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Turkey crafts new crypto regulations with FATF grey list removal objectiveIn an effort to secure removal from the Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF) “grey list,” Turkey is in the process of crafting new regulations governing crypto assets.The FATF, established by the Group of Seven (G7) advanced economies, serves as a guardian of the international financial system. It’s an international organization dedicated to combating financial crimes, which added Turkey to its “grey list” in 2021. In 2019, it cautioned Turkey about significant deficiencies in procedures for freezing assets linked to terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.Photo by Michael Jerrard on UnsplashCrypto compliance for FATF upgradeTurkish Finance Minister Mehmet Simsek recently discussed this matter with a parliamentary commission, according to a report published by Reuters. Simsek highlighted the FATF’s evaluation of Turkey’s adherence to 39 out of the 40 standards set by the organization. The single outstanding issue pertains to crypto assets, and Simsek revealed plans to introduce a crypto assets law in parliament to address this concern. However, he did not delve into specific legal changes.The Turkish government is taking action to align with international standards and remove the shadow of the “grey list.” The Turkish Presidential Annual Program for 2024, as published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey on October 25, outlines a commitment to establish comprehensive cryptocurrency regulations in the country by the end of 2024. Within the extensive 500-page document, Article 400.5 sets the goal of providing clear definitions for crypto assets, potentially subjecting them to taxation in the future.Additionally, the document seeks to establish legal definitions for crypto asset providers, including cryptocurrency exchanges. However, it refrains from specifying the finer details of the upcoming regulatory framework.Crypto popularityTurkey has been an outlier in terms of cryptocurrency use by comparison with many of its international peers. A report by KuCoin earlier this year validated that reality, indicating a significant increase in the number of crypto investors in Turkey over the course of the previous 18 months. In the aftermath of a devastating earthquake which hit the country on Feb. 6, crypto was reported to have been used as a means to get aid to those affected quickly and easily.However, developments in the crypto space have also included difficulties. It was reported in July that the use of crypto for the earthquake relief effort in Turkey was also being used as a cover by an affiliate of the terrorist group ISIS to launder money and receive funding. Turkish users of the Thodex crypto exchange platform were the victims of fraud in 2021, with the founders of that business having been sentenced for that fraud in September. In 2021 the country moved to ban crypto payments against a background that has seen the Turkish lira experience hyper-inflation.CBDC developmentTurkey’s central bank has been making strides in the digital currency arena, successfully conducting the initial trial of its central bank digital currency (CBDC), the digital lira, by December 2022. The central bank has expressed its intention to continue testing and exploring digital currency development throughout 2024.The move to enhance regulation and compliance in the crypto sector in Turkey aligns with global efforts to ensure transparency and accountability in financial systems.

Hong Kong and the UAE Collaborate on Crypto RegulationHong Kong and the United Arab Emirates’ (UAE) central banks have announced a collaboration to work on cryptocurrency regulations and financial technology development. The move is significant insofar as both territories have been making headway in developing global crypto hubs over the course of the past six months.Photo by Nick Fewings on UnsplashStrengthening cooperationFollowing a meeting on Monday, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) and the Central Bank of the UAE published a statement on Tuesday, in which they set out the areas of cooperation between them. They agreed to strengthen cooperation on “virtual asset regulations and developments.”The central banks also expressed their commitment to facilitating discussions on joint fintech development initiatives and the sharing of knowledge through their respective innovation hubs.Financial infrastructureDuring the meeting, the officials highlighted the importance of financial infrastructure and financial market connectivity between the two jurisdictions. The Governor of the Central Bank of the UAE, H.E. Khaled Mohamed Balama, expressed his anticipation for an ongoing and long-term relationship with the HKMA.HKMA’s Chief Executive Eddie Yue echoed this sentiment, emphasizing that both regions share many complementary strengths and mutual interests, which will contribute to the economic benefits of the collaboration.In addition to the meeting, a seminar was organized for senior executives from banks in Hong Kong and the UAE. The seminar covered various topics, including improving cross-border trade settlement and exploring how UAE corporations can leverage Hong Kong’s financial infrastructure platforms to gain access to Asian markets.This collaboration comes at a time when the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) in Hong Kong is allowing virtual asset service providers (VASPs) to cater to retail investors starting from June 1. Christopher Hui, the Treasury Chief of Hong Kong, emphasized that virtual assets are here to stay and acknowledged the fundamental value they bring. Hui also stressed the importance of regulation to harness the positive elements of cryptocurrencies while mitigating potential risks.Since the announcement of the application process by the SFC, several cryptocurrency exchanges, including CoinEx, Huobi, BitMEX, and OKX, have filed applications to provide dedicated crypto trading services in Hong Kong.FAFT travel ruleThe collaboration between the central banks of Hong Kong and the UAE marks a significant step in the global development of cryptocurrency regulations and fintech innovation. The move is demonstrative of ever improving levels of international cooperation on digital assets worldwide.Both jurisdictions are moving forward with the implementation of the Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF) travel rule. The UAE issued new guidelines in that respect on Tuesday. Hong Kong has gotten a head start in this respect, with the implementation of the travel rule through the introduction of the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing (Amendment) Bill in December 2022.By leveraging their respective strengths and knowledge-sharing efforts, these regions aim to foster a conducive environment for the growth and adoption of digital assets. With increased financial infrastructure connectivity and joint initiatives, both jurisdictions are poised to benefit economically from this collaboration in the long run.

Korean Crypto Market’s Healthy Growth Requires Corporate ParticipationA healthy growth of the South Korean virtual asset industry needs the private sector’s investment in cryptocurrencies, a legal scholar argued at a recent international academic conference titled “Digital Financial Transition and International Trends in Commercial Law.”That’s according to a report by local news outlet Edaily. Namgung Ju-hyun, an assistant professor of commercial law at Sungkyunkwan University Law School, attended the two-day event hosted over the last weekend by the Korea Commercial Law Association to point out that the current restrictions on corporate investments in cryptocurrencies have not only increased speculation within the domestic market but have also hampered Korean companies’ endeavors in pursuing blockchain-powered projects.Banks and companiesProfessor Namgung addressed the current situation where Korean commercial banks are withholding real-name bank accounts from firms without specific legal grounds. This practice became common after the Act on Reporting and Using Specified Financial Transaction Information was revised in March 2021. This Act requires virtual asset service providers (VASPs) to adhere to anti-money laundering (AML) regulations; therefore, firms wishing to trade cryptocurrencies with the South Korean currency must have real-name accounts with domestic banks. While the Act doesn’t explicitly restrict issuing such accounts to corporations, banks have shown reluctance to do so.However, in countries like the United States, cryptocurrency trading in the corporate world is thriving. For instance, institutional investors at Coinbase, America’s largest crypto exchange, accounted for over 85% of the total trading volume in the first quarter, a rise from 76% during the same period last year.Photo by JESHOOTS.COM on UnsplashMinor altcoins’ strong presenceProfessor Namgung identified the prevalence of retail investors and their speculative behaviors as the primary issue plaguing the Korean crypto market. A case in point is a relatively large proportion of trades in minor altcoins. As per a report by the Korean Financial Services Commission (FSC), the combined market cap of BTC and ETH accounted for only 33% in the domestic market, a contrast to their 58.2% share in the global market. Namgung underscored that the high trade volumes of volatile crypto assets contribute to the Kimchi premium, a phenomenon where crypto prices in Korea are higher than those in other countries.Namgung also mentioned that Korean companies like Hyundai Motor, Lotte Homeshopping, and Shinsegae, despite promoting projects based on non-fungible tokens (NFTs), face difficulties due to their inability to convert cryptocurrencies to cash on domestic crypto exchanges. In comparison, global companies like Nike are successfully leveraging NFTs for their projects and exploring new business opportunities.Role of financial authoritiesProfessor Namgung urged Korean financial authorities to devise guidelines that encourage corporate participation in the crypto market, eliminating uncertainties. As a step towards risk management, he recommended considering publicly traded companies or established firms of a certain size as initial participants in the crypto market.Input from international scholarsPrior to Professor Namgung’s talk, the international academic conference also featured presentations from foreign scholars, namely Mirella Pellegrini, a professor at LUISS University of Rome; Marco Bodellini, an associate lecturer in banking and financial law at Queen Mary University of London; and Albert H. Choi, a professor of law at the University of Michigan Law School.Professor Pellegrini discussed personalized financial products and investor protection in the digital market from the perspective of the European Union. Dr. Bodellini provided insights into central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) from a policy perspective, while Professor Choi focused on digital transformation and retail shareholder engagement.