Korean Firms Join Forces to Expand the Security Token Market

The Inland Revenue Board (IRB) of Malaysia has launched an operation, which has been dubbed as “Ops Token,” to tackle tax evasion within crypto trading circles in the southeast Asian nation. Klang Valley raids According to the Malaysian English language newspaper, The Star, the special operation is a coordinated effort involving the Royal Malaysia Police and CyberSecurity Malaysia (CSM) alongside the IRB. The Malaysian tax authority raided ten locations, with 38 personnel involved in the raids, which were carried out within the Klang Valley region. The main objective of the raids and the operation overall, is to identify crypto corporate entities and individuals that had failed to report trading activities and therefore, associated revenues, profits and taxes. The initiative aligns with the Malaysian government’s broader strategy of stamping out tax evasion across all sectors, reducing revenue leakage and optimizing the nation’s tax take.Photo by Esmonde Yong on UnsplashStern warning for traders Datuk Abu Tariq Jamaluddin, CEO of the IRB, issued a stern warning to crypto traders: declare and pay taxes or face compliance actions. Jamaluddin clarified that crypto traders are subject to the same income tax rules that are applied to businesses across various sectors throughout Malaysia. While cryptocurrency is not regarded as legal tender by Malaysia’s central bank, crypto-centric businesses must adhere to the nation's income tax regulations. The IRB commented on the operation via a statement published on June 15. It stated: "Through this operation, it was possible to find stored cryptocurrency trading data in mobile devices and computers. We have successfully identified the digital assets that are traded, which has caused significant tax revenue leakage." The agency intends to carry out further analysis on the data that it seized in a bid to ascertain the trading revenues generated, the profits derived from that trading activity and the taxes owed as a consequence. The IRB has asserted that a number of corporate entities and partnerships were specifically formed with the purpose of tax evasion. The agency estimates the total value of crypto-related transactions to date in 2024 to amount to 1.441 trillion Malaysian ringgits, approximately $310 billion. International enforcement efforts Malaysia is not alone in its efforts to ensure tax compliance relative to cryptocurrency trading and investing. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has established a set of crypto tax rules, namely the Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF). The initiative is part of an effort to achieve a Common Reporting Standard (CRS) relative to crypto on an international basis, with OECD member states transposing the CARF into domestic law. The CARF is due to go live in 2027. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) maintains that crypto presents itself as a major headache for tax authorities globally. In a research paper published last year, it outlined that countries would need to update their tax systems in order to deal with the challenge that crypto presents with the potential for a leakage in tax revenues. In the United States, an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) official stated in December 2023 that the agency has seen an increase in its caseload relative to crypto tax cases.

In a move to enhance the oversight of cross-border wire transfers involving virtual assets, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), the central bank of the Philippines, is fortifying the implementation of regulations relative to crypto transfers.Photo by C Bueza on UnsplashTravel rule clarificationsLocal news outlet, the English language newspaper The Philippine Star reported that central bank memorandum 2023-042 provides clarifications on the travel rule for virtual asset service providers (VASPs). The travel rule requires financial institutions to pass on information to the next institution where a transaction takes place. The BSP aims to bring greater clarity to several aspects, including the applicability of the P50,000 transaction threshold and expectations regarding transactions involving jurisdictions without travel rules. Additionally, further interpretation is being provided concerning the extension of the Philippine travel rule to non-custodial VASPs and regulatory expectations surrounding transactions with unhosted wallets or crypto wallets controlled directly by their owners, rather than managed by third-party service providers. FATF compliance ambitionThis regulatory move is in response to the directives from the Paris-based Financial Action Task Force (FATF). In 2021 the Philippines came under greater scrutiny from the intergovernmental organization, when it was included on its "gray list," making it a candidate for increased monitoring. The FATF has called upon the Philippines to establish guidelines for the travel rule to prevent terrorists and criminals from exploiting virtual asset transfers for the unrestricted movement of their assets and to detect and prevent misuse effectively.BSP-supervised financial institutions (BSFIs) are now mandated to scrutinize specific details of virtual asset transfers, including the originator's name, account number used in the transaction, originator's physical address or national identity and the beneficiary's name and account number. International moves towards complianceThis latest move by the Philippine central bank is not unusual. In recent months, a plethora of similarly motivated central banks around the world have tightened up on crypto regulation as it relates to the FATF directives. Being on the FATF's "gray list" is bad for a country’s reputation. It has the potential to result in loss of investor confidence and lead to higher compliance costs and greater monitoring. Additionally, it may have an impact on trade relations and damage a country’s ability to access international finance.  Turkey has also found itself on the organization’s gray list. Working towards repairing that situation, Turkey is in the process of establishing a crypto regulatory framework that will be FATF compliant.In May, Pakistan went a step further in banning cryptocurrency. At the time, its Minister of State for Finance and Revenue, Aisha Ghaus Pasha, stated that the ban had been a requirement for Pakistan’s removal from the FATF gray list. A tightening of crypto regulations has also occurred in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and in Hong Kong more recently, as those territories work towards ensuring FATF compliance. The BSP emphasizes that transactions not surpassing the P50,000 threshold or its equivalent in foreign currency must include the names and account numbers of both the originator and beneficiary. Both originating and beneficiary VASPs are required to establish and adhere to robust sanction screening procedures, ensuring compliance with sanctions lists and preventing transactions involving sanctioned individuals, entities, or jurisdictions.

Circle Considers Issuing Stablecoin in JapanCircle, the US-headquartered payment services company and stablecoin issuer, is considering issuing a stablecoin in Japan following the implementation of new regulations on stablecoins.Jeremy Allaire, Co-Founder and CEO of Circle, expressed his interest in exploring partnerships in Japan due to the significant potential of the market under the new rules.Photo by Su San Lee on UnsplashGrowing importance of stablecoinsIn an interview with CoinDesk Japan recently, Allaire highlighted the growing importance of stablecoins in cross-border trade, foreign currency transactions, and global commerce. He believes that Japan, with its recently established framework for the use of overseas stablecoins, has positioned itself as a pioneering country in this regard. Allaire described the stablecoin bill as the Japanese government’s and the Financial Services Agency’s most significant achievement.The revised Payment Services Act in Japan recognizes stablecoins backed by legal tender as an “electronic payment method” and allows for their issuance. However, stringent rules are in place for stablecoin issuers.These include the requirement for stablecoins to be pegged to the yen or other legal tender and the guarantee of redeemability at face value for holders. Only licensed financial institutions, such as banks, registered money transfer agents, and trust companies, will be authorized to issue stablecoins.Breaking into AsiaAllaire emphasized Circle’s interest in establishing partnerships within Japan, a country he recently visited. Circle has already obtained a Major Payment Institution (MPI) license in Singapore, enabling the company to offer various digital payment services, cross-border money transfers, and domestic money transfer services.The Japanese market has witnessed major financial institutions exploring stablecoin initiatives. Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation (MUFJ), for instance, announced its plans to launch its own stablecoin platform named Progmat last month. MUFJ also entered into a partnership with Japanese blockchain interoperability solutions provider, Datachain, recently. It’s thought that the move will facilitate both parties in undertaking further work on stablecoin-related initiatives.Circle’s consideration of issuing a stablecoin in Japan underscores the company’s recognition of the country’s regulatory advancements and the potential for stablecoin adoption. As stablecoins gain further traction globally, Japan’s new framework positions it as an important market for Circle and other players in the industry.It’s not just Japan that highlights the need for further stablecoin development. A new policy proposal was published in Hong Kong earlier this week that made a point of urging the Hong Kong authorities to issue its own Hong Kong dollar-backed stablecoin.The objective of such an initiative would be to compete on an international basis with leading US dollar stablecoins such as Circle’s USDC and USDT/Tether. By being proactive in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region, Circle could head off rising potential challenges such as that suggested by these stablecoin researchers in Hong Kong.The partnership opportunities in Japan align with Circle’s mission to facilitate efficient and secure digital transactions, and it will be intriguing to observe how the company navigates this emerging landscape in the months to come.