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China’s digital yuan set for deposit-based role in banks next year

Policy & Regulation·December 30, 2025, 7:19 AM

The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) plans to roll out a new structure for its central bank digital currency (CBDC) operations, moving the digital yuan into a deposit-based role within the commercial banking system beginning Jan. 1, 2026.

 

Lu Lei, a deputy governor of the PBOC, announced the update, marking a new direction after nearly a decade of pilot programs. According to a report by FTChinese, the move fits into Beijing’s broader economic planning, as authorities seek to reinforce China’s role in global finance while containing risks tied to loosely regulated digital activity.

 

The deputy governor said China will continue to run the digital yuan under a two-tier system, with the central bank responsible for rules and infrastructure, while commercial banks manage wallets, payments, and compliance. He added that the arrangement is designed to prevent banks from being sidelined and to limit shadow banking risks associated with digital payment platforms outside the regulated system.

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Digital yuan transactions top $2.3T

The announcement comes as use of the digital yuan, known as the e-CNY, continues to rise. By late November 2025, the system had handled 3.48 billion transactions with a total value of 16.7 trillion yuan ($2.3 trillion). There are about 230 million personal wallets and 18.84 million corporate wallets.

 

Beyond domestic use, the e-CNY is being positioned for international trade. Lu pointed to progress on mBridge, a cross-border payments project involving multiple central banks. The platform has processed 4,047 transactions worth the equivalent of 387.2 billion yuan ($55.3 billion), with the digital yuan accounting for about 95.3% of the settlement value.

 

The deputy governor also sounded a note of caution on private-sector innovation, saying the rapid growth of digital assets and stablecoins could complicate the conduct of monetary policy. He said central banks need to ensure that new payment tools do not undermine macroeconomic stability or allow money to circulate beyond regulated channels.

 

Hong Kong to license crypto dealers, custodians

As Beijing moves to strengthen its state-backed currency framework, Hong Kong is also tightening oversight of the crypto market. On Dec. 24, the city’s Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau (FSTB) and the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) released their conclusions on proposed legislation to regulate virtual asset dealing and custodial services.

 

Following the implementation of the Stablecoins Ordinance in August, regulators are now moving to require firms offering crypto dealing or custody services in Hong Kong to obtain licenses and operate under regulatory supervision. They also began seeking feedback on whether to extend oversight to virtual asset advisory and management providers, with the proposed framework modeled on existing securities market rules.

 

In a separate development underscoring the contrast between state-backed and decentralized digital currencies in the region, reports this month pointed to a sharp drop in Bitcoin network activity linked to mainland China.

 

BTC hashrate drop seen amid China mining changes

Kong Jianping, CEO of Nasdaq-listed Web3 infrastructure firm Nano Labs, said on the social media platform X that the global Bitcoin network’s hashrate fell by about 100 exahashes per second, or roughly 8%, around Dec. 15. He attributed the decline to the shutdown of an estimated 400,000 mining rigs, mainly in Xinjiang. A lower hashrate means less computing power is securing the network, reducing competition among miners that validate transactions.

 

China has maintained a broad ban on crypto trading and mining since 2021. Industry outlet Wu Blockchain said the reasons for the latest shutdowns were unclear.

 

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Policy & Regulation·

Sep 25, 2023

Mixin Network Suspends Services Amid $200 Million Hack

Mixin Network Suspends Services Amid $200 Million HackOn Monday, Mixin Network, a decentralized peer-to-peer network whose project team is based in Hong Kong, officially confirmed a substantial security breach that resulted in the loss of approximately $200 million in crypto assets from its mainnet.Photo by GuerrillaBuzz on UnsplashSeptember 23 hackThis incident, disclosed via an X (formerly Twitter) post, prompted the immediate suspension of all deposit and withdrawal services on Mixin Network until further notice.The project team outlined that the hack occurred on September 23, exposing vulnerabilities that allowed malicious actors to compromise the database of a third-party cloud service provider. Mixin Network has taken action to address the situation, enlisting the expertise of Singapore-headquartered blockchain security investigator SlowMist and the support of Google to conduct a thorough investigation and formulate a recovery plan.At the time of the breach, Mixin Network’s holdings included $94.48 million in Ether, $23.55 million in Dai, and $23.3 million in Bitcoin, as reported in an independent investigation by PeckShield. The total value of assets affected amounted to $141.32 million.Cyvers, an Israeli Web3 security firm, has also been looking into the matter on Monday. In a social media post, the firm stated:”Our internal investigation has uncovered suspicious funding transactions involving @MixinKernel hacker addresses. Two of hacker addresses received 51 $ETH from 0x1795F0eBDa5A836aE63F28CE546E72de069A8bd2 who was interacted with @HuobiGlobal and @binance.”The firm goes on to call on Binance and its CEO Changpeng Zhao (CZ) and Huobi to help identify the wallet address in question.Halting withdrawalsIn response to the security breach, Mixin Network has temporarily halted all deposits and withdrawals on its platform. These services will only resume once the vulnerabilities have been identified and fully resolved. On X, the project stated:”Deposit and withdrawal services on Mixin Network have been temporarily suspended. After discussion and consensus among all nodes, these services will be reopened once the vulnerabilities are confirmed and fixed. During this period, transfers are not affected.”Details regarding the plans to recover the lost assets for affected users have yet to be announced.Despite initial promises that Mixin Network’s Founder, Feng Xiaodong, would address the incident in a public Mandarin live stream on September 25, links to the live stream were not provided on the official social media channels or the website mixin.network.The incident has garnered criticism on the basis of a lack of decentralization. One commentator stated:”Some of those blockchain protocols are so decentralized that when their cloud database is hacked, coins are also gone.”Ongoing hacksThis security breach on Mixin Network is the latest in a series of high-profile crypto-related incidents. Ethereum Co-Founder Vitalik Buterin recently fell victim to a SIM swap attack, which resulted in the compromise of his X (formerly Twitter) account.In a statement, Buterin revealed that the hackers had successfully executed a SIM swap, a type of attack that targets the victim’s mobile phone number to gain unauthorized access to various online accounts, including social media, banking, and cryptocurrency platforms.The repercussions of the Mixin Network hack underscore the ongoing challenges faced by the crypto industry in ensuring the security and protection of digital assets. As investigations continue, affected users await further developments and the eventual resumption of deposit and withdrawal services.

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Web3 & Enterprise·

Aug 10, 2023

Web3 Cybersecurity Firm Zyber 365 Raises $100M in Funding

Web3 Cybersecurity Firm Zyber 365 Raises $100M in FundingZyber 365, a pioneering Web3 startup that combines AI, Web3, and cybersecurity, has recently secured $100 million in funding from the UK-based SRAM & MRAM Group.Photo by micheile henderson on Unsplash$1.2 billion valuationThe substantial investment places Zyber 365’s valuation at an impressive $1.2 billion, while marking a significant milestone for the company, underscoring its promising trajectory.Although now headquartered in London, the company’s origins stem from India with a set of Indian founders, while the firm continues to maintain its strategic operational base in India.The company was founded earlier this year by Pearl Kapur and ethical hacker Sunny Vaghela. The startup stands out for its groundbreaking approach to cybersecurity, offering a decentralized and cyber-secured operating system that upholds the core tenets of environmental sustainability.Indian nucleus of operationsNotably, Zyber 365 has earmarked India as the nucleus of its operations, aiming to harness the nation’s tech talent and vibrant ecosystem to fuel its growth. The recent injection of capital will likely play a pivotal role in amplifying Zyber 365’s expansion initiatives, bolstering its technological capabilities, and cementing its global market presence.The SRAM & MRAM Group, no stranger to the tech investment landscape, has previously demonstrated its confidence in innovative startups. In a similar vein, the group invested $100 million in another India-centric blockchain startup, 5ire, in July of the previous year, valuing it at an impressive $1.5 billion.Broad Web3-based product rangeZyber 365’s portfolio spans a wide spectrum of Web3 products, including Layer-0, Layer-1, and Layer-2 blockchains, decentralized identities, data analytics, a software development kit, a web browser, and even non-fungible token (NFT) marketplaces and initial coin offering (ICO) capabilities.These offerings can be seamlessly integrated as part of a comprehensive Web3 ecosystem or employed as standalone applications tailored to specific user requirements.Sunny Vaghela, the Co-Founder and Chief Product Officer (CPO) of Zyber 365, expressed his enthusiasm about the infusion of capital. He emphasized that this financial boost positions the company to expedite the development of its Web3 and AI products, thereby enhancing its presence in the dynamic tech landscape.Vaghela underscored how Zyber 365’s inventive approach to cybersecurity and its commitment to pioneering technologies set it on a remarkable path toward industry leadership.Mahendra Joshi, Director of the SRAM & MRAM Group, echoed Vaghela’s sentiments, lauding Zyber 365’s exceptional team and disruptive technology. Joshi’s confidence in the investment’s potential to drive outstanding growth and success in the coming years reflects the industry’s anticipation of the startup’s continued evolution.In an era where cybersecurity and innovation are paramount, Zyber 365’s substantial funding from the SRAM & MRAM Group heralds a new phase of growth and advancement. Venture capital investment in the digital assets space has contracted significantly since the last bull market. However, as this deal demonstrates, there are signs of green shoots emerging.With its cutting-edge technology and strategic focus on Web3 and AI, the startup has an opportunity to reshape the landscape of cybersecurity while solidifying its status as an industry trailblazer.

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Policy & Regulation·

Jul 04, 2023

Regional Chinese City Enables e-CNY Bus Fare Payments

Regional Chinese City Enables e-CNY Bus Fare PaymentsIt appears with every passing week, there’s a new initiative in China to bring about greater everyday use of the digital yuan. Recent days have not disappointed with the news that Jinan, the capital of China’s Shandong Province, is introducing digital yuan payments throughout its entire bus network.The city initially conducted a pilot phase by testing central bank digital currency (CBDC) payments on two bus lines. After a successful trial period, Jinan has now implemented the new payment method across all its bus routes. According to a recent report by local media outlet Shunwang-Jinan Daily, the city has updated its card readers and bus route software to facilitate digital yuan transactions for passengers.Photo by CHUTTERSNAP on UnsplashDiscounted faresTo encourage the use of the digital yuan, Jinan is offering fare discounts to passengers who opt for CBDC payments. The announcement stated that individuals could enjoy up to two discounted rides per day and a maximum of six discounted rides per month if they choose to pay with the digital yuan.The fare discounts offered for digital yuan payments serve as an incentive for passengers to adopt the new payment method. By enjoying discounted rides, individuals are encouraged to explore the benefits and convenience of using the digital yuan, further driving its adoption in everyday transactions.The acceptance of CBDC payments for bus rides in Jinan represents a significant step towards the integration of digital currencies into everyday transactions. As China continues to expand the use cases for the digital yuan, it is likely to pave the way for further adoption and exploration of CBDCs globally.Broader adoption strategyThis move aligns with the broader initiative in China to promote the adoption of the digital yuan. In April, the city of Changshu announced that it would begin paying civil servant salaries with the CBDC, including personnel at all levels of public service, public institutions, and state-owned units, starting from May.Furthermore, China has implemented its CBDC for various purposes, such as the Belt and Road initiative and cross-border trades. In Xuzhou, a city serving as a departure point for trains transporting goods to Europe, a plan was issued in April to promote the use of the CBDC in cross-border trade.Last month, e-CNY ATMs were introduced in the resort city of Sanya to enable foreign visitors to purchase the CBDC. In May, regional authorities in Jiangsu Province set about establishing use of the digital yuan within the region’s education system.On an international level, French bank BNP Paribas has partnered with the Bank of China (BOC) to facilitate the adoption of the digital yuan. This collaboration enables BNP Paribas’ corporate clients to connect with BOC’s system, allowing for real-time transactions using the digital yuan. The partnership advances China’s desire to bring the cross-border trade capabilities of the e-CNY into play on an international basis.As China continues to lead the way in CBDC implementation and explores new use cases, the digital yuan’s influence is expected to extend globally, transforming how we transact and interact with currencies in the digital age.

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