Bhutan Quietly Mining Bitcoin Since $5,000

Strengthened KYC Spurs More Suspicious Transaction Reports from Korean Crypto ExchangesIn South Korea this year, there has been a significant surge in the number of suspicious transaction reports (STRs) related to cryptocurrencies, according to local news agency Yonhap.This increase is primarily attributed to cryptocurrency exchanges fortifying their Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures. This proactive response follows the controversy surrounding lawmaker Kim Nam-kuk’s significant virtual asset holdings, which were unveiled in May. His scandal came to light when a substantial amount of WEMIX tokens, valued in billions of Korean won, were transferred from the Bithumb exchange to the Upbit exchange. Upbit, deeming it a suspicious transaction, promptly reported the matter to the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) of the Financial Services Commission (FSC).Photo by ron dyar on UnsplashGrowing number of suspicious transaction reportsAs the scandal continued to gain traction, the political realm reached a consensus to conduct investigations into the cryptocurrency holdings of all lawmakers. Additionally, the National Human Rights Commission of Korea initiated the tracking of all lawmakers’ cryptocurrency holdings last month, a process set to span 90 days.Data received by lawmaker Yoon Young-deok on October 30 from the FIU reveals that the number of STRs originating from virtual asset service providers (VASPs) has reached 11,646 in the first nine months of this year. This figure has already exceeded last year’s total of 10,797 STRs.Under the current Act on Reporting and Using Specified Financial Transaction Information, commonly referred to as the Financial Transaction Reporting Act, VASPs are mandated to report to the FIU if they have reasonable grounds to suspect that a customer’s financial transactions are connected to illicit property, money laundering, or terrorist financing. The Act has been in full effect since October 2021.In 2021, a total of 199 reports were submitted under this Act. The number of reports surged to over 10,000 the following year, and in the current year, it continues to grow at an even faster rate. The FIU reviews and analyzes these STRs in accordance with Article 10 of the Financial Transaction Reporting Act. It forwards the relevant information to law enforcement agencies only when it is deemed necessary for the investigation of a specific criminal case.Enhanced but varied approaches by exchangesCrypto exchanges have bolstered their customer verification requirements, especially for customers deemed to have a high risk of involvement in money laundering, in accordance with the Financial Transaction Reporting Act. This entails the need for additional scrutiny of the source of funds and the purpose behind transactions. Notably, if customer verification appears suspicious, exchanges are mandated to confirm the authenticity of the information using reliable documents.However, it’s important to note that the enforcement decree accompanying this Act grants exchanges the flexibility to verify documents based on their own business guidelines. This autonomy has been provided to assist exchanges in effectively mitigating money laundering risks by taking into account their individual business rights and characteristics.For instance, Upbit, South Korea’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, has implemented a fraud detection system (FDS) powered by artificial intelligence to continuously monitor and identify fraudulent transactions. This initiative has earned Upbit recognition from the FIU as an outstanding organization for reporting suspicious transactions during the first half of this year.On the contrary, Bithumb has devised and applies internal guidelines dedicated to anti-money laundering (AML) measures. The exchange has instituted a streamlined customer verification process for customers who are assessed as having a low likelihood of being engaged in money laundering activities. However, this simplified process is not extended to individuals from countries that have not adopted the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).Korbit monitors information related to customer verification through a dedicated department. It declines transactions for customers who have not undergone sufficient verification and validation procedures.Coinone’s AML department examines customer transactions comprehensively. It maintains ongoing reviews of customer information, business operations, risk assessments, and the source of funds. If any of these aspects are found to be suspicious or inadequate, the AML department proceeds with additional customer verification, including the disclosure of the source of funds.Some raise concerns about the inconsistency in customer verification standards for AML and STRs across different exchanges. When one exchange flags a transaction as suspicious, another might see it as routine. Such discrepancies highlight the need for uniform guidelines. Addressing this, the Digital Asset eXchange Association (DAXA), consisting of Korea’s five leading currency exchanges — Upbit, Bithumb, Coinone, Korbit, and Gopax — has set up an AML division to devise standardized rules for STRs.

Bakkt, an American digital asset custodian and trading firm, has acquired a stake in Marusho Hotta, a Japanese textile firm, as part of a new crypto treasury strategy which the company adopted recently. The firm, which was established in 2018 and is 55% owned by Intercontinental Exchange, the owner of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), published a statement on its website on Aug. 6, outlining that it had acquired a 30% stake in Marusho Hotta. The textile firm, a publicly-listed company on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE: 8105), is both a manufacturer and distributor of yarn and bedding, as well as Japanese and Western clothing.Photo by 🇸🇮 Janko Ferlič on Unsplash‘bitcoin.jp’As a result of the transaction, Bakkt International President Phillip Lord will become CEO of Marusho Hotta, and the company will be renamed as “bitcoin.jp.” Akshay Naheta, co-CEO of Bakkt, commented on the development, stating: "Japan's regulatory environment creates an ideal platform for a Bitcoin-centered growth business. We look forward to working with MHT's team to integrate Bitcoin into their operating and financial model and to establish MHT as a leading Bitcoin treasury company." Back in June, it emerged that Bakkt was working towards raising $1 billion from investors, providing the first indication that the firm was moving towards pursuing a crypto treasury strategy. A filing lodged with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) at the time stated:“We may acquire Bitcoin or other digital assets using excess cash, proceeds from future equity or debt financings, or other capital sources, subject to the limitation set forth in our Investment Policy.” The company went on to outline that the timing and magnitude of any such crypto purchases would depend upon market conditions at the time, capital market receptivity, the firm’s business performance and other strategic considerations. Given the credentials within traditional finance of the company’s owners, the arrival of Bakkt in 2018 was seen as a significant event within the crypto sector. However, the firm’s journey has not been an easy one. It started out by trying to appeal to retail users and bring about real-world use of cryptocurrency. It established an app and a partnership with Starbucks, which looked to bring crypto into mainstream use in terms of everyday payments.However, that partnership fizzled out and in 2024 a filing lodged by the company with the SEC revealed that the company’s position was challenging, with it warning that it “might not be able to continue as a going concern.” When the business first launched, it aspired to bring Bitcoin to 401(k) retirement accounts in the U.S. It may have been ahead of its time in that regard as it had to contend with Donald Trump’s first term as president when he wasn’t particularly pro-crypto and a distinctly anti-crypto Biden administration immediately afterwards. It is only now, seven years after the founding of Bakkt, that the current Trump administration is finally moving to allow crypto investment to form part of 401(k) plans. More recently the firm had concentrated on catering to the needs of institutional investors but faced further turmoil earlier this year when it lost two customers who allegedly made up 73% of Bakkt’s revenue.

Hong Kong and Kazakhstan Pilot SWIFT’s CBDC SolutionCentral bank digital currency (CBDC) development globally is unrelenting, with the latest iteration of that involving global financial messaging network SWIFT.The global member-owned cooperative recently disclosed that three central banks are currently participating in beta-testing of this revolutionary solution, including the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) and the National Bank of Kazakhstan.Photo by NASA on UnsplashBuilding upon initial successThe company provided details on the initiative via a press release published to its website on Wednesday. Simultaneously, an extended consortium of over 30 financial institutions is embarking on sandbox experiments to explore a multitude of potential use cases.The impetus behind SWIFT’s commitment to CBDC interoperability grew stronger after a successful round of sandbox testing. Participants in the initial phase quickly recognized the potential and intrinsic value of SWIFT’s solution.Building on this success, the beta version of SWIFT’s CBDC connector solution is now being integrated into the infrastructure of three central banks and monetary authorities.Second phase testingIn tandem with the beta testing, SWIFT has inaugurated a second phase of sandbox experiments, drawing in a consortium of commercial banks, central banks, and financial market infrastructure providers. This phase is dedicated to exploring an array of use cases, ranging from trigger-based payments for digital trade platforms to foreign exchange models, delivery vs. payment mechanisms, and liquidity-saving techniques.Eighteen central and commercial banks had taken part in the first phase of those sandbox experiments. Equally, the second phase has attracted a long list of entities, including the Reserve Bank of Australia, Deutsche Bundesbank, HKMA, Bank of Thailand, CLS, and others. With thirty leading global financial institutions participating in this latest testing round, that makes for a 66% increase in participation by comparison with the first phase. Their collective input and collaboration will contribute towards shaping the future landscape where CBDCs are concerned.Tom Zschach, Chief Innovation Officer at SWIFT, commented on the use of the technology in bridging from existing systems, stating:“The financial community has already recognized the strong potential of our CBDC innovations for preventing digital islands while securely bridging the payment systems of today and the future.”Global hotbed of innovationThe American think tank, the Atlantic Council, has been tracking CDBC projects on a global basis. Its endeavors in that respect demonstrate the expansive efforts that are being made to develop this technology.19 of the G20 countries are in advanced stages of CBDC development, with nine already in pilot phases. While this proliferation signifies the growing importance of CBDCs on the global stage, it also raises concerns about potential fragmentation as countries predominantly focus on domestic usage.SWIFT has taken a proactive stance in addressing the potential challenges of a fragmented CBDC landscape. The company embarked on its CBDC journey over 18 months ago, with the initial sandbox phase simulating nearly 5,000 transactions between different blockchain networks and existing fiat-based payment systems.