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SBI and Saudi Aramco to explore digital asset business partnershipsJapanese financial services conglomerate SBI and Saudi Arabia’s state-controlled energy giant Saudi Aramco have jointly announced their exploration of potential collaboration in the realms of digital assets and semiconductors.Photo by Chris Liverani on UnsplashDigital asset portfolio co-investingThe partnership, which was publicly disclosed last week, aims to delve into co-investing in each other’s digital asset portfolios. Such an arrangement will leverage SBI’s substantial holdings and the formidable position of Aramco as the world’s second-largest company by revenue, boasting a staggering $604 billion figure. The partnership will mark a strategic alliance that goes beyond geographical boundaries, underscoring the global impact of digital asset investments.The collaboration between SBI and Aramco extends beyond mere investment, with SBI actively seeking to identify Japanese digital asset startups keen on expanding their operations into Saudi Arabia. The joint effort aims to provide comprehensive support to these startups, facilitating their integration into the Saudi market and contributing to the growth of the digital economy.SBI Middle EastIn addition to this venture, SBI is set to establish “SBI Middle East” in Riyadh, serving as a central hub for its operations in the Middle East. This move aligns with SBI’s recent announcement of a $100 million joint fund with Standard Chartered, based in Dubai, solidifying its commitment to fostering financial partnerships in the region.When contemplating cryptocurrency activities in the Middle East, Saudi Arabia might not be the first destination that comes to mind, given Turkey’s significant crypto adoption rate and the UAE’s well-established crypto regulatory authorities, such as Dubai’s VARA and Abu Dhabi’s ADGM.However, Chainalysis data reveals that Saudi crypto activity is steadily gaining ground, experiencing the most significant year-on-year growth (12%) to June 2023. Additionally, the country’s Vision 2030 initiative involves efforts to diversify its economy. With that, blockchain and Web3 are being embraced.TokenizationWhile lacking a formal crypto regulatory regime, recent reports suggest that Saudi regulators are warming up to the idea, indicating a shift in approach. A recent collaboration has emerged between the central banks of Saudi Arabia and Hong Kong which will explore tokenization and payments infrastructure.It is noteworthy that both SBI and Aramco explicitly referred to “digital assets” in their collaboration, avoiding the mention of cryptocurrencies. This emphasis raises the possibility that the focus might extend to tokenization, an area where SBI has a robust presence, notably through the establishment of the Osaka Digital Exchange (ODX), set to commence trading tokenized securities later this month.As part of its digital asset investments, Saudi Aramco has previously engaged in blockchain initiatives, including investments in VAKT, a post-trade solution for the oil sector. Additionally last year Aramco invested in blockchain startup Data Gumbo, which utilizes blockchain in order to bring about operational efficiencies. The collaboration extends to the approval of electronic bill of lading (eBL) providers like TradeGo.In February, Aramco signed an agreement with droppGroup to build out a range of Web3 technologies. Furthermore, Aramco’s investments in companies like Red Date Technologies and IR4LAB underscore its interest in developing blockchain-based services, including document and supply chain solutions.

The European Council has banned all transactions within the European Union (EU) involving the Russian Ruble-backed stablecoin A7A5, according to a press release published Oct. 23. The prohibition targets the stablecoin itself, its developer, its Kyrgyzstan-based issuer, and the operator of a platform that facilitates major A7A5 trades. The package also takes aim at Russian crypto exchanges.Photo by Christian Lue on UnsplashAdditional banking restrictionsThis measure is part of a broader set of economic sanctions against sectors the EU stated assist the Russian invasion of Ukraine, including energy, finance, and defense industries. As part of this financial clampdown, the EU will also impose a ban on five additional Russian lenders starting Nov. 12. One of those lenders, Alfa-Bank, recently began offering Bitcoin buying and selling services, according to an X post by journalist Pete Rizzo. The European body said the new crypto measures address Russia’s increasing use of digital assets to circumvent existing sanctions. Russian banks were cut off from the SWIFT international payment system in early 2022, following the onset of the Russo-Ukrainian war. Reports of Russia using cryptocurrency to finance malign activities have surfaced previously. Earlier this month, Sławomir Cenckiewicz, the head of the Polish National Security Bureau (BBN), told the Financial Times that Russia has employed crypto to finance attacks on EU countries. Cenckiewicz said that a network of agents recruited by Russia’s GRU military intelligence agency and uncovered in Poland in 2023 had been substantially funded with cryptocurrency. Reflecting this concern, lawmakers in Poland’s lower house approved a bill in September to strengthen national crypto oversight, a move also expected to help curb Russian funding channels. Cenckiewicz noted that Polish intelligence agencies are closely monitoring the legislation to prevent loopholes that allow foreign actors to support agents using digital assets. Russia’s evolving crypto policyThe EU’s action comes as Russia itself is attempting to refine its own cryptocurrency rules. According to the Moscow Times, Russia's central bank wants to limit cryptocurrency use strictly to cross-border payments within an experimental legal regime (ELR). The institution continues to reject recognition of cryptocurrency as a legal means of payment and has advocated banning its use for domestic payments and retail investment, while permitting trading only for high-net-worth individuals through licensed platforms. Russia’s finance ministry has expressed a more flexible view, pointing to the scale of crypto adoption among the public. Earlier this year, the central bank estimated that domestic crypto transactions exceeded 1 trillion rubles (about $12.4 billion) per month, and that as of March, wallets linked to Russian users held roughly 827 billion rubles (about $10.2 billion). The finance ministry and the central bank have agreed to tighten supervision of the crypto market, with officials expecting to finalize the new framework before the end of the year. 

Andreessen Horowitz is deepening its bet on Asia’s retail crypto boom, even as trading on South Korea’s largest exchanges has cooled from last year’s peaks. The firm’s crypto arm, a16z crypto, said in a press release that it has opened its first Asia office in Seoul, citing South Korea’s high level of retail participation. Nearly one in three South Korean adults owns cryptocurrency, exceeding the share of stock investors, according to the firm. The move comes as the broader Asia-Pacific region cements its role as a hub of grassroots crypto activity, a trend highlighted in Chainalysis’ 2025 Global Crypto Adoption Index.Photo by Brady Bellini on UnsplashAltcoin-heavy retail marketSouth Korea has been a major contributor to that growth. Bloomberg reported in October that digital assets have increasingly become a long-term savings vehicle for many South Koreans, particularly those trying to purchase homes. Trading on local platforms remains heavily skewed toward higher-risk altcoins, which account for more than 80% of total volume across domestic exchanges. Still, overall activity has dropped sharply over the past year. A November report from Wu Blockchain said trading on Upbit, the country’s largest exchange, is down about 80% from a year earlier. The platform averaged $1.78 billion in daily volume in November 2025, compared with roughly $9 billion in December 2024. Bithumb, the second-largest exchange, saw a similar pullback, with average daily volume falling from $2.45 billion last December to about $890 million this November. Some of that retail liquidity appears to have rotated into equities, with the benchmark KOSPI index up more than 72% year-to-date. Asia’s wealthy to increase crypto exposureEven as spot volumes recede, higher–net–worth investors across the region are signaling longer-term interest. Sygnum’s APAC HNWI Report 2025, cited by Cointelegraph, found that 60% of surveyed high-net-worth individuals plan to increase their crypto exposure over the next two to five years. The report said 87% of respondents already hold digital assets; about half allocate more than 10% of their portfolios, and the average allocation is around 17%. The survey included 270 participants with more than $1 million in investable assets or extensive professional investing experience, drawn from ten Asia-Pacific markets led by Singapore and including Hong Kong, Indonesia, South Korea, and Thailand. Overall, 90% of respondents said they view digital assets as important for long-term wealth preservation and legacy planning, rather than primarily as a speculative trade. Anchored by the new Seoul office, a16z crypto said it plans to provide go-to-market support for portfolio companies seeking to expand in Asia, including help with distribution, partnerships and community building. The effort will be led by Park Sung-mo, whose previous roles include positions at Monad Foundation and Polygon Labs, as Head of APAC go-to-market. Pakistan looks to crypto for financial modernizationPolicy debates elsewhere in Asia also reflect growing interest in digital assets' economic role. At the Bitcoin MENA Conference on Dec. 9, Pakistan’s Virtual Asset Regulatory Authority chairman Bilal Bin Saqib said the country needs to move beyond conventional economic structures and leverage digital assets as a new source of momentum, according to Cointelegraph. He argued that digital assets and blockchain could form part of a new financial architecture for the Global South, not merely serve speculative use cases. The country’s youth-heavy population, about 70% under age 30, was central to his view that it could take a leading position in crypto adoption. Chainalysis’ 2025 index placed Pakistan third worldwide, pointing to how policymakers in emerging markets are increasingly factoring digital assets into long-term economic strategies.