Turkey crafts new crypto regulations with FATF grey list removal objective

US DOJ Charges Two Russians With Mt. Gox HackTwo Russian nationals have been charged by the US Department of Justice (DOJ) for their involvement in hacking of the Japanese cryptocurrency exchange Mt. Gox, and in causing the collapse of the infamous exchange.Photo by Tingey Injury Law Firm on UnsplashCulpable for collapseThe indictment, which has been unsealed, was originally filed on June 7, and identifies the individuals as Alexey Bilyuchenko, 43, and Aleksandr Verner, 29. They are accused of not only hacking the exchange but also conspiring to launder approximately 647,000 bitcoins, which is valued at around $17.1 billion based on Bitcoin’s unit price on Friday.Additionally, Bilyuchenko has been charged with collaborating with Alexander Vinnik to operate the illicit exchange known as BTC-e between 2011 and 2017. BTC-e was shut down by U.S. law enforcement in 2017, and Vinnik was later extradited from Greece to the U.S. in 2022 on charges of running BTC-e and engaging in money laundering.Mt. Gox, which experienced a major theft, declared bankruptcy and closed its operations in 2014. Bilyuchenko and Verner played a significant role in the theft, leading to the exchange’s insolvency, according to Assistant Attorney General Kenneth A. Polite, Jr. of the Justice Department’s Criminal Division. The indictment states that “in or about September 2011, [the defendants] and their co-conspirators gained and caused others to gain unauthorized access to the Mt. Gox server in Japan.”BTC-e exchange money launderingFurthermore, it is alleged that Bilyuchenko utilized his ill-gotten gains from the Mt. Gox theft to establish the BTC-e exchange, which facilitated global money laundering activities for criminals. US Attorney Ismail J. Ramsey for the Northern District of California stated that Bilyuchenko and his co-conspirators operated a digital currency exchange that enabled criminal entities, including hackers, ransomware actors, narcotics rings, and corrupt officials, to launder billions of dollars.In March, there were reports from CoinDesk about movements of BTC-e funds on the blockchain. An exchange wallet linked to BTC-e made its first transaction since 2017, transferring approximately 3,299 bitcoins to a crypto wallet in November 2022. Additionally, six years ago, the exchange wallet sent around 10,000 bitcoins to two unidentified recipients. However, the recent DOJ filing does not specify whether these recipients were Bilyuchenko and Verner.Slow processMeanwhile, the long-suffering creditors of the hacked exchange are only beginning to reach the final stages of the bankruptcy process. Japan’s bankruptcy process is incredibly slow and it’s taken the best part of ten years for it to reach the distribution phase. It became apparent in April that the bankruptcy estate was moving to distribute $4.5 billion in cash and digital assets to creditors. It’s understood that the process will be completed in October.While creditors are taking a haircut in bitcoin terms, on a US dollar basis, they are not fairing out badly given that the leading cryptocurrency has seen massive dollar price appreciation in the intervening years.

OKX NFT Marketplace hits the front on trading volumeIn the non-fungible token (NFT) space, OKX’s NFT marketplace has emerged as the leader in daily trading volume, surpassing long-standing frontrunners such as OpenSea, Blur and Magic Eden.According to data from decentralized applications (DApp) tracker DappRadar, on Dec. 18, the OKX NFT Marketplace had recorded a 24-hour trading volume of $50 million. In more recent trading, that has reduced to around $35 million. Nevertheless, it maintains its lead over its main competitors, whose combined 24-hour trading volume stands at approximately $24 million.Photo by Kanchanara on UnsplashOrdinals driving volume uptickThe surge in trading volume can be attributed to OKX’s support for Bitcoin Ordinals NFTs and BRC-20 tokens. Notably, the NFT transaction volume on Bitcoin experienced a substantial increase, reaching $121.8 million between Dec. 10 and Dec. 17.Unlike traditional NFTs, Ordinals do not rely on smart contracts pointing to a digital asset. Described as digital artifacts by developer Casey Rodarmor, they lack smart contract features, making their trading reliant on decentralized exchanges and wallets.The Ordinals protocol has been made possible by the Bitcoin Taproot upgrade, which was implemented in November 2021. The upgrade allows digital files to be inscribed on satoshis, the smallest monetary denomination on the Bitcoin network, each with a unique number or ordinal.Strategic focus on BRC-20The OKX NFT Marketplace’s strategic focus on the BRC-20 token standard has also played a role in its success. Collaborating with UniSat, a developer of Ordinals wallets, OKX created an indexing mechanism for BRC-20 transactions built on ordinal inscriptions, further solidifying its position in the market.The Ordinals protocol has not been without controversy, with some, including Adam Back, CEO of Blockstream, criticizing it as a misuse of Bitcoin transaction blockspace. Despite the controversy, Ordinals have gained momentum, contributing to $367 million in sales volume on the Bitcoin network, surpassing Ethereum and Solana.Ordinals and the BRC-20 standard have generally been a boon for Bitcoin miners, boosting their revenues through increased fees. This incentivizes miners to secure the network. Over 49 million transactions have resulted in over 2,250 BTC in transaction fees. Around 6 p.m. UTC on Monday, bitcoin fees are averaging out at $38.43 per transaction.Beyond Bitcoin Ordinals, the broader NFT space has seen a resurgence, with the collective volume nearing $1 billion in November. During that month, the average value of NFT transactions experienced a notable 114% increase, rising from $126 to $270. This suggests a willingness among users to engage in higher-value trades compared to previous months.Speaking with The Block, Nick Ruck, COO of ContentFi Labs, a community-owned Web3 tool suite, had this to say on the development:“OKX has become the number one NFT marketplace after enabling trading of BTC Ordinals NFTs. Blur and OpenSea have not yet allowed trading of these Bitcoin-based NFTs, so they’ve started to fall behind in terms of volume due to the huge demand of Ordinals.”

FTX, the failed cryptocurrency exchange founded by Sam Bankman-Fried, has taken legal action by filing a lawsuit against four former employees of Salameda, a Hong Kong-based affiliate closely linked to the exchange’s former CEO.According to a Delaware bankruptcy court filing in the United States on Thursday, the lawsuit alleges that five individuals exploited their personal connections to prioritize their asset withdrawals from FTX during a period of uncertainty regarding the exchange’s stability. The defendants in question are Salameda’s former employees — Michael Burgess, Matthew Burgess, Kevin Nguyen, and Darren Wong — as well as Michael and Matthew’s mother, Lesley Burgess, and two companies: 3Twelve Ventures and BDK Consulting.Photo by Bermix Studio on Unsplash Preference period clawbackThe critical withdrawals occurred within the 90-day period leading up to FTX’s bankruptcy filing on November 11, commonly referred to as the “Preference Period.” Under US law, customers who withdrew their crypto assets during this timeframe could potentially face lawsuits from the exchange’s creditors seeking to recover these funds, a process known as a “clawback” under bankruptcy regulations.The total value of these suspicious transfers is estimated at $157.3 million, with more than $123 million of that sum withdrawn after November 7, 2022. Michael Burgess is alleged to have received around $73 million of these illicit withdrawals.The lawsuit claims that the individuals leveraged their connections within FTX Group to ensure preferential treatment over other customers. In a specific accusation, Matthew Burgess is said to have engaged other FTX Group employees to expedite certain withdrawal requests from his FTX US exchange accounts while falsely representing the accounts as his own. 11th hour withdrawalsIn this way, Burgess and the other four defendants managed to get funds out when most other FTX customers couldn’t. The final withdrawals were executed only hours before FTX.com suspended all withdrawals on November 8, 2022, according to the lawsuit. As one commentator on X put it, “FTX employees were manually reviewing large withdrawals & pushing some ahead.”The legal filing also delves into the significant profits the defendants reportedly accrued from trading cryptocurrencies in the months leading up to FTX’s collapse. Even after their apparent departure from the FTX Group, Michael Burgess, Nguyen, and Wong actively traded through entities such as 3Twelve and BDK, with monthly trading volumes ranging from $100 million to $400 million.A noteworthy aspect of this activity is that their trading capital was allegedly derived from the FTX Group. The court filing goes on to claim that “Burgess, Nguyen and Wong received substantial transfers of digital assets and fiat currency from exchange accounts associated with FTX Group entities, including approximately 13.1 million FTT sent to Darren Wong, more than 1 million SOL sent to Michael Burgess, and nearly $4 million USD for ‘bonuses’ between Michael Burgess, Nguyen and Wong.” Retail clawback riskThis legal battle and the allegations against the former Salameda employees are being watched closely by other FTX bankruptcy stakeholders. The FTX Debtor has suggested that it will pursue clawbacks vigorously. That has concerned former retail customers who managed to withdraw assets in the final days before the platform collapsed. Equally, it is a worry for current FTX creditors who may have withdrawn some but not all of their assets before the exchange was shuttered.