Kazakhstan setback for Coinbase as government blocks website access

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) approved the spot bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF) last Tuesday, prompting South Korean investors to flock to cryptocurrency exchanges to make transactions. However, the revenues recorded by these exchanges showed a mixed performance in response to this development due to their differing transaction fee policies, according to local news outlet DealSite on Monday.Photo by Maxim Hopman on UnsplashTrading volumes surge and retreatAccording to crypto analytics platform CoinGecko, as of 9 a.m. on Jan. 12 (KST), Upbit's trading volume on Dec. 11 and 12 was approximately $5.1 billion and $6.1 billion, respectively, for a total of about $11 billion. During the same period, Bithumb recorded $2.6 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, totaling nearly $5 billion. However, as of this writing at 11 a.m. on Jan. 15, Upbit’s 24-hour trading volume has dropped back down to $2.1 billion and Bithumb to $874 million. "After the SEC's approval, crypto exchanges were simultaneously flooded with transactions," an anonymous industry employee commented. "Bitcoin and Ethereum were mainly traded." Fee divergenceAlthough the ETF approval caused a general uptick in trading volumes, the amount of revenue that the exchanges earned from transaction fees varied. Upbit charges a fee of 0.05% for both buying and selling crypto, meaning the exchange made an estimated KRW 14.8 billion in revenue from the fees from Dec. 11 to 12. Bithumb, on the other hand, hasn't earned any revenue from trading fees since its zero-fee policy was implemented in October last year.  Bithumb had previously charged 0.25% for transactions and 0.04% with coupons. By implementing the former, the exchange lost about KRW 15.8 billion ($12 million) in revenue, and with the latter, it lost about KRW 2.5 billion. For crypto investors, Bithumb's zero-fee policy has made investing more accessible, but the exchange is unlikely to reap its own rewards. Significant investor interestMoreover, with trading for the spot bitcoin ETF beginning on the 11th, the influx of funds is expected to boost trading. "All told there were 700,000 individual trades today in and out of the 11 spot ETFs," Bloomberg ETF analyst Eric Balchunas told X (formerly Twitter). "For context, that is double the number of trades for $QQQ." $QQQ refers to the Invesco QQQ ETF. According to an image that accompanied Balchunas’ post, the total trading volume across all 11 spot ETFs was reportedly $4.3 billion. Grayscale's GBTC had the highest volume at $2.1 billion, followed by BlackRock’s IBIT at $1 billion and Fidelity’s FBTC at $673 million.

Korea’s Legislative Research Body Suggests Expanding Blind Trust System to Include CryptoThe National Assembly Research Service (NARS) of South Korea last Friday issued a report emphasizing the need to broaden the scope of the country’s blind trust system for public officials. Currently, this system primarily covers traditional stocks, but the report highlights the necessity of extending its coverage to include cryptocurrencies.Photo by O-seop Sim on PexelsPublic Service Ethics ActUnder the existing Public Service Ethics Act, public officials holding a rank of 4 or higher within the finance department of the Ministry of Economy and Finance and the Financial Services Commission are mandated to either divest themselves of stocks linked to their official duties and responsibilities or transfer them into a blind trust if the total value of these stocks exceeds KRW 30 million (about $23,000).Blind trustA blind trust is a mechanism through which a public official transfers their stock holdings to a trustee. Subsequently, the trustee handles these entrusted stocks by exchanging them for other assets and overseeing their management, administration, and disposition. Importantly, the original owner of the stock, who is the public official, is barred from participating in these aspects of the trust and is also kept uninformed about the trust property’s status or details.Debate over expansionThe current policy confines the blind trust framework exclusively to stocks. Nevertheless, there is an ongoing debate advocating for the inclusion of other assets, such as virtual assets and real estate, within its scope. The rationale behind this argument is that these types of assets can also potentially give rise to conflicts of interest. However, counterarguments have been raised, expressing concerns that extending the blind trust to these assets could excessively limit the property rights of public officials. Consequently, as of now, this broader application has not been implemented.Comparison with the USThe Korean blind trust system was inspired by the United States’ Ethics in Government Act of 1978, which does not limit the types of assets that can be included in a blind trust. In the US, a blind trust can encompass not only stocks but also bonds, mutual funds, virtual assets, and real estate. In light of this, the report recommends the expansion of the blind trust system to encompass virtual assets and real estate. This step is proposed to prevent conflicts of interest among public officials pertaining to a wider array of asset types.Enhancing trustee discretionMeanwhile, NARS also argued for broadening the trustee’s discretion in trust management to render the system more reasonable. This stems from the concern that the existing uniform property sale approach could lead public servants to incur losses. NARS has proposed potential solutions, such as extending the time limit for property sales or mandating the sale of only a portion of the assets, as viable options to address this issue.

Hashed CEO Emphasizes South Korea’s Potential to Lead Mass Adoption of Web3 in AsiaSimon Kim, CEO of Asian blockchain investment firm Hashed, highlighted South Korea’s potential to pioneer the mass adoption of Web3 during his keynote speech on Tuesday at Impact, the main conference of Korea Blockchain Week 2023 held at the Shilla Hotel in Seoul.“Korea possesses the strength to lead despite its small size,” he said. “The country will serve as the turning point for Web3.”Photo by Daniel Bernard on UnsplashTech trailblazerKim elaborated on the unique characteristics of Korea’s Web3 ecosystem, citing the so-called “kimchi premium” phenomenon, where cryptocurrencies in Korea are valued higher than other global exchanges, as well as the country’s role in leading altcoin price fluctuations and bull markets.Furthermore, Korea also has one of the world’s fastest and most widespread high-speed Internet networks, with nearly 100% coverage and a smartphone penetration rate exceeding 97%.According to Kim, digital natives are the driving force behind many inventions that have marked the country as a longstanding hub of innovation and digitization. Among these inventions is the world’s first online game, The Kingdom of the Winds, and the world’s first avatar-based social platform Freechal, as well as the pioneering e-sports league StarCraft League and game item trading platform itemBay.In particular, Freechal can be deemed as a forerunner to the current trend of using non-fungible tokens (NFTs) as profile pictures on social media. itemBay also serves as the precursor to both virtual asset and NFT exchanges. These types of early ventures are inextricably linked to the rise of cryptocurrency exchanges.Kim went on to underscore Korea’s prowess in the gaming industry, mentioning popular games like Dungeon Fighter Online, MapleStory, and PlayerUnknown’s Battlegrounds (PUBG). He noted that many local game developers have already established Web3 studios and are actively preparing to transition to the world of Web3 gaming. The K-pop industry has also been incorporating Web3 technology in various projects.Merging hemispheresHashed has been actively investing in projects since 2016, with over 150 projects in its extensive portfolio. Of these projects, approximately 71% of those based in Western countries are related to infrastructure, while 67% of those based in Eastern countries are related to digital content and apps. The company ultimately aims to serve as a bridge connecting the East and West by acting as a network builder to facilitate this exchange, Kim said.