Nomura Subsidiary Achieves In-Principle Approval in Abu Dhabi

Singapore Bank Opens Branch in the MetaverseSingapore’s OCBC Bank has made its debut in the Metaverse with the opening of OCBCx65Chulia in Decentraland, a virtual platform that uses blockchain technology. The bank occupies nine plots of virtual land and visitors can access its website to open a bank account, apply for a credit card, and learn about its historical milestones and latest banking products and services.©Pexels/Andrea PiacquadioThe virtual branch got its name from its headquarters located at 65 Chulia St, OCBC Centre, Singapore. It is designed after OCBC Bank’s red logo, “a nod to the bank’s rich heritage,” the bank said in a statement.Reaching a larger and younger audienceOCBCx65Chulia represents a new way to connect with the younger generation, the bank added. “With the Bank’s arrival in the Metaverse, customers gain an additional access point that also represents a new way to engage with the younger crowd,” it said.The bank aims to tap into this emerging technology to reach a larger audience, said Peter Koh, Head of Group Technology Architecture at OCBC Bank.“Many have doubted the purpose of the Metaverse. Though a nascent and evolving space that we are still working to understand, the Metaverse remains one of the newer ways to make a connection. We are ready to tap on these, as they emerge, to reach a larger audience. At the same time, through experimentation and collaborating with an industry player, our younger colleagues can learn and develop themselves,” he said.GamificationIn the third quarter of 2023, OCBCx65Chulia will involve gamification, the bank said. This enhancement will come from the winning ideas of a group of Nanyang Polytechnic (NYP) Diploma in Interaction Design students who won the associated hackathon held in February 2023. The bank also collaborated with Web3 firm Memotics, an expert in emotive and social spaces through digital architectural design.Broader banking interestOCBC Bank, which opened its doors in 1932, is the second-largest in Southeast Asia by assets, according to Forbes. It is not the first bank in Singapore to venture into the Metaverse. Last year, DBS partnered with decentralized gaming virtual world The Sandbox to create an interactive Metaverse experience called DBS BetterWorld, which also forms part of its sustainability agenda.In February of last year JPMorgan became the first bank to enter the metaverse. At the time, it launched its virtual Onyx Lounge within Decentraland’s Metajuku Mall. The lounge featured a portrait of JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon, a spiral staircase and a dynamic roaming tiger.It also took the opportunity to release its “Opportunities in the Metaverse” report, in which it estimated a trillion dollar metaverse opportunity over the next few years. The metaverse has seen a plethora of well known corporations enter the space in recent times, including Gap, Adidas, PwC, Verizon and Nike.OCBC Bank’s move to the Metaverse represents a new era of banking where technology is used to reach a larger audience, especially the younger generation. With the Metaverse still being a nascent and evolving space, it is a new way to connect, engage, and experiment with the digital world.The gamification element in OCBCx65Chulia also shows how banks are exploring ways to make banking more interactive and fun. It will be interesting to see how other banks and financial institutions will follow suit and use the Metaverse to engage with customers and provide innovative services in the future.

MAS and NY Fed Publish Report on CBDC Cross-Border PaymentsNew York’s Federal Reserve Bank and the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) have collaborated on an endeavor titled “Project Cedar Phase II x Ubin+,” examining the use of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) for wholesale cross-border payments using one or more vehicle currencies.The joint effort has culminated in the publication of a report detailing their findings and results. Commenting on the initiative, MAS Managing Director Leong Sing Chiong stated:“The Cedar x Ubin+ experiment envisages a future digital currency landscape where central banks can enable interoperability of wholesale CBDCs to facilitate more efficient cross-border payment flows including for less liquid currencies, without requiring a common infrastructure.”Photo by NASA on UnsplashExploiting positive DLT characteristicsSpecifically, the New York Innovation Center (NYIC) of the NY Fed was the entity that contributed directly towards the research project. The work built on previous phases of Project Cedar. The objective was to explore perceived advantages of digital ledger technology (DLT) such as reduced settlement risk and reduced settlement time, in the context of cross-border payments.The conventional system primarily uses the SWIFT financial messaging network. The approach is highly inefficient. It’s time-consuming and needlessly ties capital up in vostro and nostro accounts (accounts held for another entity from an account another entity holds). Tying up capital proves to be a liquidity headache for corporations and any business entity that gets involved with international trade settlement.Smart contracts and off-chain messagingAgainst that backdrop, the project team was focusing on harnessing the ability to effect atomic or real-time settlement using DLT. Having commenced the work in November, the project team decided to rely on hashed timelock smart contracts in order to bridge distinct ledgers, so as to effect cross-currency and cross-border transactions.According to the report, the proposed system also relied on off-chain messaging functionality. Cross-border trade settlement often involves a number of stakeholders. Off-chain messaging can be beneficial in disseminating information relative to the process to all stakeholders.The researchers found that each simulated payment scenario achieved end-to-end settlement in under thirty seconds on average, realizing the goal of near real-time settlement. In turn, that speed of settlement meant that stakeholders could be notified of payment finality within a matter of seconds. Certainty of settlement, and thus reduction in counterparty risk was achieved by simulating atomic settlement, such that transactions only settled if all legs in the cross-currency payment chain executed successfully.From the point of view of interoperability and autonomy, the experiment demonstrated the ability to safely execute across multiple ledgers without the need to involve a centralized clearing authority or the establishment of a shared central network.The Bank of International Settlement (BIS) recently highlighted the finding that on a daily basis, $2.2 trillion of foreign exchange transactions don’t use a payment versus payment (PvP) settlement mechanism. PvP is a less risky form of settlement where two currency legs are exchanged simultaneously. Singapore is more exposed than most in this regard. Therefore, the use of DLT to counteract that risk in line with the experiment’s findings would be a progressive step.

Socket, a cross-chain infrastructure protocol, and its interoperability bridging platform, Bungee, have restarted operations following a temporary pause prompted by an exploit that led to the apparent theft of $3.3 million.Photo by Anna Tarazevich on PexelsSecurity incidentTaking to the company’s Discord, Socket team hospitality lead Taylor Melvin clarified that it had “experienced a security incident which affected wallets with infinite approvals to Socket contracts.” The incident, which occurred on Tuesday, involved an unknown attacker draining millions worth of stablecoins and other tokens from the Bungee bridging aggregator. The attackers targeted wallets with infinite approvals to Socket contracts, exploiting authorizations for blockchain-based tools that allow applications to access tokens in a user's wallet. Security researcher "@speekaway" was the first to flag the exploit on Tuesday. The attacker's wallet, connected to the exploit, held nearly $3 million in ether (ETH) and $300,000 worth of other tokens. By 2:47 p.m. ET, the attack seemed to have ceased, with the researcher recommending users to revoke approvals for Socket to safeguard their assets. Pausing contractsIn response to the security breach, Socket announced the pause of affected contracts on Tuesday at 3:15 p.m. ET. The project's team promptly identified and addressed the issue, taking swift action to mitigate the exploit's impact. @speekaway chimed back in once contracts had been paused, writing:”Think this pause fixed it, very likely no more attacks are possible. So if you are currently freaking out about revoking you can probably relax.” Normal service returnsAs Socket paused activity during the incident, preventing further propagation of the attack, developers worked to fix the issue. Early Wednesday, Socket developers announced that the problem had been resolved, and normal activities had resumed. The team also stated that plans for compensation were in progress. Cross-chain bridges, like Socket's Bungee, facilitate token transfers between different blockchains but remain susceptible to exploitation. Blockchain security and data analytics company PeckShield confirmed that at least $3.3 million had been lost, highlighting the need for enhanced security measures in the rapidly evolving blockchain ecosystem. The exploit involved the exploitation of a recently added route, which has since been disabled. The attacker targeted users who had over-approved Socket, draining funds up to the limit of their approval. This incident follows the $81 million hack of Orbit Chain, a cross-chain bridge connecting Ethereum to other networks, earlier in January. Cross-chain tools' complexity contributes to the frequency of such attacks, emphasizing the importance of understanding the security measures in place when utilizing these bridges. In a message to CoinDesk, Sergey Nazarov, co-founder of Chainlink, emphasized the need for users to scrutinize the security of their chosen bridge, considering the various levels of cross-chain security. With the complexities involved, users are encouraged to be vigilant and informed about the security spectrum of the bridges they employ. Socket was founded by Indian duo Rishabh Khurana and Vaibhav Chellani. In September, the company raised $5 million, with funding coming from Framework Ventures and Coinbase Ventures.