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India has once again emerged as the global leader in cryptocurrency adoption for the second consecutive year, according to the latest Chainalysis Global Crypto Adoption Index for 2024. Despite strict regulations, including high taxes and restrictions on foreign exchanges, India continues to see widespread participation in digital assets, showcasing resilience in the country’s growing cryptocurrency ecosystem.Photo by Jovyn Chamb on UnsplashIndia leads in crypto adoptionIndia ranked first out of 151 countries in the 2024 Chainalysis report, maintaining its top position from 2023. Indian investors have continued engaging with both centralized and decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms despite regulatory challenges such as the 30% capital gains tax and a 1% tax deducted at source (TDS) on crypto transactions. This activity highlights the country's strong interest in digital assets. India received $143 billion in crypto inflows from July 2023 to June 2024, placing second in the Central and Southern Asia and Oceania (CSAO) region behind Indonesia, which received $157 billion. CSAO as a whole accounted for $750 billion in crypto assets over the same period, making up 16.6% of global crypto activity. Offshore exchange restrictions and workaroundsIn December 2023, India’s Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) issued show-cause notices to nine offshore cryptocurrency exchanges, including Binance, Kraken and KuCoin, for non-compliance with anti-money laundering laws. The FIU also blocked access to these platforms for Indian users. However, many investors found ways to bypass these restrictions, continuing to access these exchanges via pre-downloaded apps. Despite these regulatory hurdles, Binance and KuCoin have since re-entered the Indian market after paying fines and complying with local laws. Binance settled a $2.25 million fine in June 2024, while KuCoin resolved a $41,000 penalty in March 2024. Indonesia’s rapid growth in cryptoIndonesia on the other hand has emerged as the fastest-growing crypto market in the CSAO region, climbing four places to third in the global rankings. The country experienced a nearly 200% year-over-year increase in crypto activity, driven primarily by retail investors seeking alternative investments such as meme coins. Indonesia received $157.1 billion in crypto inflows during the 12-month period, reflecting strong engagement with decentralized finance services. Broader regional trendsSeven of the top 20 countries in Chainalysis’ adoption index come from the CSAO region, including Vietnam, the Philippines and Pakistan. This growth is fueled by investment opportunities and an embrace of digital assets as new financial tools. Countries with lower purchasing power tend to have higher adoption rates, with retail-sized transactions making up a significant portion of activity.India’s resilient crypto marketDespite regulatory challenges, India’s crypto market continues to thrive. The government's strict policies have done little to dampen enthusiasm for digital assets. Chainalysis found that investors remained committed to crypto, even as the country enforces strict tax policies. India’s high adoption rate reflects strong demand and adaptability in the market. Future outlook for India’s crypto ecosystemIndia’s leadership in crypto adoption is expected to continue. The FIU is reviewing applications from more foreign exchanges, with at least two expected to be approved by the end of 2025. As the regulatory landscape evolves, clearer guidelines could encourage further growth and innovation in the digital asset space.

Binance’s U.S. legal woes may have repercussions for its expansion in ThailandWhile Binance, the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, is gearing up for a new trading venture in Thailand, the recent guilty plea by the firm in the United States and the hefty $4.3 billion penalties for anti-money laundering and sanctions violations have raised concerns about the feasibility of its Thai market venture.That’s a consideration that has been raised by a recent report by Bloomberg. Earlier this month, it emerged that Binance had entered the beta testing phase of its Binance.th platform in Thailand. The venture is a collaboration with the local company, Gulf Energy Development Pcl, led by billionaire Sarath Ratanavadi.Photo by Peter Borter on UnsplashCasting a shadow over expansion plansFollowing Founder Changpeng Zhao’s (CZ) departure from the CEO role in the wake of the US criminal probe resolution, Singaporean Richard Teng, a regulator-turned-crypto executive, has taken the helm at Binance. In its report, Bloomberg suggests that these recent issues in the U.S. have “cast a shadow over the planned domestic digital-asset platform” in Thailand.The new Binance CEO has emphasized Binance’s commitment to compliance overhaul and increased corporate transparency. In an interview Ratanavadi expressed confidence in Binance, noting that the company was not accused of crimes such as fraud or misuse of customer funds in the U.S. settlement. He stated:“Binance grew extremely fast and so probably crossed paths with some regulations.”Despite the regulatory storm, Ratanavadi chose Binance due to its market-leading position. The stringent scrutiny by Thailand’s Securities and Exchange Commission and the approval process, including inquiries about Binance, reflect the regulator’s cautious approach. The Gulf Binance Co. platform is set to launch fully in January, with Gulf Energy holding a 51% stake and Binance the remaining share.Challenges in other Asian marketsThe company may also face additional challenges in other Asian markets as a consequence of its regulatory troubles in the United States. While it remains to be seen if this was an unrelated development, it emerged earlier this week that regulators in the Philippines were moving to block access to the Binance platform and curtail the exchange’s ability to target Filipinos through advertising.In South Korea, Binance’s activities in the country have come under renewed scrutiny within the crypto community in the wake of the regulatory penalties Binance has experienced in the U.S. Binance is active in that market through its acquisition of fiat-to-crypto exchange GOPAX. While GOPAX management are unfazed by these events, others have suggested that there may be consequences in terms of the ability of GOPAX to achieve full regulatory approval.Demand reductionAnother challenge for the Thai venture includes a reduction in demand for crypto trading services in the Southeast Asian country. Official data reveals a significant drop in monthly trading volume at licensed digital-asset operators in Thailand, falling from over 250 billion baht in November 2021 to 17 billion baht ($490 million) in September 2023. The number of active trading accounts has plummeted by 87% from the peak in 2021.Ratanavadi, whose net worth is estimated at $11 billion, believes that tighter regulatory oversight will restore investor confidence. Gulf Binance’s technology partner, Advanced Info Service Pcl, with its retail outlets, is expected to contribute to the joint venture’s marketing efforts.

Hong Kong’s Bricks-and-Mortar Crypto Shops Attract Chinese VisitorsHong Kong has become a thriving destination for cryptocurrency enthusiasts, particularly mainland Chinese visitors, due to the ambiguity surrounding the regulatory status of these crypto shops.Despite the illegality of cryptocurrency transactions on the mainland and the ban on overseas exchanges serving onshore clients, Hong Kong allows legal crypto trading, and according to a recent report published by the Financial Times, the autonomous Chinese territory is being accessed by residents of the Chinese mainland for the purpose of trading crypto.Photo by Chapman Chow on UnsplashSurging demandBricks-and-mortar crypto shops, lightly regulated and scattered across the city’s popular tourism and shopping districts, have flourished thanks to the surging demand from mainland Chinese visitors. These stores offer customers the convenience of purchasing digital assets with cash, often without the need to disclose the source of funds or personal information.In contrast to the strict licensing requirements imposed on online exchanges in Hong Kong’s push to become a virtual assets trading hub, these over-the-counter (OTC) crypto stores provide customers with the opportunity to buy large volumes of cryptocurrencies with minimal or no verification checks.Before the border between China and Hong Kong reopened fully in February, mainland Chinese customers accounted for less than 5% of customers at Crypto HK, an OTC crypto outfit with two branches in the city. However, this figure has now increased significantly, making up around half of their customer base.Similarly, One Satoshi, a crypto store with nine branches in Hong Kong, reported trading volumes between January and May 2023 that were 20–25% higher than the same period the previous year. They anticipate a 35–40% increase in trading for the entire year.While some store owners, like Roger Li of One Satoshi, currently decline mainland Chinese customers due to Beijing’s crypto ban, they remain optimistic that restrictions will ease. This belief is prevalent among the crypto community in Hong Kong following the city’s announcement to become a virtual assets hub in October.Regulatory anomalyHong Kong introduced a new regulatory framework for cryptocurrency exchanges in June, requiring all online platforms operating in the city to apply for a license. However, most OTC stores still operate outside the purview of Hong Kong’s Securities and Futures Commission (SFC), presenting an area of further consideration for the government.OTC stores primarily serve as a simple way for users to convert money to and from unlicensed online exchanges, according to Carlton Lai, head of blockchain research at Daiwa Capital Markets. Hong Kong’s lenient regulations and ease of starting such businesses, as long as there is sufficient capital, contribute to the higher number of OTC stores compared to other locations.While some shops welcome increased regulation in the sector, others do not require customers to provide identification, promoting quick and anonymous transactions. However, this falls short of the investor protection measures mandated for online platforms seeking licenses to trade cryptocurrencies to retail clients.The lack of scrutiny faced by Hong Kong’s OTC shops, coupled with their proximity to mainland China — a market that ranked fourth globally for crypto trading in 2022 — makes them appealing to Chinese citizens still interested in the asset class.