Korea’s Chungcheongbuk-do to Foster Regional Blockchain Ecosystem

Upbit Singapore Gains In-Principle Approval for Major Payment Institution LicenseCryptocurrency exchange Upbit Singapore announced in a press release via PR Newswire that it has secured an in-principle approval (IPA) for a Major Payment Institution (MPI) license from the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). The IPA enables Upbit Singapore to continue providing regulated Digital Payment Token services in compliance with the Payment Services Act 2019 as it progresses on the path toward obtaining a full license.Photo by Paul MARSAN on UnsplashUpbit’s presence in AsiaIt’s worth noting that Upbit Singapore is part of Upbit APAC, a larger entity that operates exchanges bearing the same name in Thailand and Indonesia. Both Upbit Thailand and Upbit Indonesia are also regulated by their respective local authorities: Thailand’s Securities and Exchange Commission of Thailand and Indonesia’s Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (BAPPEBTI).Upbit APAC holds a technological partnership with Dunamu, the operator behind South Korea’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, Upbit.Crypto firms flocking to SingaporeThis development places Upbit Singapore among the ranks of other cryptocurrency exchanges in the city-state. Earlier this month, GSR Markets, the Singaporean arm of global crypto trading firm GSR, also achieved IPA status in its journey towards obtaining a full license. Other notable names in the industry, such as crypto exchange Coinbase and crypto payment firm Ripple, have already attained full licenses. The transition from an IPA to a full license took approximately a year for Coinbase and about four months for Ripple.Meanwhile, the Upbit enterprise has been making various efforts to solidify its presence in the crypto industry. One of its key initiatives is focused on enhancing user protection. For instance, as the leading cryptocurrency trading platform in South Korea, Upbit recently launched a campaign aimed at assisting crypto investors in recovering mistakenly transferred assets.However, there have been concerns regarding Upbit’s relationship with Kbank, the internet-only bank that provides real-name bank accounts to the Korean exchange. In Korea, cryptocurrency exchanges that facilitate the trading of Korean won are legally obligated to secure such bank accounts as part of anti-money laundering measures. Referring to a document provided by the Financial Services Commission (FSC), Lawmaker Kim Hee-gon highlighted that Upbit customers make up 18% of the bank’s total customer deposits. This percentage is significantly higher than what other banks that offer accounts to exchanges typically experience. Lawmaker Kim has criticized the bank’s relatively extensive exposure to the cryptocurrency exchange, underscoring the importance of elevating the level of Upbit’s reserve funds held at Kbank to prepare for unforeseen losses.

South Korea's Democratic Party of Korea (DPK) plans to introduce a bill this week aimed at establishing a legal framework for digital assets, according to Edaily. The move is part of the party's ongoing efforts to advance its crypto policy agenda ahead of the upcoming presidential election. The proposed law would define the legal status of digital assets and set rules for their issuance, distribution and listing. The bill is expected to keep the requirement for Korean won-pegged stablecoin issuers to obtain authorization with a minimum reserve of 5 billion won ($3.58 million), a key point of debate.Photo by Brady Bellini on UnsplashA DPK official stated that the bill has been drafted and is set to be introduced to the National Assembly this week, following feedback from internal subcommittees. Most of the provisions remain consistent with last month’s draft, but final comments are still being collected on stablecoin reserve requirements, which have been a major point of discussion. Defining digital assetsThe bill defines digital assets as "electronic records with economic value based on blockchain technology" and establishes a regulatory framework for issuers, exchanges and custodians. Key provisions include permitting initial coin offerings (ICOs) and creating a digital asset committee under the Financial Services Commission (FSC). This committee would oversee legal framework design, market monitoring, and policy promotion. Additionally, an industry association will establish a separate committee to oversee token listing practices, ensuring consistent listing standards across exchanges. The most contentious part of the draft has been the regulations for won-based stablecoins. It classifies stablecoins as digital assets akin to fiat currency, requiring a minimum reserve of 5 billion won and authorization from the FSC. It also mandates real-time reserve disclosures, secure asset custody and quarterly reporting. Divide over stablecoin reserve requirementOpinions on the reserve requirement are divided. Some industry insiders argue that the 5 billion won threshold is too high, creating a barrier for startups. Others believe a minimum capital requirement is necessary due to stablecoins' role in payments and their potential as currency substitutes. Lee Jung-yup, president of the Blockchain Law Society, stressed that stablecoins must maintain a basic level of trust, warning that those failing to meet the 5 billion won threshold could become prone to insolvency or fraud. However, Lee acknowledged concerns about the centralized regulatory approach led by financial authorities and the potential for market dominance by large corporations. He suggested exploring the creation of an independent regulatory body for cryptocurrencies, warning that overly strict regulations could stifle domestic digital finance innovation amid growing global competition. Crime surges with market growthWhile regulations continue to evolve, crypto crimes are also rising sharply amid the expanding digital asset market. According to Segye Ilbo, South Korean police arrested about 2,100 individuals for crypto-related offenses last year—17 times more than in 2017, when data collection began. The total losses from such crimes now exceed 1 trillion won ($714 million) annually. Since the election of U.S. President Donald Trump, known for his crypto-friendly stance, Korea's crypto market has experienced rapid growth. This surge has raised concerns about an increase in fraud targeting investors chasing quick profits. 

In a global effort to bolster regulatory control over the cryptocurrency sector, Asian nations feature prominently among 17 jurisdictions globally, who have implemented tighter cryptocurrency regulations in 2023. That’s the view expressed by blockchain analytics firm TRM Labs in a report published on Monday.Photo by CARTER SAUNDERS on Unsplash2023 notable for regulatory tighteningThe increased scrutiny comes on the heels of several crypto meltdowns in 2022, including the collapse of major platforms like Terraform Labs, Celsius, BlockFi and FTX, resulting in a market rout that wiped out trillions of dollars in value. The subsequent year witnessed an extraordinary surge in regulatory measures globally, with governments prioritizing consumer protection in the volatile crypto space. TRM Labs' report indicates that the jurisdictions strengthening consumer protection measures accounted for 80% of the 21 studied, representing 70% of global exposure to cryptocurrencies. As the crypto ecosystem grappled with the aftermath of the FTX collapse at the beginning of 2023, regulatory actions surged, shaping a transformative year for the industry. The TRM Labs report emphasizes that nearly half of the jurisdictions tightening crypto regulations in 2023 prioritized increasing consumer protection measures. Additionally, international organizations, including the G20, Financial Action Task Force, Financial Stability Board, International Monetary Fund and the International Organization of Securities Commissions, played a role in shaping global frameworks and policy recommendations for cryptocurrency regulation. While prominent regulatory moves included the European Union's implementation of the Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation (MiCA) in June, Asian countries were particularly active in rolling out regulatory controls and measures relative to digital asset markets.  Stronger measures in SingaporeSingapore, recognized as an early adopter of crypto regulation, took significant steps in November to curb retail speculation in cryptocurrencies. The city-state’s central bank and financial regulator, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), brought in these restrictions following a year-long public consultation process, together with a review of cryptocurrency platforms. The country set itself apart from other jurisdictions by becoming one of the first to finalize rules governing stablecoins. That regulatory action included the establishment of a comprehensive framework relative to stablecoin operations. South Korea and Australia increased scrutiny of the cryptocurrency sector, contributing to the global trend of regulatory tightening. Hong Kong licensingHong Kong introduced a new licensing regime for centralized crypto exchanges, aligning with its goal to become a global hub for virtual asset businesses. Following its major initiative in October 2022 to support the virtual asset sector, it has since implemented a mandatory licensing regime for centralized crypto exchanges, allowing them to accept retail investors. Eleven companies, including OKX, one of the largest exchanges by trading volume, have submitted applications for the license in the city. In December, Hong Kong followed Singapore’s lead, by proposing stringent rules for stablecoin issuers, prohibiting unlicensed companies from selling stablecoins to the city's retail investors through regulated channels or actively marketing their tokens within the city. These rules are considered challenging for stablecoin issuers and may potentially deter major stablecoin operators like Tether and USDC from entering the city, according to experts. As Hong Kong solidifies its regulatory stance, it positions itself alongside other major players, contributing to the global evolution of cryptocurrency oversight.