Thai Central Bank Collaborates With Singapore’s 2C2P on CBDC Pilot

Bitcoin is facing growing uncertainty as it trades near $90,000, down nearly 30% from its October peak of $126,000. While the cryptocurrency remains under pressure, investors are increasingly focused on Tokyo, where a potential change in monetary policy could tighten global liquidity. According to CoinDesk, which cited a report from Nikkei, the Bank of Japan (BOJ) is expected to raise its policy rate by 25 basis points to 0.75%, a move that would push borrowing costs to their highest level in nearly three decades. Historically, a stronger yen has often been associated with weaker Bitcoin performance amid tighter global liquidity.Photo by Kanchanara on UnsplashYen carry trade in focusThe report suggested that higher rates could unwind the yen carry trade, a strategy in which investors borrow cheap yen to fund positions in higher-yielding assets such as stocks and U.S. Treasuries. A similar dynamic played out following the Japanese central bank’s July hike, which precipitated a market-wide selloff that dragged Bitcoin from roughly $65,000 down to $50,000. However, CoinDesk noted that a recurrence of such volatility cannot be assumed. It added that speculative positioning is already skewed toward yen strength, while steadily rising Japanese bond yields suggest monetary policy is adjusting to prevailing market realities. Institutional skepticism toward BitcoinBeyond the macroeconomic landscape, fundamental skepticism remains entrenched among traditional finance heavyweights. John Ameriks, Vanguard’s global head of quantitative equity, said at Bloomberg’s ETFs in Depth conference that the asset behaves more like a speculative digital collectible, comparable to a Labubu toy, than a conventional investment, citing its lack of income generation, compounding, and cash-flow characteristics. Ameriks’ comments follow Vanguard’s move earlier this month to permit trading of select third-party crypto ETFs. He said the decision was based in part on the funds’ ability to establish a track record since their January 2024 launch. While acknowledging that Bitcoin could theoretically offer value during periods of high inflation or political instability, he maintained that its history remains too short to draw conclusions. Bullish case for BitcoinA contrasting view was offered by Katherine Dowling, president of the Bitcoin Standard Treasury Company. Speaking with DL News, Dowling projected that Bitcoin would surge to $150,000 by the end of 2026. She pinned this bullish outlook on favorable U.S. regulatory shifts, increased liquidity from Federal Reserve rate cuts, and sustained institutional adoption via ETFs.The perceived influence of institutional flows was also underscored by a recent weekly survey of 2,000 South Korean investors conducted by CoinNess and Cratos. The data showed that 42.3% of respondents view flows into and out of spot Bitcoin ETFs as the primary price driver. Monetary policies in major economies like the U.S. and Japan ranked second at 26.7%, while 16.3% pointed to shifts in equity markets. Another 11.5% attributed price action to the halving cycle, and 3.4% said they could identify no specific catalyst.

South Korea's central bank governor has called for tokenizing government bonds and other assets, telling global peers that moving sovereign debt onto a shared digital ledger could reinforce monetary policy and financial stability. Speaking at the European Central Bank's annual forum in Sintra, Portugal, Bank of Korea Governor Hyun Song Shin said central banks should look beyond tokenizing money and deposits to assets such as government bonds and equities, according to Korea Economic Daily TV. He made the case in a paper titled "A unified ledger in practice: lessons from Project Hangang," based on the BOK's pilot of the same name. Shin described a unified ledger as a blueprint for a future monetary system: central bank money, bank deposits and assets sharing one programmable platform. In an asset trade, payment and settlement sit on that single platform and clear at once, so ownership changes hands the instant payment is made.Photo by Markus Winkler on UnsplashTokenized bonds as a policy toolIn the pilot's first phase, launched in October 2023, the BOK and commercial banks issued a wholesale central bank digital currency and tokenized bank deposits to test the concept, which is drawn from the Bank for International Settlements. Shin said the exercise showed deposit tokens could serve as a new means of payment, and that programmable rules could stop funds being misused the moment a transaction is made. Putting sovereign bonds on such a ledger, he added, would reinforce the bank's key mandates of monetary policy and financial stability. A second phase, due in the second half of this year, will apply those programmable features to government spending, beginning with electric-vehicle charging subsidies and public-sector expenses. Shin also floated linking the system to Project Agora, a cross-border settlement effort backed by seven central banks, to clear foreign-exchange and securities trades in a single step and widen international use of the Korean won. Regulators eye exchange banking rulesBack home, the Financial Services Commission (FSC) moved on two fronts of its own. The regulator has begun canvassing won-based exchanges and their partner banks about the practice of tying each exchange to a single bank for real-name accounts, Financial News reported. At issue is whether the current setup could handle an influx of institutions as authorities prepare to open the market to companies. Currently, crypto exchange Upbit works only with Kbank, and Bithumb only with KB Kookmin. Regulators are now weighing whether to loosen this one-to-one arrangement, letting one exchange use several banks or one bank serve several platforms, and separately whether to route crypto services through securities firms' trading apps. The FSC also referred two manipulation cases to prosecutors, Maeil Business Newspaper reported. In the first, a whale spent tens of billions of won (tens of millions of dollars) to corner about half the global supply of a token listed at home and abroad, pumping its price on an overseas venue over roughly two months before using arbitrage to lure Korean buyers. The trader lost money offshore but booked bigger gains at home, concentrating the damage on local investors. In the second, a trader loaded up on a domestically issued "kimchi coin," then used an API to fire repeated buy and sell orders within a single second and posted inflated bids to push the price up before selling into the demand. The FSC urged investors not to chase coins that spike without clear cause, warned of pump-and-dump schemes, and said it would step up disclosure of activity by large holders and sharpen alerts for trading concentrated in a few accounts. 

USDT, the leading U.S. dollar stablecoin issued by Tether, has been highlighted as a major conduit for money laundering and scams in Southeast Asia, according to a United Nations report released on Monday.Photo by Mathias Reding on UnsplashIllicit stablecoin useThe report has been titled “Casinos, Money Laundering, Underground Banking, and Transnational Organized Crime in East and Southeast Asia: A Hidden and Accelerating Threat.” It points out that online gambling platforms, particularly those operating illicitly, are among the favored channels for cryptocurrency-based money launderers, with a notable emphasis on the use of Tether or USDT. In a foreword to the report, Jeremy Douglas, the UN’s Regional Representative for Southeast Asia and the Pacific, noted that technology had aided crime networks in Asia, and in particular, the Mekong Delta region. Developing upon that idea, he added:”This has necessitated a revolution in the regional underground banking architecture, resulting in the development of systems and infrastructure capable of moving and laundering massive volumes of state-backed fiat and cryptocurrencies.”The report itself asserts that illegal and under-regulated crypto exchanges have become “foundational pieces of the banking architecture used by organized crime.” The document highlights law enforcement efforts in disrupting multiple money laundering networks linked to the illicit transfer of Tether funds. Last August, Singaporean authorities dismantled a network through an operation, recovering approximately $735 million in both cash and cryptocurrency. ‘Pig butchering’The UN report further suggests that USDT has been extensively employed in various underground fraud activities, including so-called "pig butchering" romantic scams. Last November, Tether froze $225 million in stolen USDT following investigations by Tether in collaboration with crypto exchange OKX and the U.S. Department of Justice. The money had been held in self-custodied wallets associated with an international human trafficking group in Southeast Asia orchestrating a pig-butchering scam. In December, Tether CEO Paolo Ardoino informed U.S. legislators in a shared letter that the company has enlisted the U.S. Secret Service and Federal Bureau of Investigation onto its platform. Later that month, the Chinese authorities uncovered a massive underground banking operation that was designed to evade the country’s foreign exchange controls. There was more related activity in December when it emerged that USDT has been integrated into the shadow economy in Cambodia, against a backdrop of the currency being prohibited for the purpose of trade within the Southeast Asian country. TRM Labs reportIn July of last year, a report by blockchain analytics firm TRM Labs, found that pro-ISIS terrorist groups in Central and Southeast Asia and the Middle East are increasingly using cryptocurrency, with a particular preference for USDT transacted over the Tron blockchain network. The UN report cites the popularity of USDT among those engaged in cyber-fraud and online casino operations, located in Myanmar, along the border with Thailand. Throughout 2023, Tether witnessed a notable expansion in its share of the global stablecoin supply, growing from 50% to 71%. At the time of writing, USDT has a market cap of $95 billion with stablecoins having an overall market capitalization of $134 billion. The UN's findings raise concerns about the stablecoin's role in facilitating illicit activities and underscore the need for enhanced regulatory scrutiny within the rapidly evolving crypto landscape.