Tether fueling Cambodia’s dark economy despite ban

Korean Crypto Exchanges Struggle Despite Market RecoveryThe results of a recent study by the South Korean Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) released on Monday revealed that ten domestic cryptocurrency exchanges have reported zero revenue from transaction fees, with half of them struggling to achieve a daily average trading volume of KRW 1 million ($740).Photo by Maxim Hopman on UnsplashTrends of growth and declineThe study looked into data from 35 registered virtual asset service providers (VASPs) for the first half of this year. The findings showed that compared to the second half of last year, the crypto market capitalization and Korean won deposits increased, but exchanges faced growing challenges, illustrated by a widening gap between leading fiat-to-crypto exchanges and smaller crypto-only exchanges.In the first half of this year, the operating profit of won-based exchanges reached KRW 259.8 billion (approximately $193 million), a 46% increase compared to the second half of last year, which recorded KRW 177.9 billion. In contrast, crypto exchanges recorded an operating loss of KRW 32.5 billion. Notably, out of 21 crypto-only exchanges, 10 of them reported no revenue at all from transaction fees, and 18 were in a state of complete capital impairment. Meanwhile, the operating profit of won-based exchanges was concentrated among the country’s top two exchanges, Upbit and Bithumb.But from a broader perspective, as of the end of June, this year’s total capitalization of the crypto market reached KRW 28.4 trillion — a 46% increase compared to the end of the second half of last year. Korean won deposits also increased by KRW 400 billion, or 11%, compared to the previous half. The overall operating profit was KRW 227.3 billion, up 82% from KRW 124.9 billion at the end of the second half of last year.“The first half of this year saw a rise in prices of virtual assets and investor sentiment, leading to an increase in Korean won deposits, overall market capitalization, and operating profits for exchanges, compared to the second half of 2022,” the FIU remarked.The number of new listings and delistings on virtual asset exchanges also surged with 169 new listings and 115 new delistings. These represented a more than double increase and a 47% increase, respectively, compared to the second half of last year. 66% of the delisted crypto assets were coins that had been exclusively listed on a given exchange.Despite the market’s recovery, trading volume and the number of users have slightly decreased. The daily average trading volume in the domestic crypto market for the first half of this year was KRW 2.9 trillion, down 1.3% compared to the second half of 2022. In addition, the number of registered accounts with VASPs also dropped by 19% to 9.5 million compared to the end of last year. This can be attributed to a growing number of dormant accounts and the removal of duplicate accounts.The quantity of verified users has also declined. The number of individuals and corporations that had completed the mandatory Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures needed to engage in trading decreased by 210,000 to 6.06 million (including duplicates) compared to the end of 2022. The majority of users, or those who own less than KRW 1 million in virtual assets, dropped by 7%.On the other hand, the amount of virtual assets leaving the country increased. In the first half of this year, a total of KRW 22.1 trillion was transferred to whitelisted overseas operators or individual wallet addresses, marking a KRW 500 billion increase compared to the second half of last year. This trend could be accredited to futures trading and arbitrage trading influenced by the so-called “kimchi premium” — a term used to describe the difference between trading prices of cryptocurrencies in Korea and in other foreign exchanges.Age demographicsOther findings showed that the age group that traded the most virtual assets is in their 30s, accounting for 30% of all users. Within this group, men make up 70%, with 1.27 million men recorded as engaging in crypto trading. Following closely with 1.2 million, men in their 40s were the second-largest demographic.

Compliance and Cooperation — A Necessary Formula for Combatting Crypto CrimesFrom common scams like voice phishing to threats of violence, the involvement of cryptocurrencies in crimes against the general public is steadily on the rise both in South Korea and abroad.Photo by Bermix Studio on UnsplashAccording to blockchain data analysis firm Chainalysis, the scale of cryptocurrency-related crimes and hacking on a global scale has decreased by 45.2% and 23.5%, respectively, compared to last year. However, financial losses resulting from smaller ransomware attacks, including phishing scams, are showing an upward trend.Authorities and industry figures alike are increasingly emphasizing the need for close cooperation to combat this growing issue, as existing regulations and legal frameworks remain insufficient to do so.Chainalysis and crypto exchange Binance co-hosted a policy summit in Seoul on Tuesday called “Securing the Future of Crypto,” where experts gathered at the Courtyard Marriott hotel to discuss compliance and cooperation between the public and private sectors in fighting crypto crimes.Challenges and complexities in crypto investigations“The Korean National Police Agency receives dozens of reports of financial losses and urgent requests for account freezes every day, with 80% of them pertaining to Binance,” said Kim Min-jae, an investigator at the National Police Agency’s International Cyber Cooperation Division.Citing a recent case of a voice phishing scam targeting a woman in her 60s, Kim said that authorities were able to proceed with the investigation within 30 minutes after receiving information from the exchange. However, addressing crimes beyond large cryptocurrency exchanges like Binance, such as those involving decentralized finance (DeFi) systems or foreign exchanges, poses a more difficult challenge due to the lack of proper measures to deal with them.Lee Soo-pyeong, a cybercrime investigator at the Korean National Police Agency’s Cyber Investigation Division, also noted that although domestic cases are relatively easier to investigate, there have been many cases — such as the appalling Nth Room case that caused an uproar throughout Korea in 2020 — that involved overseas accounts and exchanges.Steps for effective crime controlWhat measures, then, should authorities and corporations take in order to deal with such issues? Lee stressed the importance of cooperation among international judicial bodies and adherence from businesses to enhance the response to increasingly sophisticated crypto crimes.Know Your Customer (KYC) standards — the guidelines used in investment and financial services to verify customers’ identities and assess their risk and financial profiles — play an important role in this regard. However, “There are no platforms yet, including major exchanges like Binance, that provide us with personal information through KYC measures when funds are laundered,” Kim explained. He expressed hopes for a system jointly established by relevant entities, including local exchanges, that will enable swift criminal investigation.Lee also highlighted the importance of compliance from foreign companies, stating, “While it’s possible to request mutual legal assistance in criminal matters from the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol), active cooperation from foreign companies is essential.”From an international point of view, Jarek Jakubcek, Head of Intelligence and Investigations APAC at Binance, pointed out that upholding international standards and standardized processes is important, given the fact that crypto crimes transcend borders. While some countries excel in compliance and enforcing anti-money laundering (AML) policies, others fall short, leading criminals to exploit these disparities.Recently, there have been criminals who move their funds through blockchain networks. The development of bridge technology, which facilitates cross-chain asset transfers, has led to laundering techniques becoming more and more sophisticated. However, he assured that tracing funds is still possible, although doing so has become harder than before.The amalgamation of these circumstances has thereby ushered in the era of Know Your Transaction (KYT). While exchanges have traditionally been obligated to perform Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures to prevent money laundering, they must now go beyond verifying user information and analyze customer transaction data in order to understand where money is coming from and how it flows, Jakubcek said. To achieve this, he argued, they must request information from users and work with on-chain data analysis solution companies like Chainalysis to secure real transaction data. Alec Zebrick, Manager of Investigations in the Asia-Pacific region at Chainalysis, added that leveraging on-chain data allows the verification of most transactions.In the rapidly evolving crypto landscape where crimes are still a force to deal with, experts agree that reinforcing compliance and cooperation between exchanges and authorities is imperative.

Grab, the Nasdaq-listed Southeast Asian superapp, has signed a strategic memorandum of understanding (MOU) with StraitsX, a Singapore-based stablecoin payment infrastructure provider, to develop Web3 wallets and a payment network powered by stablecoins. A Nov. 18 press release said Web3 wallets will be added to the Grab app, allowing merchants in Asia to accept stablecoin payments from local and overseas customers.Photo by Grab on UnsplashXSGD and XUSDUnder the partnership, Grab users may be able to hold and use stablecoins like XSGD and XUSD, which are pegged to the Singapore dollar and U.S. dollar respectively, and convert between fiat and other stablecoins in-app, provided they meet regulatory compliance requirements. Grab expects the integration to facilitate real-time cross-border settlement with transparent foreign-exchange rates, improving efficiency through faster, cheaper, and compliant transactions. The superapp operator seeks to create a single, interoperable Web3 payment framework that eliminates the need to switch between country- or method-specific systems. Merchants are expected to benefit from enhanced liquidity and capital management via programmable settlement features enabled by smart contracts and on-chain treasury tools. ASEAN’s regulatory gapsThis industry development comes amid growing interest in digital finance among intergovernmental organizations. In a blog post, Yasuto Watanabe, Director of the ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Office (AMRO), noted the private sector’s growing involvement in stablecoins, outlining their advantages and risks. He said stablecoins offer greater accessibility and enable faster, cheaper transactions compared with traditional banking.  Stablecoins are widely used for remittances in Southeast Asia, particularly in the Philippines and Vietnam, and are also a common tool for small businesses engaged in cross-border trade. Watanabe also warned of risks such as anonymity-driven money laundering and capital control evasion. He also pointed to concerns that the rise of U.S. dollar–denominated stablecoins could undermine monetary sovereignty. In this context, the AMRO Director underscored the importance of the ASEAN+3 region addressing existing gaps through concerted action. 12M USDT seized in Thailand crackdownGovernment concerns are reflected in recent crypto-related crimes making headlines. In a recent case, Thai authorities, in coordination with the U.S. Secret Service, detained 73 individuals and confiscated assets valued at more than 522 million baht. About 400 million baht of that total was in USDT (12 million USDT). Tether said in an announcement that it supported law enforcement in the operation. The emergence of stablecoins is clearly transforming the traditional financial landscape. Companies are racing to harness new technologies, while regulators focus on combating illicit activity and strengthening consumer protections. As the sector evolves, new opportunities and risks will surface, and the balance between innovation and safety will be a key question moving forward.