Regulatory crackdown as Hong Kong authorities act against crypto entities

Circle and SBI Holdings join forces to propel USDC growth in JapanIn a move aimed at advancing the adoption of the USD Coin (USDC) in the Japanese market, stablecoin issuer Circle and Japanese financial behemoth SBI Holdings have entered into a memorandum of understanding (MOU).Photo by Alex Knight on UnsplashBanking and distributionThe collaboration, outlined in a press release published on Monday, seeks to enhance the circulation of USDC, establish a robust banking relationship and broaden the footprint of Circle in the Asian nation.Key subsidiaries of SBI Holdings are set to play pivotal roles in this strategic partnership. SBI’s VC Trade Limited, among others, will actively engage by applying for licensing as an electronic payment instruments service, facilitating the distribution of USDC across Japan. Notably, this move aligns with efforts to propel the electronic payment ecosystem in the country.Further solidifying the collaboration, SBI’s Shinsei Bank will provide crucial banking services that empower access to USDC and enhance liquidity for businesses and users based in Japan. This initiative not only promotes the widespread usage of USDC but also establishes a secure financial infrastructure for its seamless integration into the Japanese market.Web3 service offeringAs part of this collaboration, the SBI Group plans to incorporate Circle’s Web3 Services solutions, encompassing programmable wallets, blockchain infrastructure and smart contract management tools.Circle has been busy in recent weeks, rolling out partnerships in the Asian region that will see greater use of its Web3 Services suite. In Taiwan, it partnered with a convenience store chain recently, in a move that will integrate its Web3 services into the Taiwan FamilyMart app. A similar deal was struck in September with Grab, a Southeast Asian multifaceted super-app.Jeremy Allaire, CEO of Circle, expressed the groundbreaking nature of this partnership, envisioning USDC as a stablecoin that can be extensively utilized in Japan’s burgeoning on-chain economy across various consumer-led Web3 product categories.Allaire had signaled an interest in delving further into the Japanese market back in July. Then, he suggested that the company might consider launching a stablecoin in Japan but that it was also interested in exploring partnerships in the East Asian country.Yoshitaka Kitao, CEO of SBI Holdings, commended Japanese authorities for creating a regulatory environment conducive to the adoption of stablecoins within the region. In June, Japan passed legislation mandating that stablecoins must be fully backed by highly liquid cash and cash-equivalent assets, preventing a recurrence of issues experienced by certain stablecoins.SBI’s digital asset involvementWhile Circle has very much been advancing its service offering in the Asian region in 2023, likewise SBI has been delving further into the realm of digital assets and Web3. In April it led a funding round into Standard Chartered subsidiary company Zodia Custody, a digital asset custodian. SBI has also invested in Zodia Markets, an exchange and brokerage platform which is also a Standard Chartered subsidiary company.SBI Holdings established the Osaka Digital Exchange (ODX) in 2021, a crypto exchange business which will commence security token trading next month. In a social media post on the X platform, Allaire highlighted SBI’s involvement in the digital assets space:“Importantly, Kitao-san is not a ‘johnny come lately’ to crypto and blockchain tech. He has understood it and invested in it for nearly a decade. SBI Holdings already operates digital asset trading, brokerage and cross-border payments solutions.”

The Turkish government is on the verge of finalizing comprehensive regulations for the cryptocurrency market. It has been known for a number of months that Turkey had been working towards the production of a regulatory framework for crypto, with the primary objective of securing the country’s removal from the Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF) "grey list." According to revelations from Minister of Treasury and Finance Mehmet Simsek, who participated in an interview with the Anadolu Agency on Wednesday, those regulations are now nearing completion.Photo by Emre on UnsplashFramework in advanced stagesSimsek disclosed key elements of the forthcoming regulations, emphasizing the government's commitment to legally defining critical concepts in the crypto space, licensing trading platforms and aligning with the standards set by FATF. The crypto framework tailored for the Turkish market is in the advanced stages of development, with a meticulous evaluation of its technical aspects underway, noted Simsek. The overarching goal is to mitigate the risks associated with crypto trading, especially for ordinary investors, aligning with international standards to facilitate the country's removal from the FATF's grey list. Licensing and defined termsSimsek outlined the forthcoming guidelines, stating that crypto platforms will be mandated to acquire licenses from Turkey's Capital Markets Board (CMB). A number of months ago, Bora Erdamar, the director of the BlockchainIST Center, an Istanbul-based university research and development center for blockchain technology, had underscored the importance of establishing licensing standards as part of the new crypto framework. Erdamar claimed that would be necessary in order to “prevent abuse of the system.” Erdamar is of the view that any such regulatory framework may include digital security protocols, advanced custody services, compulsory proof of reserves and capital adequacy requirements. It’s understood that the regulations will provide legal definitions for essential terms such as "crypto assets," "crypto wallets," "crypto asset service providers," "crypto asset custody service" and "crypto asset buying and selling platforms." As an example, Simsek clarified the definition of crypto assets as "intangible assets that can be created and stored electronically using distributed ledger technology or a similar technology, distributed over digital networks, and capable of expressing value or rights." While emphasizing the reduction of risks in crypto trading, Simsek clarified that the regulations would not encompass the specific tax regime for virtual assets. The proposed regulations have long been under consideration as Turkish authorities aim to bring clarity to the crypto market. The Minister assured that the crypto legislative proposals would be finalized this month, preceding the FATF evaluation scheduled for February. Notably, between July 2022 and June 2023, Turkey ranked fourth globally in raw crypto transaction volumes, recording approximately $170 billion in activity, trailing behind the United States, India and the United Kingdom, as reported by the blockchain analytics firm Chainalysis. A report by KuCoin last year identified a marked increase in adoption in Turkey.  It’s believed that wayward inflation over recent years relative to the Turkish lira is playing a large part in that trend. In recent weeks the Turkish president took the step of appointing an expert in blockchain and crypto assets to the central bank’s rate-setting committee. 

India is strategically navigating the development of its digital rupee, with the Reserve Bank (RBI) actively addressing privacy concerns through technological solutions in its central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilot programs. According to a recent report by CoinDesk, a senior official with insights into these initiatives revealed that while progress is evident, the RBI is proactively exploring ways to ensure privacy in the use of the digital rupee.Photo by Julian Yu on UnsplashPursuing mechanisms to maintain anonymityThe RBI has introduced a new dimension to the discourse on privacy concerns associated with CBDC usage. The central bank official suggested that the RBI may seek legal backing from India’s finance ministry to enact legislation allowing customers to delete transactions for the purpose of maintaining anonymity. New-found urgencyPublic statements from the RBI suggested a lack of urgency in implementing a full-scale retail CBDC, coupled with a reluctance to provide a specific timeline. However, recent events indicate that an underlying sense of urgency may be emerging. In the past month, the retail CBDC achieved a notable milestone, processing one million transactions in a single day, with support from various banks. Several banks, including HDFC Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Axis Bank, Canara Bank, IDFC First Bank and Union Bank of India, reportedly encouraged their employees to deposit funds in CBDC instead of fiat currency, contributing to this achievement. The official overseeing the CBDC development emphasized the necessity for experimentation and substantial efforts to ensure the security of the digital currency. While the settlement aspect is considered straightforward, addressing latency remains a priority for the RBI. No mandate on taxThe RBI, historically known for its opposition to crypto both domestically and globally, clarified that crypto taxation is not within its mandate. This clarification suggests that the RBI might not object if the Indian government decides to reduce the stringent taxes currently imposed on cryptocurrencies. The central bank clarified that it lacks the mandate to express a viewpoint on reducing a contentious tax that has stirred debate within the crypto industry. The RBI has been a driving force behind the adoption of wholesale and retail CBDC since late 2022 when it initiated pilot programs. The official emphasized that taxation matters fall under the government’s purview, reinforcing the RBI’s focus on its designated responsibilities. Similarly, the country’s judiciary recently turned down a plea to have it formulate a crypto regulatory framework, outlining that this too is up to the government to address. The central bank has a historical context of attempting to ban cryptocurrencies, with effective prohibitions in place between 2018 and 2020 until a Supreme Court order overturned the ban. Since then, the RBI has consistently expressed concerns about cryptocurrencies in various forums, including the Group of 20, where India played a leading role in coordinating global regulation in the crypto space. Recent utterances from the RBI governor, Shaktikanta Das, suggest that the regulator is disinterested in seeing the offering of spot crypto exchange-traded funds (ETFs) in India despite that eventuality coming to pass last month in the United States. Das also spoke positively recently about the tokenization of real-world assets using blockchain technology.