillion (equivalent to $2.2 billion) in deposits from customers of cryptocurrency exchange Upbit, which accounts for about 18% of its total customer deposits.This percentage stands out, being notably higher than other banks that provide accounts to the other four crypto-to-fiat exchanges in Korea. That is according to a report by Maeil Business Newspaper, which obtained documents submitted to lawmaker Kim Hee-gon by the Financial Services Commission (FSC).According to Korean law, crypto exchanges must secure real-name bank accounts from banks to offer crypto trading services against the Korean won. Kbank offers its accounts to Upbit, the dominant player in the Korean crypto market.Photo by David McBee on PexelsNotable exposure to crypto exchangeThe FSC documents showed that Kbank’s Upbit customer deposits totaled KRW 3.09 trillion, making up 18% of its total deposits, which amount to KRW 17.2 trillion.In a striking contrast, Nonghyup Bank had 0.2% of its deposits, equivalent to KRW 557.8 billion, in Bithumb, which is the nation’s second-largest cryptocurrency exchange. Kakaobank, another internet-only bank, had 0.3% (KRW 112.2 billion) of its deposits in Coinone. Shinhan Bank held 0.01% (KRW 43 billion) in Korbit, and Jeonbuk Bank had a similarly small 0.02% (KRW 4.2 billion) in Gopax.Lawmaker Kim pointed out that Kbank has become a bank dedicated to crypto trading. Kim proposed that financial authorities take proactive measures to assess the potential risks that may emerge when Kbank utilizes Upbit customer deposits as a basis for offering credit loans. Such risky financial practices could potentially result in higher loan defaults and the emergence of a greater number of individuals with poor credit histories, which could ultimately jeopardize the stability of the financial market.Regulatory gapThe current Financial Transaction Reporting Act mandates that virtual asset service providers (VASPs) segregate customer deposits from their own assets as a measure to combat money laundering. However, it has been noted that there are regulatory gaps stemming from the absence of specific guidelines for the custody of these deposits.According to the Financial Supervisory Service (FSS), Nonghyup and Kakaobank store deposits in separate accounts within the bank. On the other hand, Kbank and Jeonbuk Bank keep deposits in corporate accounts under their respective exchange partners’ names.When deposits are stored in separate accounts within the bank, only the bank has access to those funds, and they are essentially operated in a manner similar to a trust, preventing the bank from using the funds arbitrarily. In contrast, funds held in corporate accounts can be used by the bank as a source for lending. Lawmaker Kim warned that in scenarios such as exchange bankruptcies or similar situations, banks holding customer funds in corporate accounts could face difficulties in ensuring customer protection.Each of these banks receives reserve funds from crypto exchanges in anticipation of potential compensation requirements in the event of unforeseen losses. The FSS states that as of the end of last month, the reserve amounts held by each bank were as follows: Kbank had KRW 200 billion, Nonghyup Bank had KRW 100 billion, Kakao Bank had KRW 73 billion, and both Shinhan Bank and Jeonbuk Bank had KRW 30 billion.Kbank’s Upbit customer deposits are approximately 72 times larger than Shinhan Bank’s Korbit customer deposits. However, the reserve amounts held by Kbank are only 6.7 times greater than those held by Shinhan. Lawmaker Kim emphasized the importance of banks maintaining reserve funds that are proportional to the customer deposits held in their partner crypto exchanges.Signs of recoveryMeanwhile, the Korean cryptocurrency industry, which faced a downturn in the latter half of last year due to events like the Terra collapse and FTX’s bankruptcy, has exhibited signs of recovery in the first half of this year.The Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) of the FSC recently reported that the cryptocurrency market cap in South Korea has reached KRW 28.4 trillion as of the end of June this year. This reflects a 46% increase compared to the end of last year when it stood at KRW 19.4 trillion. Additionally, the total operating profit of domestic exchanges surged by 82% to KRW 227.3 billion over the past six months, compared to the previous figure of KRW 124.9 billion.The total market’s max drawdown (MDD) was 62%. MDD assesses the extent to which an asset has declined in value from its highest point to its lowest point within a specific time frame, before experiencing a recovery. The FIU considers this MDD to be high, urging investor caution.