India tightens control with 3,000 police officials trained in crypto investigations

South Korea: Crypto Exchange Execs Indicted on Manipulation ChargesA number of executives at Coinone, one of South Korea’s leading cryptocurrency exchanges, have been indicted on charges related to market manipulation.That’s according to a report published by South Korean news outlet, The JoongAng, on Monday. The complaint details no less than forty-six coins that are alleged to have been the subject of manipulation in some form. That represents one in four of the total number of coins that the exchange has enabled for trading on the platform.Photo by Burak The Weekender on PexelsFour executives indictedThe indictment lists four Coinone executives, Mr. Jeon, Mr. Kim, Mr. Ko, and Mr. Hwang. The four have been charged with employing illegal mechanisms to manipulate coin listings, resulting in the four executives profiting to the tune of 2.98 billion Korean Won, which amounts to $2.26 million dollars according to current fx exchange rates.The complaint specifies that these offenses were committed between December 2019 and November 2022. South Korean prosecutors further allege that prior to various projects obtaining a token listing on Coinone, company executives made them sign third-party market-making contracts. That in and of itself is not unusual.One of the key aspects of a new coin listing (and an ongoing listing for that matter), is the need to have sufficient liquidity in place to ensure that the coin can be traded without being susceptible to market manipulation. Low liquidity conditions open the door to bad actors moving the market relative to a particular token.Cross tradingThe indictment is far more specific in calling out illegal cross trading activity. It’s likely that these key Coinone employees would have been expecting such an indictment to land at their doors. Last week, it emerged that LUNA tokens associated with Terraform Labs’ failed Terra USD (TUSD) algorithmic stablecoin project, had been illegally cross traded on three South Korean crypto exchanges: Bithumb, GoPax and Coinone.Cross trading is the practice of trading an asset on an exchange without recording the transaction transparently on the exchange. Strictly speaking, the activity can be legitimate although most exchanges prohibit the practice as it can be used to affect market manipulation.A cross trade could be permitted in a scenario where the price is deemed to be competitive at the time that the trade takes place. While this can more easily be determined in conventional markets as the practice is covered by specific regulation, that’s not the case in most jurisdictions right now where digital asset trading is concerned. By extension, there’s a complete lack of transparency and a lack of reporting.As other market participants don’t have visibility of this type of trading activity, they are unaware as to whether a better price is available on the market or not. In an unregulated state, the practice undermines trust.In the case of Coinone, the executives enabled the practice in order to provide an illusion with regard to trading activity. That meant that trading volumes claimed were inaccurate, misleading ordinary traders and exchange users. Along with trading volume in these coins being artificially boosted, so too were token prices.In the indictment, prosecutors explicitly alleged that cross trading was being employed in an illegal manner:“This price manipulation causes misunderstandings about the trading volume and market price among general members of the exchange, and induces [service users] to participate in the coin transaction and buy the coin.”

Korea’s prominent crypto exchanges Bithumb and Korbit have recently resumed charging trading fees, local media outlet Edaily reported. However, these changes in fee policies are reinforcing Upbit’s dominant market position while downsizing Bithumb’s and Korbit’s market shares. Meanwhile, the local banks affiliated with crypto exchanges are benefitting from an uptick in fee revenue from the recent bitcoin boom. According to crypto data intelligence platform CoinGecko on Feb. 28, Upbit accounted for 77.4% of the local market share in crypto transactions, followed by Bithumb (20.43%), Coinone (1.73%), Korbit (0.35%) and Gopax (0.09%). Photo by Markus Winkler on UnsplashShifts in market sharesAs of March 2, the market shares of Bithumb and Korbit decreased by 8.59 percentage points and 0.21 percentage points, respectively. Conversely, Upbit’s dominance grew to 86.57%, up by over 9 percentage points. A Korbit official said it’s too early to pass judgment on Korbit’s market performance, as the exchange’s policies on trading fees could change depending on the market sentiment. The person added that CoinGecko tracks only eight types of tokens traded on Korbit and does not cover all the transactions on the exchange.  Bithumb had previously benefited from charging no fees, driving up its market share to as high as over 40% in December. Following the decision to impose a fee of 0.04% on Feb. 6, however, the exchange has been experiencing a drop in transaction volume. Korbit also reinstated trading fees last Thursday, roughly four months after eliminating them on Oct. 10 as a promotional move. However, it's worth mentioning that the newly introduced trading fee is 0.07%, which is lower than the earlier rate of 0.2%. Meanwhile, Gopax currently exempts fees for users who trade BTC, ETH, XRP and USDC.  No local regulations on fees for crypto transactions At the moment, there are no local regulations on fees for crypto transactions, leaving the task of setting such fees to individual trading platforms. It is known that crypto exchanges in other countries, such as the U.S., set their own rates as well.  

Report by Xangle and Tiger Research Explores Indonesia’s Web3 PotentialIn partnership with South Korean crypto data platform Xangle, Web3 consulting firm Tiger Research has released a report focusing on the Web3 market in Indonesia. This collaborative project also featured contributions from Jakarta-based blockchain game provider Avarik Saga and Hong Kong-headquartered metaverse company Animoca Brands.In the process of crafting this paper, teams from Tiger Research, Xangle, Avarik Saga, and Animoca Brands spent a week in Indonesia, conducting interviews with local experts.Photo by Nick Agus Arya on UnsplashPositive factorsThe report assesses Indonesia’s Web3 market as having significant potential. It highlights factors such as the country’s status as the world’s fourth-largest population, a youthful demographic with a median age of 30, political stability, and favorable policies towards Web3 technologies. The Indonesian government has adopted a favorable approach to the Web3 industry, providing a range of incentives to boost the growth of the Web3 gaming sector. Additionally, they have taken the initiative to establish a dedicated committee for the blockchain sector within the Indonesia Financial Services Authority (OJK).Crypto exchanges driving growthAs per the report, the Indonesian market is primarily propelled by cryptocurrency exchanges, with over 30 exchanges currently in operation. These exchanges serve a customer base of approximately 10 million individuals, which accounts for around 4% of the country’s population. This is comparable to the number of investors on the Indonesia stock exchange.Several challengesMeanwhile, the paper also highlighted several areas where the world’s largest archipelagic state faces challenges. One of these challenges is its non-fungible token (NFT) market, which has seen a consistent decline in recent months, hitting an all-time low. It was found that most individuals prefer global NFT marketplaces over local ones. Furthermore, concerning the development of the Web3 ecosystem, the shortage of blockchain developers has prompted startups to seek development services overseas.