Korean FSS Governor meets U.S. SEC Chair Gensler to cooperate on crypto regulations

Korea requires lawmakers and senior officials to declare crypto holdingsSouth Korea’s Ministry of Government Legislation announced on Thursday (local time) that 84 new legislative statutes are set to be implemented in December. Among these statutes, an amendment to the Public Service Ethics Act stands out, which will require lawmakers and senior government officials to report their virtual asset holdings.Photo by Huy Phan on UnsplashStarting Dec 14The Public Service Ethics Act requires public officials in political service, government officials of rank four or higher and executives of public service-related organizations to declare their own wealth as well as that of their spouses and lineal relatives. In Korea, public servants are ranked from one to nine, with one being the highest and nine being the lowest. As it stands, disclosing cryptocurrency holdings isn’t mandated, but this will change from Dec. 14 due to recent amendments. Records of cryptocurrency transactions will also be subject to disclosure.Possible restrictions on departments or employeesFurthermore, the leader of a national or local government organization has the authority to enforce restrictions on the acquisition of virtual assets for specific departments or employees under their jurisdiction. This action is applicable if their roles are associated with accessing cryptocurrency information or having an impact on the crypto market. In such scenarios, the chief officer is obligated to report their methods of imposing these restrictions to the pertinent government ethics committee. The committee then holds the right to recommend adjustments to these strategies.

Strengthened KYC Spurs More Suspicious Transaction Reports from Korean Crypto ExchangesIn South Korea this year, there has been a significant surge in the number of suspicious transaction reports (STRs) related to cryptocurrencies, according to local news agency Yonhap.This increase is primarily attributed to cryptocurrency exchanges fortifying their Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures. This proactive response follows the controversy surrounding lawmaker Kim Nam-kuk’s significant virtual asset holdings, which were unveiled in May. His scandal came to light when a substantial amount of WEMIX tokens, valued in billions of Korean won, were transferred from the Bithumb exchange to the Upbit exchange. Upbit, deeming it a suspicious transaction, promptly reported the matter to the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) of the Financial Services Commission (FSC).Photo by ron dyar on UnsplashGrowing number of suspicious transaction reportsAs the scandal continued to gain traction, the political realm reached a consensus to conduct investigations into the cryptocurrency holdings of all lawmakers. Additionally, the National Human Rights Commission of Korea initiated the tracking of all lawmakers’ cryptocurrency holdings last month, a process set to span 90 days.Data received by lawmaker Yoon Young-deok on October 30 from the FIU reveals that the number of STRs originating from virtual asset service providers (VASPs) has reached 11,646 in the first nine months of this year. This figure has already exceeded last year’s total of 10,797 STRs.Under the current Act on Reporting and Using Specified Financial Transaction Information, commonly referred to as the Financial Transaction Reporting Act, VASPs are mandated to report to the FIU if they have reasonable grounds to suspect that a customer’s financial transactions are connected to illicit property, money laundering, or terrorist financing. The Act has been in full effect since October 2021.In 2021, a total of 199 reports were submitted under this Act. The number of reports surged to over 10,000 the following year, and in the current year, it continues to grow at an even faster rate. The FIU reviews and analyzes these STRs in accordance with Article 10 of the Financial Transaction Reporting Act. It forwards the relevant information to law enforcement agencies only when it is deemed necessary for the investigation of a specific criminal case.Enhanced but varied approaches by exchangesCrypto exchanges have bolstered their customer verification requirements, especially for customers deemed to have a high risk of involvement in money laundering, in accordance with the Financial Transaction Reporting Act. This entails the need for additional scrutiny of the source of funds and the purpose behind transactions. Notably, if customer verification appears suspicious, exchanges are mandated to confirm the authenticity of the information using reliable documents.However, it’s important to note that the enforcement decree accompanying this Act grants exchanges the flexibility to verify documents based on their own business guidelines. This autonomy has been provided to assist exchanges in effectively mitigating money laundering risks by taking into account their individual business rights and characteristics.For instance, Upbit, South Korea’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, has implemented a fraud detection system (FDS) powered by artificial intelligence to continuously monitor and identify fraudulent transactions. This initiative has earned Upbit recognition from the FIU as an outstanding organization for reporting suspicious transactions during the first half of this year.On the contrary, Bithumb has devised and applies internal guidelines dedicated to anti-money laundering (AML) measures. The exchange has instituted a streamlined customer verification process for customers who are assessed as having a low likelihood of being engaged in money laundering activities. However, this simplified process is not extended to individuals from countries that have not adopted the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).Korbit monitors information related to customer verification through a dedicated department. It declines transactions for customers who have not undergone sufficient verification and validation procedures.Coinone’s AML department examines customer transactions comprehensively. It maintains ongoing reviews of customer information, business operations, risk assessments, and the source of funds. If any of these aspects are found to be suspicious or inadequate, the AML department proceeds with additional customer verification, including the disclosure of the source of funds.Some raise concerns about the inconsistency in customer verification standards for AML and STRs across different exchanges. When one exchange flags a transaction as suspicious, another might see it as routine. Such discrepancies highlight the need for uniform guidelines. Addressing this, the Digital Asset eXchange Association (DAXA), consisting of Korea’s five leading currency exchanges — Upbit, Bithumb, Coinone, Korbit, and Gopax — has set up an AML division to devise standardized rules for STRs.

Upbit lists Tottenham Hotspurs fan tokenSouth Korea’s largest cryptocurrency exchange Upbit listed a fan token for the Tottenham Hotspurs — a world-renowned football club of the English Premier League and home to captain Son Heung-min, who also leads the South Korean national team — on its BTC market on Thursday (KST), according to an official announcement on the exchange’s homepage. Listed under the ticker symbol SPURS, the token is worth about KRW 6,000 ($4.60) as of this writing.Photo by Memories on 35mm on UnsplashExpanding football’s presence in cryptoUpbit added a total of 23 tokens to its BTC market this year, eight of which are fan tokens associated with football clubs, including Tottenham Hotspurs, AC Milan, Arsenal F.C., Atlético de Madrid, FC Barcelona, Manchester City F.C., Inter Milan and SSC Napoli, which the exchange signed a two-year partnership contract with in January. The team notably houses one of South Korea’s top footballers Kim Min-jae. Upbit also previously listed a Paris Saint-Germain token in 2021, which player Lee Kang-in recently joined this year.With the most recent addition of SPURS, Upbit now supports a total of ten football club fan tokens — all of which can only be traded on the sports blockchain network Chiliz Chain — highlighting its recognition of the sport’s popularity among Koreans. In particular, the Chiliz token (CHZ) also experienced a 10% price boost on Thursday when SPURS was listed.Upbit’s focus on footballHowever, Upbit’s consistent listing of football-related tokens contrasts with its overall modest approach to listing new cryptocurrencies this year. The exchange has introduced just 12 cryptocurrencies so far this year on its Korean won-denominated market, which is just a fraction of the 88 that were listed by Bithumb, South Korea’s second-largest exchange.Bithumb, which had already been supporting trading for SPURS on its Korean won-dominated market, also saw the token’s price double as a result of Upbit’s listing, jumping from around KRW 5,500 to KRW 11,300.