Singapore’s Central Bank Paves the Way for Digital Asset Networks

Short-Term Crypto Investment Prevails Among Hong Kong’s Retail InvestorsHong Kong’s retail investor interest in virtual assets has experienced a significant surge in recent years, albeit a recent survey suggests that most retail investors take a short-term investment view relative to crypto assets.Photo by Robert Bye on UnsplashIFEC studyThis newfound enthusiasm for virtual assets emerges from a recent study published by the Investor and Financial Education Council (IFEC), a subsidiary of the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC), Hong Kong’s securities regulator. The survey found that 6% of retail investors in the city had entered the virtual asset market in 2023, as compared to merely 1% in 2019.Conducted from June to July of this year, the study encompassed 1,000 individuals aged between 18 and 69. The survey uncovered a trend toward crypto investing among retail investors who’ve been enticed by the allure of the emerging asset class. Intriguingly, every single one of the digital asset retail investors in the study held cryptocurrencies in their portfolios. Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and stablecoins, while still relatively niche, were also present in the portfolios of 6% and 2% of investors, respectively.11% to invest in crypto within 12 monthsAnticipating a further uptick in interest, the IFEC report posits that 11% of those surveyed have intentions to invest in virtual assets or related products within the next 12 months. This indicates that the allure of virtual assets continues to exert its magnetic pull on investors in Hong Kong.Despite the growing interest, a noteworthy finding in the survey is that 75% of retail virtual asset investors admitted to their primary motivation being the pursuit of short-term gains. Simultaneously, 74% of these investors perceived virtual assets as a prevalent investment trend, and 73% cited the fear of missing out on popular investment opportunities as a driving factor. These statistics underscore the need for enhanced investor education within the sphere of virtual assets.Lack of regulatory awarenessAnother interesting aspect of the data which emerged from the survey was the finding that only 47% of all surveyed investors are aware of Hong Kong’s recently introduced virtual asset trading regulations, which came into effect on June 1.An additional facet of this investor behavior study was illuminated by research conducted by the Department of Applied Social Science at Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU). This research, based on data from a separate IFEC report that surveyed 501 people from November to December of last year, revealed that many retail investors in virtual assets exhibited overconfidence in their judgment.These investors were also found to have a proclivity to overemphasize past information, lean heavily on readily available and easily recalled information, and overestimate personal intuition.With that in mind, Eric Chui, Head of PolyU’s Applied Social Science unit, advised virtual asset investors to adopt a more deliberate and rational approach. Chui emphasized the importance of building financial literacy and collecting high-quality market information to make informed investment decisions, while steering clear of irrational investment behavior and biases.

Nasdaq-listed Bitcoin Depot, an American cryptocurrency ATM specialist, is expanding into Hong Kong, citing the city’s burgeoning status as a crypto hub and rapid digital asset adoption across Asia. The Atlanta-based company, which provides kiosks for converting cash into cryptocurrency, went public in July 2023. Its move into Asia follows a recent acquisition of assets from National Bitcoin ATM that boosted its domestic market share to a reported 30% as well as the strengthening of its compliance program. "Hong Kong is quickly becoming a global center for crypto, with the right mix of regulation, demand, and momentum," company president Scott Buchanan said in a Nov. 12 statement.Photo by Keller Chewning on UnsplashHong Kong's digital asset pushBitcoin Depot’s expansion aligns with a concerted push by the special administrative region to position itself as a global hub for digital assets. Eddie Yue, Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), recently highlighted this ambition, which was underscored by a Nov. 11 announcement of an additional HK$10 billion ($1.3 billion) issuance of digital green bonds. The tokenized bond issuance, the third under the government's program, was denominated in Hong Kong dollars, Chinese yuan, U.S. dollars, and euros, and involved major banks like HSBC, BNP Paribas, and J.P. Morgan. The move also reflects a broader regional trend. In September, Tokyo-based Coinhub launched Japan's first officially registered crypto ATM network, installing 25 machines with plans to expand to 3,000 nationwide. Industry faces regulatory headwindsDespite the growth, the industry faces scrutiny from law enforcement over the use of crypto ATMs in criminal activity. In 2024, the FBI logged nearly 11,000 fraud complaints tied to the kiosks, with reported losses topping $246 million. According to Cointelegraph, increased regulatory attention has prompted several U.S. cities to ban crypto ATMs outright, while some states are introducing new restrictions. Concerns are growing over scams targeting vulnerable groups, especially seniors. Regulatory pressure is also mounting elsewhere. Australia's financial crimes watchdog, AUSTRAC, issued a $56,340 infringement notice last month to local operator Cryptolink, which the company paid. Cryptolink must now appoint third-party reviewers to ensure its anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing (AML/CTF) controls are adequate. The action followed findings from AUSTRAC’s Crypto Taskforce that 85% of transactions by the 90 most frequent crypto ATM users were linked to scam proceeds or money mule operations. AUSTRAC CEO Brendan Thomas urged the public "to be cautious of making transactions to any wallet they don’t control and thinking twice in circumstances where someone asks you to deposit money into a crypto ATM.” 

Chinese Court Recognizes Virtual Assets as Legal PropertyAccording to a recent report published by the People’s Courts of the People’s Republic of China, a Chinese court has recognized the legal status of virtual assets, having analyzed their attributes within the framework of Chinese criminal law.The court unequivocally stated that virtual assets are considered legal property under the current legal policy framework and are thus protected by law.The People’s Courts of the People’s Republic of China exercise judicial power independently, free from interference by administrative or public organizations. They have responsibility for adjudicating civil, criminal, and administrative cases.Photo by Christian Lue on UnsplashProperty classificationLocal news source Odaily News reported on the development on Friday, indicating that the report, titled “Identification of the Property Attributes of Virtual Currency and Disposal of Property Involved in the Case,” explicitly recognized the economic attributes of virtual assets, leading to their classification as property.This declaration is particularly significant in light of China’s sweeping ban on decentralized cryptocurrencies. Despite this ban, the report argues that virtual assets held by individuals should enjoy legal protection within the existing policy framework.Furthermore, the report proposed recommendations for addressing crimes involving virtual assets. It emphasized that in cases where money and property are involved, confiscation should be based on the integration of criminal and civil law. The approach taken aims to strike a balance between safeguarding personal property rights while also addressing broader social and public interests.Contentious approach to cryptoWhile China has been making every effort to promote its central bank digital currency (CBDC) and the development of blockchain and metaverse-related technology within the country, its stance on decentralized cryptocurrencies has been contentious at best.Its approach in that respect has been marked by a blanket ban on crypto-related activities such as mining and trading and the prohibition of foreign crypto exchanges from serving customers within mainland China. Nevertheless, Chinese courts have consistently taken a more nuanced view without necessarily contradicting the government’s approach.Differing interpretationsThe divergence between national policy and court rulings first emerged in 2019 when the Hangzhou Internet Court found that Bitcoin is a form of virtual property, and on that basis, it is safeguarded by the law from the point of view of property rights. In May 2022, a Shanghai court affirmed that Bitcoin qualifies as virtual property and, as such, falls under the purview of property rights.Global issueIt’s not just the Chinese courts that are grappling with the issue of clarifying property rights relative to virtual assets. In April of this year, a case in Hong Kong involving defunct crypto exchange Gatecoin resulted in the courts determining that cryptocurrency is property and that on that basis, it’s “capable of being held in trust.”In July a Singaporean court determined that cryptocurrency is capable of being held in trust and on that basis, it should be recognized as property. Earlier this year, the High Court of Justice in London recognized non-fungible tokens (NFTs) as property.The report from the People’s Court reaffirms the legal status of virtual assets as protected property under Chinese law. This development highlights the ongoing divergence between China’s regulatory policy and the judicial interpretation of virtual assets, signaling a potential evolution in the country’s approach to cryptocurrencies.