Alibaba Cloud Partners With Avalanche to Deploy Metaverses

At the Foresight 2024 Hong Kong Summit on Aug. 11, Gary Tiu, director and head of regulatory affairs for OSL, a crypto market custodian, exchange and prime brokerage, outlined in a panel discussion that the crypto exchange-traded fund (ETF) market in the Chinese autonomous territory is challenged insofar as it lacks market incentives.Photo by Cecelia Chang on UnsplashThe intermediary problemTiu’s company hosted the event, alongside Foresight News and crypto publication The Block, who reported on Tiu’s comments. The OSL executive said that when it comes to funds and structured products in Hong Kong, there’s a “very rich layer of intermediaries— brokers, banks, private banks, retail banks, etc.” involved. Tiu explained that they make a lot of money from the distribution of such products, resulting in unlisted products being marketed far more effectively by comparison with listed products. It’s against that backdrop of misaligned incentives that Tiu identifies challenges for crypto ETFs on the public markets in Hong Kong. He stated: “So I think the incentive system in Hong Kong is one of the reasons why ETFs do have a bit of a hard time growing as a financial instrument.” In the case of ETFs, the OSL executive explained that equity brokers take just a few basis points in commission, only about 1-2% of what they make on the sale of structured products. Bias against Bitcoin and EtherTiu is also of the belief that cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ether have a reputational problem among Hong Kong’s investment community, stating: “I think there is still a bit of a bias in the eyes of the regulators and also in the eyes of the financial institutions, that somehow bitcoin ETF is just this unique class of risk that you need to be extra cautious about.” Chen Zhao, who heads up the digital assets section of Hong Kong-based independent financial advisory firm Fosun Wealth, chimed in with his own concerns. According to Zhao, the crypto ETF products currently marketed in Hong Kong are lacking in terms of the depth of dealers and brokers offering the products. Zhao explained that there are three main types of market participant active on the Hong Kong markets, namely western institutions, Hong Kong-based institutions and their counterparts from mainland China.  Zhao stated: “Chinese brokers and dealers, they’re not allowed or they choose not to deal with the product, and for the western financial institutions, they don’t have the necessity of dealing the products because they acquire more fees and incentives, and have easier access to the U.S. ETFs.” While progress is far more modest by comparison with the U.S. market, the Hong Kong crypto ETF market continues to develop, with spot Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs setting a record trading volume last week. In the same week, Mox Bank, a subsidiary of British banking multinational Standard Chartered, launched trading services relative to spot Bitcoin and Ethereum ETF products in Hong Kong. Last month, OSL CEO Patrick Pan, anticipated that an Ethereum ETF product that incorporated staking would launch in Hong Kong within six months. Many commentators have suggested that institutional interest in Ethereum ETFs will begin in earnest once a yield-producing staking product hits the market.

Thai Central Bank Collaborates With Singapore’s 2C2P on CBDC PilotThe Bank of Thailand is set to commence a pilot project for a retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) within a regulatory sandbox later this month.Three participating fintech firmsThat’s according to local media, with reports suggesting that three payment providers will participate in the project, which is expected to involve up to 10,000 users and run until August.The scheme will involve two Thai banks, Bank of Ayudhya (Krungsri), Thailand’s fifth largest bank, and Siam Commercial Bank. Singapore-based payments service provider 2C2P will also collaborate with the Thai central bank on the CBDC initiative. 2C2P is a global payments platform which helps businesses to accept payments securely online, on mobile, and in-store. Each organization has developed an app exclusively available to selected users, encompassing a digital wallet and a QR code scanner.Krungsri plans to engage up to 2,000 staff members and approximately 100 merchants in the project, focusing on locations around the bank’s headquarters. Furthermore, the project will expand to include the Ploenchit branch.Photo by Florian Wehde on UnsplashMaintaining relevanceBanks are having to embrace the need to adapt to the eventuality of developments like CBDCs as, depending upon how they’re implemented, they could render some banking products obsolete. Sam Tanskul, the Managing Director of Krungsri Finnovate, a division of the Thai banking business that focuses on strategic investments, expressed the need for the bank to establish a distinct strategy for differentiating the retail CBDC from its existing PromptPay mobile payments service.Siam Commercial Bank’s pilot project will operate in a similar manner to Krungsri’s, involving staff members and nearby merchants as participants. The Bank of Thailand has emphasized that the project aims to facilitate learning rather than serve as an official pilot launch. At present, the central bank has not disclosed any official plans to implement a CBDC.Wholesale and retail CBDCsThe Bank of Thailand commenced the development of a wholesale CBDC back in 2018. It has actively participated in various projects such as the Bank for International Settlements’ (BIS) mBridge cross-border payment initiative and the Project Inthanon-Lion Rock collaboration with the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA).In a move to foster the growth of the digital token market, Thailand waived corporate income tax and value-added tax for companies issuing investment tokens in March. While this decision is expected to result in an approximate loss of $1 billion in revenue for the country, it is projected that investment tokens will generate $3.7 billion over the next two years, as stated by a government spokesperson.The Bank of Thailand’s forthcoming retail CBDC pilot project is one of a plethora of such projects being pursued throughout the Asia-Pacific region. In Japan, the Bank of Japan recently completed the second phase of a proof of concept project relative to its CBDC, with the project now progressing to phase three. Last month, it emerged that the Bank of Korea is collaborating with Samsung Electronics relative to its CBDC project. Meanwhile, India is progressing further in trialing its CBDC, while China is further along the development curve than all others in that respect.

South Korea's central bank governor has called for tokenizing government bonds and other assets, telling global peers that moving sovereign debt onto a shared digital ledger could reinforce monetary policy and financial stability. Speaking at the European Central Bank's annual forum in Sintra, Portugal, Bank of Korea Governor Hyun Song Shin said central banks should look beyond tokenizing money and deposits to assets such as government bonds and equities, according to Korea Economic Daily TV. He made the case in a paper titled "A unified ledger in practice: lessons from Project Hangang," based on the BOK's pilot of the same name. Shin described a unified ledger as a blueprint for a future monetary system: central bank money, bank deposits and assets sharing one programmable platform. In an asset trade, payment and settlement sit on that single platform and clear at once, so ownership changes hands the instant payment is made.Photo by Markus Winkler on UnsplashTokenized bonds as a policy toolIn the pilot's first phase, launched in October 2023, the BOK and commercial banks issued a wholesale central bank digital currency and tokenized bank deposits to test the concept, which is drawn from the Bank for International Settlements. Shin said the exercise showed deposit tokens could serve as a new means of payment, and that programmable rules could stop funds being misused the moment a transaction is made. Putting sovereign bonds on such a ledger, he added, would reinforce the bank's key mandates of monetary policy and financial stability. A second phase, due in the second half of this year, will apply those programmable features to government spending, beginning with electric-vehicle charging subsidies and public-sector expenses. Shin also floated linking the system to Project Agora, a cross-border settlement effort backed by seven central banks, to clear foreign-exchange and securities trades in a single step and widen international use of the Korean won. Regulators eye exchange banking rulesBack home, the Financial Services Commission (FSC) moved on two fronts of its own. The regulator has begun canvassing won-based exchanges and their partner banks about the practice of tying each exchange to a single bank for real-name accounts, Financial News reported. At issue is whether the current setup could handle an influx of institutions as authorities prepare to open the market to companies. Currently, crypto exchange Upbit works only with Kbank, and Bithumb only with KB Kookmin. Regulators are now weighing whether to loosen this one-to-one arrangement, letting one exchange use several banks or one bank serve several platforms, and separately whether to route crypto services through securities firms' trading apps. The FSC also referred two manipulation cases to prosecutors, Maeil Business Newspaper reported. In the first, a whale spent tens of billions of won (tens of millions of dollars) to corner about half the global supply of a token listed at home and abroad, pumping its price on an overseas venue over roughly two months before using arbitrage to lure Korean buyers. The trader lost money offshore but booked bigger gains at home, concentrating the damage on local investors. In the second, a trader loaded up on a domestically issued "kimchi coin," then used an API to fire repeated buy and sell orders within a single second and posted inflated bids to push the price up before selling into the demand. The FSC urged investors not to chase coins that spike without clear cause, warned of pump-and-dump schemes, and said it would step up disclosure of activity by large holders and sharpen alerts for trading concentrated in a few accounts.