South Korea Embarks on Wholesale CBDC Pilot Program

Hong Kong’s Bricks-and-Mortar Crypto Shops Attract Chinese VisitorsHong Kong has become a thriving destination for cryptocurrency enthusiasts, particularly mainland Chinese visitors, due to the ambiguity surrounding the regulatory status of these crypto shops.Despite the illegality of cryptocurrency transactions on the mainland and the ban on overseas exchanges serving onshore clients, Hong Kong allows legal crypto trading, and according to a recent report published by the Financial Times, the autonomous Chinese territory is being accessed by residents of the Chinese mainland for the purpose of trading crypto.Photo by Chapman Chow on UnsplashSurging demandBricks-and-mortar crypto shops, lightly regulated and scattered across the city’s popular tourism and shopping districts, have flourished thanks to the surging demand from mainland Chinese visitors. These stores offer customers the convenience of purchasing digital assets with cash, often without the need to disclose the source of funds or personal information.In contrast to the strict licensing requirements imposed on online exchanges in Hong Kong’s push to become a virtual assets trading hub, these over-the-counter (OTC) crypto stores provide customers with the opportunity to buy large volumes of cryptocurrencies with minimal or no verification checks.Before the border between China and Hong Kong reopened fully in February, mainland Chinese customers accounted for less than 5% of customers at Crypto HK, an OTC crypto outfit with two branches in the city. However, this figure has now increased significantly, making up around half of their customer base.Similarly, One Satoshi, a crypto store with nine branches in Hong Kong, reported trading volumes between January and May 2023 that were 20–25% higher than the same period the previous year. They anticipate a 35–40% increase in trading for the entire year.While some store owners, like Roger Li of One Satoshi, currently decline mainland Chinese customers due to Beijing’s crypto ban, they remain optimistic that restrictions will ease. This belief is prevalent among the crypto community in Hong Kong following the city’s announcement to become a virtual assets hub in October.Regulatory anomalyHong Kong introduced a new regulatory framework for cryptocurrency exchanges in June, requiring all online platforms operating in the city to apply for a license. However, most OTC stores still operate outside the purview of Hong Kong’s Securities and Futures Commission (SFC), presenting an area of further consideration for the government.OTC stores primarily serve as a simple way for users to convert money to and from unlicensed online exchanges, according to Carlton Lai, head of blockchain research at Daiwa Capital Markets. Hong Kong’s lenient regulations and ease of starting such businesses, as long as there is sufficient capital, contribute to the higher number of OTC stores compared to other locations.While some shops welcome increased regulation in the sector, others do not require customers to provide identification, promoting quick and anonymous transactions. However, this falls short of the investor protection measures mandated for online platforms seeking licenses to trade cryptocurrencies to retail clients.The lack of scrutiny faced by Hong Kong’s OTC shops, coupled with their proximity to mainland China — a market that ranked fourth globally for crypto trading in 2022 — makes them appealing to Chinese citizens still interested in the asset class.

ZkLink Snags $10M Funding Ahead of Mainnet LaunchZkLink, a layer 2 multi-chain blockchain network project based out of Singapore, has secured $10 million in funding in advance of its mainnet launch which is scheduled for Q3, 2023.Photo by Markus Winkler on UnsplashStrategic funding roundThe Singaporean project offers a blockchain infrastructure layer that enables the ability to trade digital assets across various disparate blockchain networks. Coinbase Ventures, the investment arm of US cryptocurrency exchange Coinbase, focuses its attention on early-stage cryptocurrency and blockchain projects.That’s precisely why it has now participated in a $10 million investment in the Singaporean start-up, given that the ZkLink network doesn’t launch on mainnet for a number of months yet. Other participants in the funding round included Ascensive Assets, SIG DTI, BigBrain Holdings, Efficient Frontier, among others.In posting news of the funding to social media, ZkLink confirmed that the fresh strategic funding round has brought total funding to date to $18.5 million. “The funds raised take zkLink a step further to envision a multi-chain future with unified liquidity and seamless multi-chain user experience while remaining fully trustless and self-custodial,” the project stated.Its previous $8.5 million funding round was completed in October 2021. Among the early investors on that occasion were Arrington Capital, DeFi Alliance, Huobi Ventures, Ascensive Assets, Morningstar Ventures, GSR, Marshland Capital, Skynet Trading, ZBS Capital, and others. New York-based blockchain financing and investment platform, Republic Crypto, was the lead investor at that time.Bridging assets securely acrossZkLink uses zero knowledge technology in order to connect various layer one and layer two networks. A zero knowledge proof is the core innovation that the approach relies upon, with the proof presenting as a cryptographic technique that ensures that no data is revealed during a transaction, save for the exchange of some known value already evident to both prover and verifier.That approach makes for efficient cross-chain bridging, guaranteeing strong security without external trust assumptions. By connecting various layer one and layer two networks, zkLink claims that it empowers the next generation of decentralized trading products.Developers can access ZkLink application programming interfaces (APIs) in order to create order book decentralized exchanges (DEXs), NFT marketplaces, among other use cases. The project is harnessing zero knowledge technology to abstract away all the complexity of multi-chain trading while keeping it ultra secure and true to the ethos of crypto.A multi-chain futureWith blockchain networks being highly fragmented, the concept of a multi-chain future is one that is being increasingly embraced within the crypto space. Various projects have been launched in an effort to effect such a scenario. However, the first generation of bridging solutions have proven to be weak from a security perspective. Zero knowledge technology is seen as a potential solution to this issue.Effecting a seamless multi-chain will also bring about greater efficiencies. As a case in point, currently USDT-Ethereum and USDT-Solana exist as separate assets on distinct blockchains representing the very same USDT stablecoin. With seamless bridging, there would be no need for the duplication.In recent days, the ZkLink project team has been busy working on safety features related to securing decentralized finance protocols. In a press release associated with that work, ZkLink Co-Founder Vince Lang stated: “It is unacceptable that billions of dollars are lost each year due to custody fraud or cross-chain bridge exploits, so we encourage other DeFi protocols to conduct the same test to prove self-custody of user’s funds.”

Newly founded bankruptcy claim trading platform OPNX has provided further details about the entities backing the fledgling startup. Taking to Twitter on Friday, Open Exchange CEO Leslie Lamb outlined a number of venture capital backers, with a mixture of international and Asia-centric firms among them. Global backersLamb’s tweet via the firm’s official Twitter account, together with a similar announcement published to the firm’s website, outlined AppWorks, a leading Taiwanese venture capital firm and startup accelerator, as an investor in the company. Other Asian backers include Hong Kong-based crypto fund, Token Bay Capital and the Hong Kong-based arm of one of China’s largest banks, China Merchant Bank International.With the firm based in Dubai, Middle-Eastern interest is represented through the involvement of Saudi digital asset fund, Tuwaiq Limited. Otherwise, the company lists a number of other international backers, including US equity options exchange MIAX Group, DeFi-focused venture and trading firm Nascent, top tier global venture capital firm Susquehanna and the investment arm of market maker and early stage investor, DRW. Questionable founding teamOnly hours after the disclosure by Open Exchange, DRW reached out to CoinDesk to confirm that it is not an investor in the bankruptcy claims exchange. Nascent and Susquehanna also denied that they are involved. The companies are still being listed by OPNX as backers of the project on its website.The launch of OPNX has been mired in controversy from the outset as its founding team includes the founders of the former crypto hedge fund Three Arrows Capital (3AC) which failed spectacularly in 2022. Su Zhu and Kyle Davies, the founders of 3AC are now the founders behind OPNX. Before their involvement, OPNX was preceded by Seychelles-based crypto yield platform CoinFLEX. That business also failed during the 2022 crypto bear market. It entered into a restructuring process with the consent of the courts in the Seychelles. Emerging from it is OPNX with the 3AC duo of Zhu and Davies having gotten involved at that point. Industry push-backMany in the crypto space have been highly critical of the development of OPNX on the basis of the involvement of both Zhu and Davies. The duo are being blamed for the collapse of the crypto hedge fund due to mismanagement and the knock on effects the firm’s demise had on other entities within crypto. Many of the series of crypto lenders who failed at a later stage in 2022 had major exposure to the wayward hedge fund.There had been some speculation as to who was backing the new project. Earlier this month, BitMEX co-founder and former CEO Arthur Hayes claimed that the 3AC duo had received substantial funding from Bahrain’s sovereign wealth fund to establish the project. In February, Hayes suggested that the crypto bull market must be starting based on news of Zhu and Davies wanting to launch the OPNX platform.Crypto-focused venture capitalist Michael Arrington also spoke out around that time, stating on Twitter, that 3AC founders successfully raising capital for their latest venture was “the saddest bulls**t I’ve heard in a long time.”Upon its launch earlier this month, industry commentators quickly declared the project a flop citing a trading volume of $13.64 on its first day of trading. Five days in, OPNX made light of the situation, declaring a win on the basis that it had progressed to $12,398 in trading volume, representing a 90,000% increase in trading.Dubai’s Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA) issued an investor and marketplace alert on April 12 stating that while OPNX may be Dubai-based, it is not regulated by VARA and instead operates on an unregulated basis. It warned investors against using any unregulated crypto entity.