Philippines Delays Crypto Framework Publication

Chinese Fentanyl Producers Taking Payment in CryptoA report produced by blockchain analytics and crypto compliance solutions firm Elliptic has found that most Chinese suppliers of fentanyl precursors are accepting payments for the illicit material in cryptocurrency.In a blog post published on its website on Tuesday, Elliptic claimed that 90 percent of the 90 China-based firms, from which its researchers received offers of fentanyl precursors, accepted cryptocurrency as a form of payment. The majority of fentanyl which is trafficked into the United States is manufactured using imported fentanyl precursors like the material that the Elliptic researchers were offered.Seventeen of the suppliers even offered to provide fentanyl itself. Others still offered to supply synthetic opioids, equally or more potent than fentanyl, which are currently legal to both produce and supply within China.Photo by Hal Gatewood on UnsplashTracking blockchain transactionsIn tracing back transactions relative to these illicit suppliers, the Elliptic researchers’ analysis demonstrated that the digital asset wallets used by the rogue suppliers have received thousands of payments. The research team has estimated the net worth of those transactions to total $27 million.It appears that a move towards crypto payments is trending with this group of suppliers as there has been a 450% increase year-on-year when it comes to payments for fentanyl precursor using crypto.The study highlighted activity related to Dutch national Alex Peijnenburg. An alleged fentanyl supplier, Peijnenburg, made an $85,000 payment in crypto to one of the ninety fentanyl precursor suppliers identified by Elliptic researchers. In November of last year, the Dutchman was sanctioned by US authorities relative to his activities.Global trade and distributionThe report stated: “During our correspondence, the suppliers showed no concerns about how the chemical would be used, with some explaining that it was their best-selling product and could be used to produce fentanyl.”It went on to state that “others pointedly mentioned that they had sold it to customers in Mexico.” Mexico is a significant location in the global drugs trade, given the activity of drug cartels within the country. One supplier offered an insight to researchers as to the preferences of their nefarious Mexican clients, stating: “They always use USDT or Bitcoin to pay. It is no problem.”While it looks like these nefarious Chinese companies are able to trade into and out of crypto assets, that should be a difficulty for them as China banned the offering of crypto trading services going back a number of years already. Furthermore, foreign digital asset exchanges are prohibited from servicing the needs of Chinese clients where crypto is concerned.Elliptic’s research team uncovered that the majority of the illicit drugs trade suppliers have been using workarounds in order to gain access to overseas digital asset exchanges. The suppliers have used intermediaries in order to convert crypto into Chinese yuan.The report concludes that this part of the international fentanyl trade can be dealt with and “disrupted by the services that act as gateways into and out of crypto assets.” On arriving at that conclusion, Elliptic has acted by notifying the digital asset exchanges that these suppliers are using. “[We] have flagged hundreds of crypto addresses in our tools as being linked to this activity,” the report states.Crypto had infamously been associated with illicit activity on the dark web in its earliest years. It has moved well beyond that although due to its decentralized nature, it’s difficult, if not impossible, to control who utilizes decentralized digital currency.

Tether Alters ToS in Singapore Restricting USDT RedemptionTether, the issuer of the world’s largest stablecoin, USDT, has made substantial revisions to its Terms of Service (ToS), which may have a significant impact on its user base in Singapore.News of the change emerged on Monday, with Dr. Julian Hosp, CEO of Cake Group, the project team behind Singapore-based Cake DeFi, taking to social media and providing a copy of an email from Tether’s Compliance Department, confirming the change. That notification read:”Tether has changed its terms of service to, among other things, restrict its onboarding standards. Corporates controlled by; another entities, directors, shareholders residing in Singapore are no longer permitted to be Tether customers.”In his commentary, Hosp stated that he wouldn’t be in a position to confirm “if redeeming $USDT into $USD is actually possible, due to being in #Singapore.”Photo by DrawKit Illustrations on UnsplashToS Change in ContextWithin the cryptocurrency ecosystem, eyebrows have been raised regarding the timing of Tether’s ToS change, as it has coincided with a major instance of crypto-related money laundering. Conversely, some argue that the issue could be specific to Cake DeFi. The DeFi protocol had been flagged for enhanced due diligence (EDD), suggesting that the modification in Tether’s ToS might potentially be a result of a partnership issue between the two entities.Stablecoins like USDT play a pivotal role in the digital asset ecosystem, serving as a bridge between the volatile world of cryptocurrencies and the stability of traditional fiat currencies like the US dollar. Any disruption in their usage can trigger a domino effect in the crypto markets.The cryptocurrency sector is grappling with regulatory uncertainties worldwide, and Singapore is no exception. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has been actively reviewing and updating its crypto-related regulations to align with international standards and mitigate risks to financial stability.The precise motive behind Tether’s decision to restrict USDT redemption for specific customers in Singapore remains unclear. Notwithstanding that, Tether’s Chief Technology Officer (CTO) Paolo Ardoino expressed the view that the matter is being misunderstood. He tweeted:Spreading FUD”Before spreading FUD [fear, uncertainty and doubt] it would be great if you guys did take a look at webarchive… This is Jan 2022…. And if you open the link below: Last updated: May 12, 2020… Again, take a moment to search and verify information before YOLO [you only live once] posting.”Clearly Ardoino is making the point that the ToS change is consistent with existing compliance policy which has been in place since 2020. Notwithstanding that, in reviewing related records, media outlet Protos found that USDT issuance and redemption after May 2020 demonstrate that the firm continued to do business with Singapore-based entities. The publication cited UQPAY specifically, a Singapore-based payments processor. It was found to have issued USDT between May 14 and May 18 in 2020.

Scroll’s zkEVM Launches on Ethereum MainnetScroll, the Seychelles-headquartered project behind the Ethereum layer-2 network of the same name, has officially made its debut on the Ethereum mainnet.Photo by Zoltan Tasi on UnsplashAttempting to solve for scalabilityThe project team announced the development via a press release which was published on Tuesday. The network launch signifies the latest in a series of attempts by various layer-2 projects, including Polygon and StarkWare, to address the persistent challenges of high transaction fees and network congestion that have hindered Ethereum’s usability in recent times. Speaking to layer-2 development, co-founder Sandy Peng stated:“We see a future where the vast majority of value transfer takes place on Layer 2s on Ethereum. What will drive that adoption is improved user and developer experience.”After testing and refinement on its testnet, Scroll believes that it is in a good position to play an active role within the Ethereum ecosystem by providing a general-purpose, zero-knowledge Ethereum virtual machine (zkEVM) roll-up.The project has 900,000 wallet addresses in active use on its testnet, having executed seven million transactions since August. The testnet has seen over 55 million transactions during its year-long operation.At its core, Scroll’s mission is to combine Ethereum’s network security with reduced fees and lower latency, making it an attractive proposition for existing Ethereum projects. According to Peng, Ethereum developers can seamlessly deploy their projects on Scroll and harness the groundbreaking zkEVM technology.Incorporating bytecodePeng emphasized the significance of zkEVM’s ability to batch proofs efficiently, resulting in faster transaction speeds and cost reductions, thanks to its bytecode-level compatibility.Bytecode, in the realm of computer programming, simplifies intricate machine cryptography, making code more accessible for computer hardware. Scroll allows deployed smart contracts to store the bytecode of their transactions, which is then sent to a centralized zkEVM node. This node verifies the transaction’s accuracy without revealing its content. Once verified, the transaction’s status is updated on the Ethereum network, eliminating the need for re-execution. Peng pointed out:“Thanks to this feature, Ethereum devs can leverage all the same tools they are familiar with, ensuring that everything operates seamlessly right from the start.”Scroll’s mainnet code was subject to audits conducted by four major auditing firms, namely Zellic, Trail of Bits, OpenZeppelin, and KALOS, in an effort to ensure robust security and reliability.Efforts towards greater decentralizationWhile Scroll’s current implementation offers compelling features, the team is actively researching ways to further enhance the network’s decentralization. Currently, if the sequencer goes offline, the protocol halts, creating a potential vulnerability. To address this, the Scroll team is working on a protocol upgrade that will enable “forced batches.” This update will allow permissionless publication of batches through the base layer, even in the event of a sequencer halt.Peng elaborated on the team’s vision, stating: “Mid-term, the goal is to minimize the probability of a sequencer halt through decentralization.” This approach aims to bolster the network’s resilience and ensure a smoother user experience.While headquartered in the Seychelles, the project has its origins in China through its Chinese founders, Ye Zhang and Haichen Shen, alongside Peng, with many of its 60-strong project team based in mainland China and Hong Kong.