Shanghai Embraces Blockchain, AI, and Digital Yuan with New Guidelines

Japan’s Financial Services Agency (FSA) is advancing proposals to authorize exchange-traded funds (ETFs) backed by specific cryptocurrencies, a move that fleshes out previously reported plans to apply a flat 20% separate tax to crypto gains. According to agency materials released on Dec. 26 and reported by CoinPost, the regulator has now clarified that crypto-linked ETFs and derivatives will be integrated into this new tax framework.Photo by Jakub Żerdzicki on UnsplashThe materials, part of the tax reform framework for the fiscal year 2026, indicate that the regulator intends to align the tax treatment of crypto-linked ETFs with that of stocks and foreign exchange trading. Under the current system, cryptocurrency gains in Japan are classified as miscellaneous income, subjecting investors to progressive tax rates that can reach approximately 55% when local levies are included. The proposed reforms aim to integrate crypto assets into the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (FIEA), a legislative package slated for debate during the 2026 Diet session. Derivatives also subject to separate taxBeyond ETFs, the regulator plans to adjust the taxation of derivative products based on certain crypto assets. While these derivatives would remain classified as miscellaneous income—similar to conventional futures—the method of taxation would shift from comprehensive taxation to a separate self-assessment model. Despite the outlined tax reductions, market observers anticipate that full implementation may be delayed until 2028 due to the time required to amend the relevant laws and government ordinances. FSA restructures to better oversee cryptoIn parallel with regulatory updates, the FSA is restructuring its internal operations to better address digital finance. Nikkei reported that the agency has decided to elevate its Crypto-Assets and Blockchain Innovation Office to the status of a division beginning in the administrative fiscal year starting July 2026. This restructuring follows an August proposal in which the FSA cited the need to bolster its capacity to handle financial services transformed by financial technology, crypto trading, and generative artificial intelligence (AI). The agency noted that it faces accumulating challenges, including fraud prevention and the government's broader goal of positioning Japan as a leading asset management nation. Additionally, the establishment of a new Asset Management and Insurance Supervision Bureau is expected as part of the reorganization. The regulatory shifts coincide with broader efforts to integrate blockchain technology into Japan's financial infrastructure. A separate Nikkei report last week stated that policymakers have agreed to prepare for the issuance of local government bonds as blockchain-based security tokens. The government plans to submit the necessary legislation during the next ordinary Diet session, aiming to streamline settlement processes and enable real-time monitoring of investor data. Corporate crypto strategies persist despite concernsIn the private sector, Tokyo Stock Exchange-listed Metaplanet is proceeding with a corporate strategy focused on Bitcoin accumulation. Dylan LeClair, the company's Director of Bitcoin Strategy, said on X that shareholders at an extraordinary meeting approved proposals to raise capital for additional Bitcoin purchases, including the issuance of Class B preferred shares to overseas institutional investors. Earlier this year, Metaplanet shareholders authorized a long-term plan to acquire more than 210,000 Bitcoin by 2027, representing roughly 1% of the total supply. However, analysts warn that corporate models based primarily on asset accumulation face structural risks. According to Cointelegraph, industry figures such as MoreMarkets CEO Altan Tutar and Solv Protocol co-founder Ryan Chow have cautioned that companies relying solely on digital asset holdings may struggle to maintain valuations without developing operational businesses that generate consistent returns. 

China Launches National Blockchain Center to Develop TalentHaving initially been announced in February, China’s National Blockchain Technology Innovation Center was formally launched on Wednesday. The center is based in China’s capital city of Beijing, and plans to collaborate with existing crypto and blockchain businesses, think tanks that concern themselves with blockchain and digital assets, and local universities in an effort to further advance blockchain technology within China’s borders.Photo by Hanson Lu on UnsplashEnterprise blockchain developmentEncompassed within the National Blockchain Technology Innovation Center lies the Beijing Academy of Blockchain and Edge Computing. The academy’s leading achievement to date has been its development of the ChainMaker blockchain. The state-sponsored blockchain incorporates clusters of high performance servers of 1,000 units or more, and it claims to achieve a throughput of 240 million transactions per second.The blockchain is being geared towards enterprise use, and the sharing of information between businesses. The ChainMaker project team has also developed an immutable storage mechanism called “Hong”. It’s understood that the team plans to open-source that technology in due course. The storage system is being used by around 80 government departments in Beijing to collect and store data.ChainMaker is collaborating with fifty corporations, with most of them being state-owned entities.Linking up separate networksIn these efforts to advance China’s blockchain sector, the Center is being backed by China’s Ministry of Science and Technology. One of its key objectives is to ensure that the research center enables a comprehensive, nation-wide network to link together disparate blockchain systems, including those already built, within China. Furthermore, the Chinese authorities want the Center to support existing industries, serving them by bringing blockchain technology to their operations, and in that way advancing businesses with that added competitive edge.Zheng Zhiming, a leading academic at the Chinese Academy of Sciences said that existing blockchain projects are isolated from each other. Zhiming believes that this is holding them back, impeding their growth. This latest approach through the National Blockchain Technology Center is geared to address that shortcoming.It’s interesting to note that while the Chinese authorities have taken a very hard line in relation to cryptocurrencies, they are very much trying to advance their blockchain sector. Likewise, they are pulling out the stops for China’s central bank digital currency (CBDC) project, the digital yuan or e-CNY.It emerged last week that the Bank of China has partnered with French international banking group BNP Paribas, in an effort to promote further use of the digital yuan among the bank’s corporate clients.A dual strategyMeanwhile in China’s autonomous territory of Hong Kong, the city has been given an implicit mandate from the Chinese central government to open its doors to cryptocurrency-related businesses. Cleverly, the Chinese are covering both eventualities. While they don’t want citizens within mainland China to have access to decentralized cryptocurrencies and dApps, they still don’t want to miss out on any upside that the technology and its innovation may bring.On that basis, Hong Kong has been given the space and freedom to compete for crypto business on a global basis, competing in that respect with other emerging centers such as Singapore and Dubai.

Korean Crypto Exchange Giants Lead Market Expansion With Increased ListingsSouth Korea’s top three cryptocurrency exchanges Upbit, Bithumb and Coinone have all increased the number of cryptocurrencies they listed for trading this year compared to last year, making them responsible for leading the market’s activity and expansion.Photo by Maxim Hopman on UnsplashDynamic shifts in listing and delisting trendsA recent analysis by local news outlet News1 on the number of cryptocurrencies listed and delisted this year on the country’s major fiat-to-crypto exchanges Upbit, Bithumb, Coinone, Korbit and Gopax — listed in order of market share size — revealed that Upbit and Coinone have increased their number of listings and delistings compared to last year.The remaining three exchanges, on the other hand, showed differing results. Bithumb increased its number of listings by 47 compared to the number listed last year, while delistings decreased by three, and Gopax listed eight fewer tokens and delisted one more token. Meanwhile, Korbit’s listings decreased by 37 tokens, while delistings decreased by only one.Among the five exchanges, Bithumb listed the highest number of new cryptocurrencies this year, with 80 new currencies in total added as of Monday (local time). This represents a more than double increase compared to the 33 currencies added last year. It is also 18 more than Coinone’s 62 new currencies and 50 more than Upbit’s 30.Differing approaches based on situational factorsGopax and Korbit have taken a more conservative approach compared to Upbit, Bithumb, and Coinone, which have been more aggressive in their listing strategies. In particular, as of Oct. 4, Bithumb has also been offering free transaction fees in an effort to regain its market share. This aggressive approach can be interpreted as an effort to weather the recent crypto winter, although it hasn’t been very successful.Conversely, the exchange that delisted the most cryptocurrencies this year was Coinone, with 38 taken down as of Monday, marking a significant increase compared to last year when it delisted 26. This can be accredited to the platform’s efforts to improve its reputation and operating system following an incident earlier this year where two former employees were booked for taking bribes in exchange for listing certain cryptocurrencies. Coinone CEO Cha Myung-hun subsequently issued an apology and pledged to take proper measures to prevent such an event from recurring. Since then, the exchange has been actively looking into carrying out delistings tied to issues like the amount of currency in circulation or market price manipulation.Bithumb and Upbit came in second and third for most delistings this year, with 22 and 18, respectively.However, Korbit showed the least fluctuation in the number of listings and delistings this year — nine and three, respectively — among the five exchanges. This is a sharp contrast owing to its conservative listing policy. Speculation suggests that the platform might adopt a more aggressive stance if market conditions improve in the second half of the year.On the other hand, Gopax listed 10 tokens and delisted eight tokens. The exchange has notoriously been dealing with operational difficulties due to regulatory roadblocks despite optimistic outlooks after its acquisition by Binance, one of the world’s most prominent exchanges. Along with the recent appointment of Cho Young-joong as the new CEO of CityLabs, the company that acquired an 8.55% stake in Gopax, the exchange has been working on resolving regulatory issues and improving the state of operations.