South Korea and OECD hold roundtable on ASEAN digital finance

Strengthened KYC Spurs More Suspicious Transaction Reports from Korean Crypto ExchangesIn South Korea this year, there has been a significant surge in the number of suspicious transaction reports (STRs) related to cryptocurrencies, according to local news agency Yonhap.This increase is primarily attributed to cryptocurrency exchanges fortifying their Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures. This proactive response follows the controversy surrounding lawmaker Kim Nam-kuk’s significant virtual asset holdings, which were unveiled in May. His scandal came to light when a substantial amount of WEMIX tokens, valued in billions of Korean won, were transferred from the Bithumb exchange to the Upbit exchange. Upbit, deeming it a suspicious transaction, promptly reported the matter to the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) of the Financial Services Commission (FSC).Photo by ron dyar on UnsplashGrowing number of suspicious transaction reportsAs the scandal continued to gain traction, the political realm reached a consensus to conduct investigations into the cryptocurrency holdings of all lawmakers. Additionally, the National Human Rights Commission of Korea initiated the tracking of all lawmakers’ cryptocurrency holdings last month, a process set to span 90 days.Data received by lawmaker Yoon Young-deok on October 30 from the FIU reveals that the number of STRs originating from virtual asset service providers (VASPs) has reached 11,646 in the first nine months of this year. This figure has already exceeded last year’s total of 10,797 STRs.Under the current Act on Reporting and Using Specified Financial Transaction Information, commonly referred to as the Financial Transaction Reporting Act, VASPs are mandated to report to the FIU if they have reasonable grounds to suspect that a customer’s financial transactions are connected to illicit property, money laundering, or terrorist financing. The Act has been in full effect since October 2021.In 2021, a total of 199 reports were submitted under this Act. The number of reports surged to over 10,000 the following year, and in the current year, it continues to grow at an even faster rate. The FIU reviews and analyzes these STRs in accordance with Article 10 of the Financial Transaction Reporting Act. It forwards the relevant information to law enforcement agencies only when it is deemed necessary for the investigation of a specific criminal case.Enhanced but varied approaches by exchangesCrypto exchanges have bolstered their customer verification requirements, especially for customers deemed to have a high risk of involvement in money laundering, in accordance with the Financial Transaction Reporting Act. This entails the need for additional scrutiny of the source of funds and the purpose behind transactions. Notably, if customer verification appears suspicious, exchanges are mandated to confirm the authenticity of the information using reliable documents.However, it’s important to note that the enforcement decree accompanying this Act grants exchanges the flexibility to verify documents based on their own business guidelines. This autonomy has been provided to assist exchanges in effectively mitigating money laundering risks by taking into account their individual business rights and characteristics.For instance, Upbit, South Korea’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, has implemented a fraud detection system (FDS) powered by artificial intelligence to continuously monitor and identify fraudulent transactions. This initiative has earned Upbit recognition from the FIU as an outstanding organization for reporting suspicious transactions during the first half of this year.On the contrary, Bithumb has devised and applies internal guidelines dedicated to anti-money laundering (AML) measures. The exchange has instituted a streamlined customer verification process for customers who are assessed as having a low likelihood of being engaged in money laundering activities. However, this simplified process is not extended to individuals from countries that have not adopted the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).Korbit monitors information related to customer verification through a dedicated department. It declines transactions for customers who have not undergone sufficient verification and validation procedures.Coinone’s AML department examines customer transactions comprehensively. It maintains ongoing reviews of customer information, business operations, risk assessments, and the source of funds. If any of these aspects are found to be suspicious or inadequate, the AML department proceeds with additional customer verification, including the disclosure of the source of funds.Some raise concerns about the inconsistency in customer verification standards for AML and STRs across different exchanges. When one exchange flags a transaction as suspicious, another might see it as routine. Such discrepancies highlight the need for uniform guidelines. Addressing this, the Digital Asset eXchange Association (DAXA), consisting of Korea’s five leading currency exchanges — Upbit, Bithumb, Coinone, Korbit, and Gopax — has set up an AML division to devise standardized rules for STRs.

Abu Dhabi Puts Forward Legal Framework for Decentralized TechAuthorities in Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as well as an individual emirate within it, have published a proposed legislative framework for distributed ledger technology.©Pexels/redouan khoulassiThe consultation paper, titled “Proposal for a legislative framework for distributed technology foundations” was published earlier this month by the Abu Dhabi Global Market’s (ADGM) Registration Authority.Promoting investor protectionThe document covers a broad spectrum of aspects relative to digital assets and crypto entities, including corporate governance, insolvency and restructuring considerations, and data protection. The ADGM’s objective with the proposed policy is to advance investor protection, improve market integrity and efficiency, and build towards a comprehensive regulatory framework.Specific proposalsMore specifically, the policy would implicate an enhancement in the protection of whistle-blowers who report misconduct relative to ADGM-regulated companies. Under the proposal, new rules would be introduced to ensure that digital asset platforms operate in a fair and transparent manner. A requirement would be placed on regulated companies to disclose detailed information in relation to beneficial ownership and control structures. Furthermore, the policy seeks to bring about an improved dispute resolution process between the stakeholders involved in ADGM-regulated transactions.Building upon an existing frameworkThe Abu Dhabi regulator’s current legal framework is built upon English common law. It has its own financial services regulator, the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA) which operates independently and is responsible for supervising and licensing financial institutions and market participants. The FSRA takes a principles-based approach, regulating those market actors attempting to maintain financial stability and integrity, promote market competition and innovation and ensure customer protection.ADGM has sought to act on an international basis by signing agreements with regulatory bodies in the UK, Hong Kong and Singapore, in an effort to enable information sharing and cross-border cooperation.Regulatory activityAt a national level, earlier this year the UAE enacted a digital assets regulatory framework. Earlier this week, the UAE also revealed a federal licensing system for crypto companies. In February, work began on a $2 billion initiative to nurture blockchain and Web3 startups via Hub71, the emirate’s tech ecosystem. The initiative provides startups with access to a broad range of support services as well as potential collaborations with government and investment partners.According to the document, “this Consultation Paper is of interest to any persons operating or planning DLT projects, persons engaging in digital asset-related activities and their legal advisors, as well as DLT participants, associations, and stakeholders.”With that, the ADGM is inviting comments and feedback from members of the public on the proposed changes contained within the consultation paper. To aid public comment, the policy document includes a number of questions that it invites stakeholders to consider as they work towards submitting their feedback.Those interested have until May 12 to take the opportunity to submit their comments and views relative to the Abu Dhabi regulator’s proposed framework.

While global cryptocurrency sentiment remains subdued, authorities and state-linked investors in Abu Dhabi are deepening their engagement with digital assets through expanded regulation and increased capital allocation. On Dec. 8, stablecoin issuer Tether and cryptocurrency exchange Binance announced they had secured regulatory approvals from the Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM), the international financial center and free economic zone in the UAE capital. The moves signal a continued effort by the United Arab Emirates to integrate blockchain technology into its formal financial system, creating a contrast with the broader market’s current “extreme fear” rating of 22 on the Alternative Fear and Greed Index.Photo by DrawKit Illustrations on UnsplashTether, Ripple stablecoins approvedTether confirmed that its USDT stablecoin has been designated as an Accepted Fiat-Referenced Token within the ADGM. This status allows financial entities licensed by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA) to conduct regulated activities involving USDT across a broader range of blockchain networks, including Aptos, Celo, Cosmos, Kaia, Near, Polkadot, Tezos, TON, and TRON. The approval builds on previous authorizations for USDT on Ethereum, Solana, and Avalanche, and follows the FSRA’s recognition of Ripple’s RLUSD stablecoin last month. Binance fully cleared for regulated launch Simultaneously, Binance announced it has secured full authorization from the FSRA to operate a regulated platform within the financial center. Pending final operational preparations, Binance is scheduled to commence regulated activities on Jan. 5, 2026. The exchange will operate in Abu Dhabi through a three-entity structure that separates key functions, mirroring traditional financial infrastructure. Nest Exchange Limited (currently Nest Services) will function as the regulated arm for spot and derivatives trading, while Nest Clearing and Custody Limited will manage clearing and settlement. Broker-dealer activities will be handled by a third entity, Nest Trading Limited (currently BCI Limited). Circle awarded FSP for paymentsMore recently, Circle, the issuer of the USDC stablecoin, announced the receipt of a Financial Services Permission (FSP) license from the FSRA. The license allows Circle to act as a Money Services Provider within Abu Dhabi’s International Financial Centre (IFC), enabling it to support regulated payment and settlement services for businesses, developers, and financial institutions across the UAE. Circle has been expanding its regulatory presence in the region throughout the year. In February, the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) recognized the company’s USDC and EURC tokens as permitted crypto assets under its virtual asset framework. This regulatory expansion comes amid the UAE’s efforts to develop a comprehensive financial compliance framework. A recent report by the Global Finance & Technology Network identified the UAE as one of seven jurisdictions globally that meet three core standards for anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing compliance. Those standards include know-your-customer (KYC) and identity verification, suspicious transaction reporting, and implementation of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Travel Rule. Institutional capital inflows riseIn parallel with the regulatory push, investment vehicles linked to the Abu Dhabi government have increased their exposure to digital assets. Bloomberg reported that in the third quarter, the Abu Dhabi Investment Council, a Mubadala subsidiary, increased its position in BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF more than threefold to nearly eight million shares. Separately, the Royal Group, an investment firm associated with the Abu Dhabi royal family, currently holds roughly 6,516 Bitcoin, according to Arkham data. An earlier Crypto Briefing report noted that this acquisition was carried out through its majority-owned subsidiary, Citadel Mining. These simultaneous developments in licensing and capital allocation suggest a coordinated strategy to establish Abu Dhabi as a hub for institutional digital assets, with a focus on long-term infrastructure despite current market fragility.