Japan targets 2028 for crypto ETF approval as global markets weigh U.S. risks

GRVT Debuts zkSync’s Inaugural ‘Hyperchain’GRVT, the hybrid crypto exchange incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, is all set to debut as zkSync’s inaugural “hyperchain,” marking a significant milestone in the zkSync ecosystem’s evolution.zkSync represents Ethereum’s second layer solution offering cheaper and faster transactions.Photo by Shubham Dhage on UnsplashCombining CEX and DEX qualitiesPronounced “gravity,” GRVT is an innovative platform that attempts to seamlessly blend the advantages of centralized and decentralized exchanges. It promises users a Robinhood-like experience while integrating self-custodial features akin to Uniswap-style exchanges. Matter Labs, the developer brains behind zkSync, shared news of GRVT's imminent project milestone in an interview with The Block.The introduction of GRVT as the first Hyperchain within the zkSync ecosystem has broadened the horizons of potential applications for this technology, according to Matter Labs. The project stated:“There is nothing like GRVT being built, not in the zkSync ecosystem nor outside of it. By being able to design and deploy custom hyperchains connected through hyperbridges, teams like GRVT’s can build entirely new use cases.”The ability to design and deploy custom hyperchains connected via hyperbridges opens the door to entirely new use cases, affording projects like GRVT the freedom to explore innovative possibilities.A layer 3 ValidiumGRVT will play a role as a Layer 3 Validium within the zkSync ecosystem. Validiums are Ethereum scaling networks that bear similarities to zk-rollups found in Layer 2 solutions. The critical differentiator is in how they handle data. Zk-rollups maintain data on-chain, whereas Validiums securely store it off-chain. This approach enhances user security by safeguarding against front-running and market manipulation.GRVT’s alpha version is set to make its debut next month, followed by the mainnet release in the first quarter of the upcoming year. Promising a transaction speed of up to 600,000 trades per second and less than two milliseconds of latency, GRVT leverages zkSync’s “horizontally scaling” infrastructure to deliver enhanced performance.Explaining the concept of horizontally scaling, Hong Yea, GRVT’s co-founder and CEO, told The Block:“Horizontally scaling means to deploy additional underlying pairs as new hyperchains. Say BTC/USDT perpetual futures is one hyperchain and so on. And we can look to add other infrastructure components like this as new hyperchains to scale throughout, as they can interoperate. This allows high-frequency traders to trade more efficiently with high transactions per second similar to a central exchange.”Token launchGRVT enjoys the backing of CMS Holdings, Hong Kong’s digital assets wealth manager Metalpha, alongside Matter Labs and others. Yea founded the company alongside CTO Aaron Ong and CCO Matthew Quek. Although incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, the firm employs people who are based in Hong Kong, the UK, Lithuania, and Singapore.It recently disclosed that it had successfully raised $7.1 million in pre-seed and seed funding in an equity with a token warrant round, achieving a $39 million post-money valuation. The launch of GRVT’s token is anticipated in 2024.GRVT is also making a concerted effort to obtain trading licenses in various jurisdictions. Currently, it has attained a virtual asset service provider (VASP) license in Lithuania, with work ongoing to achieve licensing in Bermuda. The firm hopes to then expand in Europe and the Middle East going forward.

India’s RBI Collaborates Internationally on Digital Rupee PaymentsIndia’s Reserve Bank (RBI) is expanding its exploration of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) by focusing on cross-border functionality, despite its cautious approach to CBDC development.The RBI aims to experiment with various use cases for CBDCs in international payments, as it believes this can enhance the efficiency of cross-border transactions. That’s according to a report which was recently published by local media source, the Economic Times. RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das emphasized the potential benefits of quicker, seamless, and cost-effective cross-border payments. The RBI is actively engaging in dialogue with other central banks that have already implemented or are planning to introduce CBDCs.Photo by rupixen.com on UnsplashUAE collaborationIn collaboration with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the RBI is promoting joint studies on using CBDCs for settling international payments. The partnership is driven by the high volume of remittances between the two countries, a consequence of the large number of Indian migrants in the UAE.These recent developments follow the RBI’s retail and wholesale CBDC pilot programs, which began just seven months ago. Although the retail pilot attracted 50,000 users within 60 days, the RBI remains committed to a gradual and cautious approach to mitigate potential risks.Onboarding one million CBDC usersWhile expanding the pilot program to new cities, the RBI aims to onboard one million CBDC users within the coming weeks, despite the digital rupee currently having a very low circulation level. On the wholesale side, the RBI’s pilot has shown promising results, with the digital rupee being explored for government bond transactions, money market funds, and short-term lending.RBI Deputy Governor T. Rabi Sankar emphasized the importance of exploring multiple use cases for CBDCs, including account-based CBDCs. The RBI aims to offer as many applications for CBDCs as possible while ensuring the existing National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) and other systems are not disrupted.Global surge in CBDC developmentThe surge in CBDC development worldwide can be attributed to various factors. The imposition of sanctions on Russia following its invasion of Ukraine led to a significant increase in wholesale CBDC initiatives as Russia sought alternatives to bypass the sanctions.Additionally, the diminishing use of cash and the rise of dollarization and cryptocurrency adoption in local economies have motivated over 120 central banks to initiate CBDC research. These central banks are attracted by the potential benefits of financial inclusion and the opportunity to address the decline in cash usage.India has been selective in terms of the aspects of digital asset technology it wants to see further developed within its borders. At a recent conference organized by the RBI, a central bank official called on Indian banks to adopt blockchain technology. When it comes to stablecoins, the central bank is apprehensive, warning of associated risks while calling for global regulation.As India’s RBI continues its CBDC exploration, the focus on cross-border functionality underscores the growing recognition of CBDCs as a transformative tool for international payments. The ongoing collaborations and pilots demonstrate India’s level of interest in staying at the forefront of CBDC development while taking measured steps to ensure a secure and efficient transition to digital currency.

Temasek Cuts Pay Following FTX AutopsySingaporean state-owned investment firm, Temasek Holdings, has announced a reduction in compensation for executives responsible for the company’s investment in the now-defunct cryptocurrency exchange FTX. Temasek, once the second-largest outside investor in FTX, faced scrutiny after the collapse of the exchange.Photo by Emilio Takas on UnsplashNo misconduct findingOn May 29, Temasek released a statement confirming the completion of its internal review of the $275 million investment loss incurred from FTX. The review determined that there was “no misconduct” within the company. However, both the investment team and senior management took “collective accountability” and experienced a reduction in their compensation.While acknowledging the inherent risks associated with any investment, Temasek emphasized the importance of continuing to invest in new sectors and emerging technologies to understand their potential impact on the business and financial models of existing portfolios. They recognized the need to adapt to an ever-changing world and explore avenues that could drive future value.It’s worth noting that the $275 million loss from the FTX investment constituted only 0.09% of Temasek’s portfolio value, which stood at over $293 billion at the time of the collapse.Temasek maintained that it conducted extensive due diligence before investing in FTX, emphasizing its commitment to a thorough review process. Chairman Lim Boon Heng stated in a May 29 interview with Bloomberg that there was fraudulent conduct intentionally hidden from investors, including Temasek. The negative outcome of the investment has been disappointing for the company and has had a significant impact on its reputation.Reputational damageSingapore Deputy Prime Minister Lawrence Wong echoed similar sentiments, highlighting the financial loss and reputational damage caused by the FTX collapse during a parliamentary meeting in November 2022.During the due diligence process, Temasek reviewed FTX’s financial statements, assessed regulatory risks related to financial service providers in the cryptocurrency market, and sought legal advice. The company also engaged with individuals who had firsthand knowledge of FTX, including employees, investors, and industry participants.In recent news, Temasek addressed and dismissed rumors about a $10 million investment in Array, a developer of algorithmic currency systems based on smart contracts and artificial intelligence. The company clarified that such reports were incorrect, refuting the circulating news articles and tweets.Temasek’s internal review process is certainly a move towards transparency and accountability. It indicates a willingness towards addressing the matter. That said, there are FTX creditor groups who fervently disagree with Temasek’s analysis.Class action lawsuitEarlier this year a number of FTX creditors filed a class action lawsuit against a number of venture capital (VC) firms, including Temasek. The FTX customers maintain that Temasek and others played a role in a conspiracy to defraud them. Venture capital firms have countered with the view that they themselves were victims as a consequence of the FTX collapse, suffering multi-million dollar losses.The fact remains that VCs get much further involved than merely handing over a check. They get involved with marketing, operations, and many other facets of the businesses of their portfolio companies. Meanwhile, other creditors suggest that Temasek has a responsibility to do right by the 1.4 million FTX creditors (a disproportionate number of them being Singapore-based) and to invest in a restructured FTX business, an option that represents the best opportunity for FTX customers to recover their funds.Temasek may have reached certain conclusions by way of their internal report on the matter but this is not likely to be the final analysis relative to its involvement in the fall of FTX.