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Compliance and Cooperation — A Necessary Formula for Combatting Crypto CrimesFrom common scams like voice phishing to threats of violence, the involvement of cryptocurrencies in crimes against the general public is steadily on the rise both in South Korea and abroad.Photo by Bermix Studio on UnsplashAccording to blockchain data analysis firm Chainalysis, the scale of cryptocurrency-related crimes and hacking on a global scale has decreased by 45.2% and 23.5%, respectively, compared to last year. However, financial losses resulting from smaller ransomware attacks, including phishing scams, are showing an upward trend.Authorities and industry figures alike are increasingly emphasizing the need for close cooperation to combat this growing issue, as existing regulations and legal frameworks remain insufficient to do so.Chainalysis and crypto exchange Binance co-hosted a policy summit in Seoul on Tuesday called “Securing the Future of Crypto,” where experts gathered at the Courtyard Marriott hotel to discuss compliance and cooperation between the public and private sectors in fighting crypto crimes.Challenges and complexities in crypto investigations“The Korean National Police Agency receives dozens of reports of financial losses and urgent requests for account freezes every day, with 80% of them pertaining to Binance,” said Kim Min-jae, an investigator at the National Police Agency’s International Cyber Cooperation Division.Citing a recent case of a voice phishing scam targeting a woman in her 60s, Kim said that authorities were able to proceed with the investigation within 30 minutes after receiving information from the exchange. However, addressing crimes beyond large cryptocurrency exchanges like Binance, such as those involving decentralized finance (DeFi) systems or foreign exchanges, poses a more difficult challenge due to the lack of proper measures to deal with them.Lee Soo-pyeong, a cybercrime investigator at the Korean National Police Agency’s Cyber Investigation Division, also noted that although domestic cases are relatively easier to investigate, there have been many cases — such as the appalling Nth Room case that caused an uproar throughout Korea in 2020 — that involved overseas accounts and exchanges.Steps for effective crime controlWhat measures, then, should authorities and corporations take in order to deal with such issues? Lee stressed the importance of cooperation among international judicial bodies and adherence from businesses to enhance the response to increasingly sophisticated crypto crimes.Know Your Customer (KYC) standards — the guidelines used in investment and financial services to verify customers’ identities and assess their risk and financial profiles — play an important role in this regard. However, “There are no platforms yet, including major exchanges like Binance, that provide us with personal information through KYC measures when funds are laundered,” Kim explained. He expressed hopes for a system jointly established by relevant entities, including local exchanges, that will enable swift criminal investigation.Lee also highlighted the importance of compliance from foreign companies, stating, “While it’s possible to request mutual legal assistance in criminal matters from the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol), active cooperation from foreign companies is essential.”From an international point of view, Jarek Jakubcek, Head of Intelligence and Investigations APAC at Binance, pointed out that upholding international standards and standardized processes is important, given the fact that crypto crimes transcend borders. While some countries excel in compliance and enforcing anti-money laundering (AML) policies, others fall short, leading criminals to exploit these disparities.Recently, there have been criminals who move their funds through blockchain networks. The development of bridge technology, which facilitates cross-chain asset transfers, has led to laundering techniques becoming more and more sophisticated. However, he assured that tracing funds is still possible, although doing so has become harder than before.The amalgamation of these circumstances has thereby ushered in the era of Know Your Transaction (KYT). While exchanges have traditionally been obligated to perform Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures to prevent money laundering, they must now go beyond verifying user information and analyze customer transaction data in order to understand where money is coming from and how it flows, Jakubcek said. To achieve this, he argued, they must request information from users and work with on-chain data analysis solution companies like Chainalysis to secure real transaction data. Alec Zebrick, Manager of Investigations in the Asia-Pacific region at Chainalysis, added that leveraging on-chain data allows the verification of most transactions.In the rapidly evolving crypto landscape where crimes are still a force to deal with, experts agree that reinforcing compliance and cooperation between exchanges and authorities is imperative.

Sony Bank, a Japanese neobank headquartered in Tokyo, has applied to the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) to establish a new trust bank, Connectia Trust, as part of a broader expansion into digital assets. According to Sony Bank’s application, if approved, Connectia Trust would issue U.S. dollar–pegged stablecoins and manage the corresponding reserves. The entity would also offer non-fiduciary custody of digital assets and provide fiduciary asset-management services for certain affiliates.Photo by P. L. on UnsplashSony among 11 crypto applicants to the OCCSony Bank’s filing is among 11 crypto-related applications before the OCC, alongside efforts by Coinbase, Nubank, Paxos, BitGo, Ripple, and others. To date, only two banks have advanced through the agency’s charter approval process. In 2021, the OCC conditionally approved the conversion of Anchorage Trust Company into Anchorage Digital Bank, granting it a national trust bank charter. More recently, last week, Erebor Bank, backed by PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel, received preliminary conditional approval for its de novo charter. The initiative reflects Japan’s growing openness to cryptocurrencies, underscored by the government’s recent regulatory approval of the country’s first yen-denominated stablecoin. Fintech firm JPYC Inc. plans to launch “JPYC” this fall, pegged at 1 yen per token and designed for person-to-person transfers and retail payments, with plans for point-of-sale integration. The issuer targets up to 10 trillion yen ($66.7 billion) in circulation within three years. There are no limits on holdings or wallet transfers, while redemptions are capped at 1 million yen ($6,700) per user per day. Sony Bank has been building its Web3 capabilities this year. Its board approved a new subsidiary for blockchain initiatives in May, later renamed BlockBloom in August. Now operational, BlockBloom aims to connect fans and artists and bridge digital and physical experiences, as well as fiat and digital assets. Its ultimate parent, Sony Group, launched a blockchain mainnet called Soneium in January through Sony Block Solutions Labs, S.BLOX, and SNFT. Built as an Ethereum layer-2 network powered by Optimism’s Superchain technology, Soneium recently announced support for meco.fun, a SocialFi platform that enables creators to earn through memes, content, and NFTs. MUFG’s blockchain initiatives at home and abroadJapan’s top traditional banks are also expanding their involvement in digital assets, with a growing focus on stablecoins. An Oct. 17 Nikkei report, cited by CoinDesk, said Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFG), Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, and Mizuho Financial Group aim to develop a unified system to issue and transfer stablecoins among corporate clients. Their first rollout will focus on yen-pegged tokens, followed by a potential dollar-based offering. According to an earlier report from Reuters, MUFG and nine other major international banks, including Bank of America, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, and UBS, are collaborating on stablecoins tied to G7 currencies. MUFG has additionally rolled out a blockchain-based business with Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley Securities (MUMSS), which is offering bond security tokens and operating ASTOMO, a trading venue for retail investors that has debuted with tokens backed by real estate. The platform lets users invest from 100,000 yen (about $667) on their phones. In summer, MUFG’s trust unit, Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking, acquired a high-rise building in Osaka for more than 100 billion yen ($667 million), with plans to issue digital securities tied to the asset. The tokenization strategy would offer fractional ownership to retail investors long excluded from major real estate opportunities. Taken together, Sony Bank’s OCC application and Japan’s accelerating tokenization efforts signal a race among major financial and technology players to build compliant, scalable infrastructure for digital assets—both at home and abroad. 

Phemex, a Singapore-headquartered crypto derivatives trading platform, has halted withdrawals following a multi-million dollar hack.Photo by GuerrillaBuzz on UnsplashHot wallet compromisedIn a message to platform users published to social media, the project stated: “To ensure security, withdrawals have been temporarily suspended while we conduct an emergency inspection and strengthen wallet services. We sincerely apologize for the inconvenience. Withdrawals will be restored soon.” In further commentary, the project apologized for the disruption, assuring service users that its mission remains to provide a trusted trading environment, while outlining that it is working on putting together a compensation plan. It added that “Our ongoing business operations are fine,” and that “trading services continue as usual.” The digital assets were removed from the platform over multiple blockchains including Polygon, Arbitrum, the Base network and BNB. Blockchain analytics firm Lookonchain itemized some of the assets that are believed to have been stolen. They include 3.48 million USDC stablecoin, 3.42 million USDT stablecoin, 841 ETH valued at $2.7 million, 110,701 LINK valued at $2.69 million, 142 billion PEPE tokens valued at $2.12 million, 1.19 million FET tokens valued at $1.45 million and 29,509 AVAX tokens valued at $1.04 million. Initial reports put the loss at $31 million. However, Web3 security firm Cyvers later claimed that $37  million covers the full extent of the loss. Following deeper analysis, it found that both Bitcoin and TRON blockchains had also been impacted, resulting in the overall loss being increased by a further $6 million. Cold wallet assets are safeThe company’s CEO Federico Variola, published a post on X advising service users that all of the assets held within the company’s cold wallets remain safe. He included a link to the Phemex proof of reserves, encouraging customers to check it. In a follow-up post, he wrote: “We are currently carefully testing our system to reprise withdrawals as soon as possible. Due to the sophistication of the threat actor we cannot rush this stage. The estimated timeline to reprise full operations is within 24h, thank you for your support.” The XNET Foundation, a non-profit entity that develops decentralized wireless networks, said that it is actively working with the Phemex team on the production of an exploit report following the incident. It added that “It has been confirmed that tokens sent to the exchange for a launchpad pool were compromised as part of this exploit.” Ongoing problemCrypto hacking remains a major concern within the digital assets sector. Blockchain security firm PackShield reported recently that $1.3 billion had been laundered from crypto hacks in 2024. That statistic demonstrates that the problem is worsening as it accounts for a $342 million or 280% increase when compared with 2023. In December a Chainalysis report found that 61% of the hacking losses suffered in 2024 implicated the involvement of North Korean hackers. It estimated crypto hacking losses of $2.2 billion for 2024, based on losses associated with 303 hacking incidents.