Compliance and Cooperation — A Necessary Formula for Combatting Crypto Crimes

The market capitalization of South Korea's cryptocurrency market stood at 87.2 trillion won ($57.4 billion) at the end of last year, marking an 8% decline from 95.1 trillion won ($62.6 billion) at the end of June 2025.  A survey released on March 25 by the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) and the Financial Supervisory Service (FSS), covering 27 virtual asset service providers, found that the number of listed crypto assets in Korea rose to 712 at year-end—up 9% (59 assets) from 653 in June.Photo by Daniel Bernard on UnsplashTrading activity declines, listings increaseAverage daily trading volume on won-denominated crypto exchanges fell 15% to 5.4 trillion won ($3.6 billion), from 6.4 trillion won in the first half of 2025. New listings rose 10% to 227, while delistings jumped 50% to 54, including cases where the same coin was delisted from multiple platforms. The average transaction fee rate stood at 0.16%. Operating profit at the exchanges fell 38% to 395.8 billion won ($261 million), down from 635.2 billion won ($418 million) in the first half. Data on retail investors show that men in their 30s remain the largest group of crypto users in South Korea, with 2 million accounts. Overall, 74.2% of the country’s 11.13 million accounts—equivalent to 8.26 million users—held less than 1 million won (about $660) in digital assets. Only 10% (1.12 million accounts) held 10 million won ($6,600) or more, while just 1.5% (170,000 accounts) held over 100 million won ($65,800). By age group, users in their 30s and 40s each accounted for 27%. They were followed by those in their 50s (19%), under-30s (19%), and users aged 60 and older (9%). Survey shows investors remain waryRecent survey data points to cautious sentiment among retail investors. In a weekly survey of Korean investors conducted last week by CoinNess and Cratos, 36.9% of respondents reported “fear” or “extreme fear,” compared with 30.8% who were neutral and 32.3% who were optimistic. Despite the overall caution, short-term sentiment turned slightly more optimistic. The survey found that 38.3% of respondents expect Bitcoin to rise this week, up from 35.6% the previous week. Those expecting prices to move sideways accounted for 22.5% (down from 23.1%), while 39.2% expect a decline (down from 41.3%). With macroeconomic uncertainty rising and speculation growing over a possible April rate hike by the Federal Reserve, respondents were split on how monetary policy would affect digital assets. When asked about the Fed’s rate outlook for the year, the largest share (30.3%) said Bitcoin would rise regardless of interest rates. Another 26.5% expected rates to remain unchanged, 19.9% expected a cut, and 12.4% a hike. The remaining 10.9% said Bitcoin would fall regardless of rate decisions. 

Overseas Crypto Holdings Declared to Korean Tax Agency Amount to $98BIn a recent press release from the South Korean National Tax Service (NTS), it was revealed that this year, a record 5,419 Koreans declared overseas financial assets amounting to KRW 186.4 trillion. This is a notable jump from the previous year, marking a 38.1% rise in the number of declarants and an impressive 191.3% increase in the declared amount.Photo by Traxer on UnsplashRecord-breaking declarationsThese are the most significant figures reported since the 2011 inception of the overseas financial account reporting system, which requires Korean individuals and entities to disclose their foreign financial holdings, like savings, stocks, collective investment schemes, and derivatives, if their balance exceeds KRW 500 million.The NTS attributed the record-breaking figures to foreign crypto accounts, a new addition to this year’s overseas account declaration.Crypto’s dominanceVirtual assets comprised a staggering 70.2% of the total declared amount, overshadowing all other assets. 1,432 individuals and corporate entities reported crypto holdings amounting to KRW 130.8 trillion (approximately $98 billion).Decline in non-virtual assetsFor non-virtual asset accounts, including deposits, savings, and stocks, the reported figure stood at KRW 55.6 trillion, marking a year-on-year drop of KRW 8.4 trillion, or a 13.1% decline.Call for complianceIn the future, the NTS plans to leverage data shared between countries to rigorously check for potential non-compliance in reporting overseas financial accounts. Those suspected of omissions can expect strict actions, including fines, criminal charges, public name disclosure, and the collection of related taxes.After the reporting deadline, filers may be eligible for a penalty reduction of up to 90%. Importantly, tax agencies worldwide, including the NTS, are gearing up to share information like cryptocurrency transaction details under the Crypto Asset Reporting Framework. In light of this, the NTS strongly encourages those who haven’t yet reported but are obligated to to promptly declare their overseas virtual asset accounts.

In a recent announcement OPNX, the Seychelles-incorporated cryptocurrency bankruptcy claims platform co-founded by the creators of the now-defunct hedge fund Three Arrows Capital (3AC), has revealed its decision to cease all operations.Photo by Kelly Sikkema on UnsplashFebruary 14 shutdownIn a message to its users, subsequently shared on social media on Thursday, the OPNX team expressed its commitment to ensuring an orderly closure, urging users to settle all positions by Feb. 7 and withdraw their funds from the platform before Feb. 14, as all withdrawal functionality will be disabled thereafter. The team expressed gratitude to the OPNX community, acknowledging their dedication and trust throughout the platform's existence. Short for "Open Exchange," OPNX served as both a hybrid bankruptcy claims platform and a crypto exchange, enabling users to trade creditor claims of bankrupt crypto companies. The origin of OPNX can be linked to two defunct crypto entities — Coinflex and 3AC. Seychelles-based Coinflex was a crypto yield platform that was forced to suspend withdrawals in June 2022. It subsequently entered into a bankruptcy process. Coinflex co-founder Mark Lamb joined forces with 3AC’s Kyle Davies and Su Zhu to found OPNX. In October, Coinflex creditors sued Lamb, alleging that he had appropriated Coinflex's intellectual property, customer base, employees and technology to establish OPNX. Mired in problemsWithin its short existence, OPNX has been mired in problems. From the very outset, there was little goodwill for the new venture, given that many crypto sector participants took a dim view of Zhu and Davies due to the turmoil the collapse of 3AC caused within the industry. In April of last year, OPNX claimed to have significant venture capital backing, only for many of the VC entities mentioned to quickly deny such claims subsequently. The following month, the local regulator in Dubai, the Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority, formally reprimanded the OPNX founders for promoting an unregulated business within the Emirate of Dubai. In August, it emerged that VARA had hit OPNX and its founders with a hefty fine. Following the closure announcement, the native OX token of OPNX experienced a significant price decline. Over the course of the past 24 hours, the token unit price has fallen 13.6% to $0.007981. The failure of 3AC led to Teneo, the firm responsible for liquidating 3AC's assets, subpoenaing Zhu and Davies for concealing details of their physical whereabouts through messages on social media platform X. The closure of OPNX adds to the challenges faced by Zhu and Davies, as Teneo is actively seeking to recover $1.3 billion directly from the co-founders. The claim asserts that Zhu and Davies engaged in substantial leverage with investor funds after the insolvency of their hedge fund. In September 2023, Singapore's central bank issued nine-year prohibition orders against Davies and Zhu, citing alleged violations of the country's securities laws at Three Arrows Capital. All the while, crypto community sentiment remains negative where OPNX and its founders are concerned. Taking to social media, Ikigai Asset Management’s Travis Kling didn’t mince his words, stating:”I mean it from the bottom of my heart when I say **** these criminals.” As OPNX concludes its operations, the unfolding events surrounding its co-founders and their association with the failed hedge fund continue to draw attention to the need for the industry to raise its standards.