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The unspent transaction output, or UTXO, model, a core part of Bitcoin’s transaction structure, plays an important role in preventing double spending and enabling transaction privacy, according to an analysis by on-chain analytics platform Arkham. Arkham said UTXO tracks individual unspent transaction outputs rather than managing a total balance like a bank account. That structure helps prevent the same asset from being spent more than once without a central authority. The model is also used by Litecoin (LTC), Dogecoin (DOGE) and Zcash (ZEC), Arkham said. Combined with proper address management, including the use of a new address for each transaction, UTXO can also strengthen transaction privacy. Arkham described UTXO as a core element underpinning Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin design.

Circle, the issuer of the dollar-pegged stablecoin USDC, has issued about 4 billion USDC on the Solana network over the past seven days, SolanaFloor reported. It was not confirmed whether the issuance included asset transfers from other blockchains or led to an increase in USDC circulation on Solana.

Bitmine said it bought an additional 10,452 ETH over the past week, raising its holdings to 6,051,933 ETH. The total equals 4.95% of Ethereum’s total supply, while the company’s combined holdings, including crypto, cash and marketable securities, stand at about $15 billion. Of its total ETH holdings, 5.23 million ETH is currently staked.

Crypto-linked stocks were broadly lower in U.S. premarket trading. Circle (CRCL) fell 2.88%, SharpLink (SBET) declined 2.62%, Bitmine (BMNR) dropped 2.23%, and Strive (ASST) was down 1.92%. Coinbase (COIN) fell 1.37%, Strategy (MSTR) slipped 1.34%, and Robinhood (HOOD) lost 0.92%.

Blockchain application tokens centered on high-quality projects could emerge as viable investment targets despite weakness in the crypto market, according to a Real Vision crypto market analyst Jamie Coutts analysis. Coutts said application tokens had previously underperformed amid selling pressure from token unlocks, speculative demand and regulatory uncertainty, but recent shifts tied to the GENIUS Act and changes in the regulatory stance of the U.S. SEC and CFTC are creating conditions for broader entry by traditional financial institutions into onchain markets.

Pump.fun, a Solana-based memecoin issuance and trading platform, said on its official X account that its app now supports integration with X Layer. The company said the update lets users trade all X Layer-based tokens with a single USDC balance, without manual bridging or switching wallets.

A large call options trade betting on a rise in Bitcoin was recorded on on-chain options platform Derive, CoinDesk reported. According to Derive, a single address bought 800 BTC call option contracts with a $90,000 strike price and a Nov. 6 expiry on Oct. 20. Each contract is tied to one BTC, putting the total notional value at about $68 million. Derive said this is the platform’s largest single open Bitcoin position. The trade suggests the trader is betting on a BTC price increase after the U.S. midterm elections in early November. CoinDesk added that options bets expecting BTC to break above $100,000 by Christmas are also increasing.

Strive said it bought an additional 6,182 BTC for $511.4 million at an average purchase price of $82,732, raising its total holdings to 43,000 BTC. The latest purchase pushed Strive past MARA Holdings into fourth place among corporate Bitcoin holders.

Strive said in a filing with the U.S. SEC that it plans to issue up to $1 billion in additional Series A perpetual preferred stock, known as SATS, with a 15% annual dividend, as part of its Bitcoin accumulation strategy. The company signed a sales agreement on Oct. 26 with seven financial institutions including Cantor Fitzgerald, Barclays, Clear Street and StoneX, and plans to sell the preferred shares from time to time at market prices depending on market conditions. The offering is separate from the 7 million SATS preferred shares issued earlier, and the actual size and timing of any sales have not been determined.

Multichain cryptocurrency wallet platform MATH said on its official X account it will end its Cloud Wallet service on Jan. 1, 2027. Users must withdraw all assets before 4:59 p.m. UTC on Dec. 31, 2026, after which a monthly account maintenance fee will be charged on assets remaining in accounts. The change applies only to Cloud Wallet, while the functions and services of MATH’s self-custodial decentralized wallet, MathWallet, will continue unchanged.

Strategy, the largest corporate holder of Bitcoin, made no additional BTC purchases last week, according to a filing with the U.S. SEC. In the previous buying week, the Nasdaq-listed company added about 267 BTC, bringing its total holdings to 848,517 BTC.

BTC’s recent drop below $80,000 puts the Oct. 27-28 Federal Open Market Committee meeting and upcoming Big Tech earnings at the center of the market outlook, according to QCP Capital. Amid geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and spot ETF outflows, BTC recently slipped under $80,000 and long futures positions were liquidated, QCP Capital said. The firm added that earnings from Microsoft, Alphabet and Amazon could prompt a revaluation of AI-related assets if they support continued AI investment, while weaker signals could extend the correction in AI-linked stocks. Markets expect the October FOMC to leave rates unchanged, while pricing shows about an 84% probability of a rate hike in December. QCP Capital identified BTC’s key support and resistance levels at $78,000 and $86,000, respectively, and ETH’s at $2,150 and $2,500.

Bitcoin’s continued sideways trading relative to the S&P 500 may be a warning sign not only for speculative, high-volatility cryptocurrencies but also for the broader risk-asset market, Bloomberg senior commodity strategist Mike McGlone said. McGlone said Bitcoin was once seen as the fastest horse among risk assets, but despite showing about three times the volatility of the S&P 500 since 2021, it has recently remained rangebound against the index. He added the ratio between BTC and the S&P 500 is closely tied to expectations for Federal Reserve tightening, and those expectations have recently declined. He also said today that U.S. 30-year Treasury yields have risen this year while gold and Bitcoin have fallen, creating a divergence that could be resolved in favor of U.S. Treasuries. Rising inflation is pushing Treasury yields higher, while declines in Bitcoin and gold may point to stronger deflationary pressure, McGlone added.

Mizuho Securities maintained an Underperform rating on Circle (CRCL) and set a $43 price target, The Block reported. The target is about 48.1% below the current share price of $82.87. Mizuho warned AI assistants could steer users toward alternative products offering higher yields and insurance protection, potentially weakening USDC’s competitiveness.

Coinbase-issued stock tokens on Base deposited into the Aave V4 protocol have surpassed $10 million, up 514.5% over the past month, Crypto Briefing reported. Most of the deposited value was made up of tokenized shares tied to major big tech companies including Alphabet, Nvidia and Meta. The increase shows stock tokens are being used more widely as collateral in the on-chain lending market.

South Korean exchange Upbit announced the temporary suspension of OSMO deposits and withdrawals starting at 9:00 a.m. UTC on Oct. 27.

Cardano has incorporated the core code for Leios into its main development strategy as it seeks to expand network transaction capacity by up to 15 times, CryptoSlate reported. According to a development report, Praos2, which combines the existing consensus protocol with Leios, along with LeiosNotify and LeiosFetch, which support information exchange between nodes, have been integrated. Some features needed for additional transaction processing are still under development. Cardano plans to use Leios to raise initial transaction capacity by three to five times, then expand it by up to 10 to 15 times through further adjustments.

Cointelegraph outlined three key themes to watch in the Bitcoin market this week: - Macro issues including elevated oil prices, the U.S. benchmark interest rate decision and the FOMC press conference - Weakness in South Korea’s KOSPI and softness in AI stocks - Whether Bitcoin can recreate an "Uptober" rally, which would require about a 4% gain from current price levels

Tron-based blockchain oracle network WinkLink said it completed the first round of buybacks and burns for its WIN token. A total of 67.35 billion WIN was burned in the round, worth about $3.59 million at the time of the burn. According to CoinMarketCap, WIN was trading at $0.00006583, up 5.44%.

Bitcoin has posted three straight weekly losses for the first time since May, raising concerns about further declines, according to The Crypto Basic. Crypto trader and analyst That Martini Guy said a similar pattern appeared in May, when Bitcoin gave back all of its gains from early in the second quarter. Another analyst, CryptoLinus, identified $80,700 as a key support level and said BTC had closed above that range on the daily chart for 37 straight days. As selling pressure builds, a break below that level could send BTC down to $75,000, CryptoLinus said. According to CoinMarketCap, BTC was trading at $80,287, up 0.21%, at the time of writing.

Vanguard’s FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF (VSS) has added 4.5 million shares of Bitcoin treasury company Metaplanet for the first time, Bitcoin Treasuries reported. The stake is valued at about $7.5 million. The addition expands indirect exposure to Bitcoin treasury companies for investors in the ETF through Metaplanet shares.

The market capitalization of SECZ, a stock token issued by tokenized securities platform Securitize, fell by more than half in less than a month, Cointelegraph reported, citing Token Terminal data. SECZ’s market cap dropped from a peak of $430.4 million on Sept. 28 to $208.6 million as of Oct. 25. Over the same period, the combined market cap of tokens tracking shares of USDC issuer Circle rose around 20% to $383.6 million, allowing Circle to reclaim the top spot in the tokenized equities market, according to the report. As of Oct. 25, the total market capitalization of the tokenized stock market stood at around $3.3 billion.

Cryptex Finance has submitted a sixth amended S-1 registration statement to the U.S. SEC for the Cryptex BAGZ ETF, a multi-cryptocurrency spot ETF, CoinGape reported. The Cryptex BAGZ ETF is designed to track 24 tokens selected from an index made up of 36 cryptocurrencies. Its holdings are divided into five themes, with BTC, ETH, SOL, XRP and ADA accounting for as much as 51.7% combined, while Layer 1 and Layer 2-related assets including AVAX, NEAR, APT and LINK make up about 22.25%.

The issuer of yen-pegged stablecoin JPYC warned that scammers have been impersonating company employees to solicit cryptocurrency investments or offer free access to AI-based automated trading systems. The company said it does not conduct any such recruitment or solicitation and has no connection to the services in question. It also stressed that users should not respond to suspicious offers or provide personal information or transfer funds, even if the company name, official website URL, or phone number is used.

Indian cryptocurrency exchange CoinDCX said on its official blog that a security incident involving its wallet infrastructure led to losses of about 15.99 million USDT. After hacking allegations involving a CoinDCX-linked wallet surfaced in the crypto community on Oct. 22, CoinDCX CEO Sumit Gupta denied the claims, saying the activity was tied to a legacy wallet address compromised in last year’s hack. CoinDCX has now reversed that position four days later. In a notice issued today, the exchange added that it will fully cover the lost funds.