Asian Firms Feature in Ledger’s Institutional Trading Offering

The Current Status of Crypto in AsiaWith the United States having taken a very harsh line relative to cryptocurrency of late, there has been a lot of chatter surrounding the likelihood of Asia driving crypto forward. With that in mind, we’ve taken a look at the state of crypto in a number of Asian countries.©Pexels/RODNAE ProductionsJapanJapan is among the most crypto-friendly developed nations globally, having acknowledged Bitcoin as a legal payment mode and regulated crypto exchanges in 2017. Bitflyer and Bitbank are among the crypto exchanges operating in Japan, which currently has over 23 authorized crypto exchanges.The country aims to balance consumer protection and innovation by requiring crypto exchanges to register with the FSA, comply with stringent rules on security, anti-money laundering, and reporting, undergo regular FSA audits and inspections, and be part of the Japan Virtual Currency Exchange Association (JVCEA) for self-regulation.Despite being regulated, Japan’s crypto market is lively, with the Yen ranking second for Bitcoin trading volume by currency. The country has a flourishing crypto community, including blockchain firm LayerX, which requires ChatGPT expertise. Japan is also exploring the potential of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and plans to launch a pilot program with private sector partners in 2023 to test their feasibility for various use cases, aligning with the country’s strict approach to crypto.Japan’s crypto taxation is unfavorable, with crypto gains taxed at the same rates as regular income, potentially reaching up to 55% for higher income brackets. However, Japan is one of the few countries with comprehensive guidelines on crypto taxation, with the NTA providing a detailed document that explains different types of transactions and their corresponding tax calculations.ChinaChina’s ban on crypto mining led to many miners moving their operations overseas or selling their equipment at a loss. However, China’s crypto-mining industry bounced back, with a 21% share of the global hash rate. While China has a competitive advantage in cheap electricity, regulatory risks remain.China’s digital yuan is a legal tender fully backed by the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) and pegged to the renminbi. Unlike most cryptocurrencies, it is not decentralized or anonymous but is monitored by the PBOC. Adoption has been slow despite various partnerships and pilot tests, including with WeChat Pay.China is working with other countries on the Multiple CBDC Bridge project to explore the feasibility of cross-border fund transfers among different currencies. Launching its own CBDC may allow China to reduce its reliance on the US dollar and increase its influence over global trade and monetary policy. However, the success of that endeavor is questionable.Hong KongHong Kong is a crypto-friendly jurisdiction that faces banking access and mainland influence challenges. Despite difficulties opening local bank accounts after the closure of two crypto-friendly banks, Hong Kong remains committed to fostering its fintech hub status.The government proposed allowing retail investors to trade cryptocurrencies and ETFs and reviewing property rights for tokenized assets while considering legalizing smart contracts. Crypto purchases for all citizens are due to be legalized in June 2023. These measures should attract more investors and businesses to the city’s crypto industry.Nonetheless, Hong Kong must overcome hurdles regarding banking access and regulatory uncertainty from mainland China to maintain its attractive status for crypto businesses and investors.SingaporeSingapore has a supportive crypto ecosystem and regulations with low tax rates, favorable policies, strong financial center reputation, and proximity to other Asian markets. Notable international crypto players with offices in Singapore include Coinbase, Crypto.com and Kraken.However, Singapore imposes strict rules on crypto service providers to prevent illicit activities, requiring digital payment token (DPT) services to obtain a license under the Payment Services Act or face fines and jail time. Singapore’s crypto industry also faces competition from other jurisdictions, such as Hong Kong and the UAE, offering tax incentives and favorable legal frameworks.IndiaIndia’s crypto industry faces uncertainties due to the lack of a clear regulatory framework and frequent changes in the government’s stance. Despite having a large tech-savvy population and an active crypto community, the industry struggles with regulatory compliance and legal risks. In 2018, the Reserve Bank of India’s ban on banking channels cut off many crypto businesses and users.The Supreme Court of India later overturned the ban, but draft bills to ban or regulate crypto have since been proposed without official introduction or passage. India recently imposed a preemptive ban on crypto advertising and sponsorships and is exploring the integration of a CBDC. India’s position on crypto leans toward the anti-crypto side, just short of an outright ban.For brevity, we’ve confined discussion to these five Asian venues. However, it would be remiss of us not to mention that Vietnam has one of the highest levels of crypto adoption in the world while having a crypto trading ban in place. Not so in South Korea where crypto trading is legal, with strict regulation having been put in place. Meanwhile, Thailand’s Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has approved four cryptocurrencies as tradable assets, with crypto trading in the country having a legal status.It’s difficult to figure out precisely how crypto will develop geographically but it seems certain that its future will be molded to some extent in Asia.

Indonesia’s Financial Regulator Appoints Hasan Fawzi to Oversee CryptoThe Financial Services Authority (OJK) of Indonesia has chosen Hasan Fawzi, a former executive of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), as the head of fintech and digital assets oversight and innovation.That’s according to a number of reports published in local and regional news outlets on Thursday. Fawzi, who has served as the Director of the Indonesia Bond Pricing Agency (IBPA) since 2008, brings a wealth of experience in the securities pricing sector. Alongside Fawzi, Lodewik Paulus Agusman, previously responsible for the internal audit department at Bank Indonesia, has also been elected as a member of the OJK Board of Commissioners. These appointments were approved by the House of Representatives Commission overseeing banking and finance.Photo by Tom Fisk on PexelsDigital asset oversightFawzi’s role as the Executive Director for the Supervision of Technological Innovation in the Financial Sector, Digital Financial Assets, and Crypto-assets places him in charge of overseeing peer-to-peer lending platforms, cryptocurrencies, and other components of the evolving industry.Indonesia’s stance on cryptocurrencies remains complex and multi-faceted. While the country is striving to launch a state-backed crypto exchange by mid-2023, as announced by Didid Noordiatmoko, head of the Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (Bappebti), recent statements by Bali Governor Wayan Koster suggest a tightening of regulations concerning crypto payments.Governor Koster emphasized that foreign tourists who use cryptocurrencies for payments, violate visa provisions, or engage in unauthorized activities will face strict consequences. The Bali Representative Office of Bank Indonesia reiterated that while cryptocurrencies themselves are legal in Indonesia, their use as a payment instrument is not.The appointment of Hasan Fawzi to OJK demonstrates Indonesia’s strategic efforts to strengthen oversight and foster innovation within the fintech and digital asset sectors. Fawzi’s extensive experience in securities pricing and leadership in the Indonesia Stock Exchange make him a valuable addition to the regulatory landscape. As Indonesia navigates the complexities of cryptocurrency usage, it will be fascinating to observe the evolution of regulations and how the country’s financial authorities shape the future of the industry.Controlled innovationThese recent developments highlight Indonesia’s determination to stay at the forefront of financial technology albeit with efforts to retain strict controls over the rollout of that innovation. The country recognizes the importance of effectively regulating emerging technologies while fostering an environment conducive to innovation. With Fawzi at the helm of fintech and digital assets oversight, the OJK aims to strike a balance that protects investors and consumers while promoting technological advancement.As these appointments await final approval from President Joko Widodo, the financial industry and crypto enthusiasts will closely watch Indonesia’s regulatory landscape. The decisions made in the coming months will shape the future of fintech and crypto in the country. Indonesia’s approach to this dynamic sector serves as a case study for other nations seeking to establish oversight and embrace the potential of digital assets. Their international regulatory peers will be monitoring efforts in Indonesia to bring about effective regulation of the digital assets space.

Aptos Labs, the developers behind the Aptos layer-1 blockchain, has entered the Japanese market through the acquisition of HashPalette, a blockchain network concerned with the issuance, management and distribution of non-fungible tokens (NFTs). HashPalette informed stakeholders of the development on Oct. through an X post, alongside a press release published on its behalf by Japanese public relations company PR Times. Photo by Tianshu Liu on UnsplashExpanding Asian presenceUp until now, HashPalette has been a wholly owned subsidiary of HashPort, a blockchain-related consulting and infrastructure provider based in Tokyo. This acquisition sees the project transfer to being a wholly owned subsidiary of Aptos Labs. Accordingly, this will mean that applications developed by HashPalette will be migrated onto the Aptos Network. Similarly, the Palette Chain blockchain will migrate over to Aptos. From Aptos Labs’ perspective, the acquisition enables it to expand its blockchain ecosystem in Japan and within Asia more broadly. Aptos Labs Co-Founder Mo Shaikh described the acquisition as an investment in “the talented builders and creators of the region.”  Deal pending approvals, closing conditionsWhile the parties have announced the acquisition, the deal is still subject to required approvals being granted, together with various closing conditions related to the sale being met. Addressing the need to close out the deal, HashPalette tweeted:“HashPort and Aptos Labs will work closely together in the transition and will take great care to ensure that all stakeholders, including PLT and ELF holders, are not disadvantaged by the migration.” The PLT token is HashPalette’s native token. According to the project’s whitepaper, it has utility when it comes to the payment of NFT issuance fees and node management fees relative to the Palette Chain. Additionally, it can be used to pay for NFTs issued on the Palette Chain and for subscription payments related to applications developed on top of the network. The ELF token is a crypto asset utilized within THE LAND ELF Crossing, an NFT farming game which was developed by HashPalette and issued on the Palette Chain. The game is being marketed in Japan with the assistance of Animoca Brands following a partnership earlier this year. The companies have agreed to gradually migrate NFTs which had been issued on Palette Chain, relative to the EXPO2025 digital wallet developed by HashPort, to the Aptos Network. Once that migration has been achieved, it’s envisaged that the Aptos Network will become the only blockchain associated with the EXPO2025 digital wallet. Unresolved Palette Chain issuesFrom the point of view of the development team behind HashPalette, it was outlined in the press release that the move goes beyond a simple financial transaction. It acknowledged that “Palette Chain still has many issues.”  Against that background, the team believes that in order to further accelerate the social implementation of Web3, it has “considered how to make services built on Palette Chain more scalable and usable, and to enable smoother access to the global Web3 market.” That consideration has brought the project team to the conclusion that migrating to the Aptos Network offers the best path forward. At the time of writing, Aptos’ APT token was trading at $8.93, up 12.44% over the course of 24 hours, according to CoinMarketCap data.