Korean Banks Impose Crypto Exchanges to Maintain a Reserve of at Least 3B KRW

Bank of Korea Explores Jeju, Busan, and Incheon for Citizen-Centric CBDC Pilot TestThe Bank of Korea (BOK) is reportedly reviewing three potential locations for a pilot test of a citizen-centric payment system utilizing the Korean Won central bank digital currency (CBDC). Instead of choosing Seoul, the nation’s capital city, the BOK is considering Jeju, Busan, and Incheon for the pilot. That’s according to local tech news outlet IT Chosun.The three cities have been selected as possible testbeds, and discussions with commercial banks are ongoing to move the project forward. Once a city is chosen, the BOK will collaborate with local retailers, including hypermarkets, to test the CBDC payment and distribution system.Photo by Ethan Brooke on UnsplashRegional currency modelThe CBDC test will be limited to a specific area, operating similarly to regional currencies issued by municipal governments to stimulate local economies. The CBDC wallet app will be available to all citizens, but its usage will be restricted to retailers in the designated area. Presently, Jeju, Busan, and Incheon already have their own regional currencies managed by local banks and financial institutions.However, implementing the CBDC system poses technical challenges. In remote tests last year, the BOK discovered that transaction speeds for small transfers were slower compared to traditional payment processing providers in regions outside the Seoul Metropolitan Area.Against this backdrop, the BOK seeks to recruit an unusually large number of tech experts in order to build a large-scale system for small payments. The bank has been actively hiring individuals for this purpose since the beginning of the year.CBDC test next yearWith the test scheduled for next year, the BOK aims to promptly select the test destination based on the system’s expected performance, estimated user numbers, and potential economic impact.While Busan is more or less shunned due to its large population, Jeju is emerging as a preferred choice. However, the final decision has been tentatively postponed due to internal issues within the BOK.Following the pilot test results, the BOK may gradually broaden the scope of the CBDC system. Meanwhile, in a similar development, China began its CBDC pilots in 2020 and has now expanded its CBDC use to 26 cities across 17 provinces.According to a BOK official, the Korean central bank is making seamless preparation for the test and engaging in discussions with commercial banks to explore their operating models and devise effective implementation strategies.

Kazakhstan setback for Coinbase as government blocks website accessIn alignment with the Law on Digital Assets legislation which was enacted in February, Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Culture and Information has officially confirmed that access to the Coinbase website has been blocked within the country.The development follows the enforcement of regulations prohibiting the issuance and trading of unsecured digital currencies, according to local news media.Photo by Kai Pilger on UnsplashAccusation of regulatory violationThe authorities in Kazakhstan initiated the blocking of local IP addresses from accessing Coinbase as early as September. The action was taken in response to a request from the Ministry of Digital Development. The Ministry of Digital Development accused Coinbase of violating the Law on Digital Assets, resulting in the restriction of access to the platform.The Law on Digital Assets, introduced earlier in 2023, stipulates that the issuance and circulation of unsecured digital assets are prohibited. The exception to this rule is within the Astana International Financial Center (AIFC), a designated economic zone in Kazakhstan. Permits to operate crypto trading platforms within the AIFC are issued by the Astana Financial Services Authority (AFSA).Several cryptocurrency exchanges have already received approval from the AFSA. Notable names among these approved exchanges include Binance, Bybit, CaspianEx, Biteeu, ATAIX, Upbit and Xignal&MT.Reports of access issues to the Coinbase website initially emerged in September, with the local Telegram media outlet Finance.kz referring to it as the “great Kazakh investment firewall.” This firewall was not limited to Coinbase. It also affected access to other major international crypto exchanges such as Kraken.Stringent regulationKazakhstan’s approach to crypto regulation has been notably stringent, particularly concerning its significant mining sector, which ranks among the world’s largest. In October, eight leading cryptocurrency mining operators wrote an open letter to President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, expressing concerns about the challenging conditions faced by the crypto-mining industry.Those entities included BCD Company, TT Tech Limited, Green Power Solution, Kinur Invest, KZ Systems, AI Solutions and VerCom. High energy prices for miners were cited as a significant issue, leading to what was described as a “very distressful situation” in the sector.Mining got off on the wrong footing in Kazakhstan. Following the banning of crypto mining activities in China in May 2021, there was a sudden influx of miners into Kazakhstan. As that development wasn’t planned for, it led to major stresses being placed on the country’s electricity grid. As a consequence, blackouts occurred.While this development in Kazakhstan is unwelcome news for Coinbase, the company has experienced more positive outcomes elsewhere. Last week it emerged that the U.S. crypto exchange had outperformed Q3 revenue estimates. That said, it also emerged that the exchange’s trading volumes had declined for the second consecutive quarter in a row.Kazakhstan’s move to block Coinbase access underlines the country’s determination to enforce its digital asset regulations, contributing to a growing trend of governments worldwide seeking to bring crypto-related activities under regulatory oversight.

IOTA accelerates Middle East expansion with $100M foundation launchIn a move aimed at catalyzing the adoption of its distributed ledger technology (DLT) in the Middle East, the Berlin-headquartered IOTA Foundation, the developmental force behind the IOTA-directed acyclic graph-based ledger network, unveiled a $100 million foundation in Abu Dhabi on Wednesday.Photo by Imtiyaz Ali on UnsplashTokenizing real-world assetsThe IOTA Foundation announced details of the initiative, known as the IOTA Ecosystem DLT Foundation, via a blog post published on its website on Wednesday. The new foundation is designed to facilitate the transformation of tangible assets into digital entities, marking a significant stride in the convergence of real-world assets with the digital realm, according to IOTA Co-founder and Chairman Dominik Schiener.Taking to the X platform, Schiener wrote:”We will double down on our efforts to bring the real world to Web3. We will pave the way to tokenize RWA [Real World Assets] assets on #IOTA and work with the governments in the UAE, across the Middle East and Africa to digitize their trade infrastructure and tokenize assets. We will make Blockchain real, with real use cases, real adoption, real yield and real assets.”IOTA is not a blockchain, but a related distributed ledger technology. DLT has garnered attention for its diverse applications over the past decade. IOTA’s digital tokens will serve as the financial backbone for this substantial investment, signaling a strategic move amidst recent setbacks in the cryptocurrency sector.Regulatory first in Abu DhabiThe IOTA Ecosystem DLT Foundation stands out as the first blockchain-focused foundation sanctioned by the regulatory authorities of the Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM), a key financial hub within the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The ADGM solidified its blockchain regulations in early November, creating a conducive environment for innovative blockchain-focused entities. The regulatory framework was crafted to offer a comprehensive structure specifically for DLT foundations and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs).Schiener expanded further on plans for the DLT Foundation:”With a new headquarter in the UAE, we are positioning IOTA from being an Enterprise Blockchain in Europe, to becoming one of the largest, global Crypto ecosystems. We will fully support Web3 and DeFi use cases on IOTA with the #EVM launch in Q1.”Endowed with over $100 million in IOTA tokens, the foundation’s funds will be gradually vested over the next four years.The financial infusion is earmarked for the development and expansion of the IOTA network. Additionally, IOTA will embark on asset “tokenization,” a process involving the representation of ownership rights for land or buildings as digital tokens stored on a blockchain. These tokens, akin to digital certificates of ownership, extend to virtually any valuable object.IOTA launched in 2015, and within its first two years, it rose to be a top-ten crypto project on the basis of market capitalization. Over the course of the last six years, the project has struggled to make the network less centralized. There have also been internal conflicts, which resulted in a number of the project’s co-founders stepping away from the project. With this latest development, Schiener suggested that IOTA could work its way back to being a top-ten project once again.