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Chinese Fentanyl Producers Taking Payment in CryptoA report produced by blockchain analytics and crypto compliance solutions firm Elliptic has found that most Chinese suppliers of fentanyl precursors are accepting payments for the illicit material in cryptocurrency.In a blog post published on its website on Tuesday, Elliptic claimed that 90 percent of the 90 China-based firms, from which its researchers received offers of fentanyl precursors, accepted cryptocurrency as a form of payment. The majority of fentanyl which is trafficked into the United States is manufactured using imported fentanyl precursors like the material that the Elliptic researchers were offered.Seventeen of the suppliers even offered to provide fentanyl itself. Others still offered to supply synthetic opioids, equally or more potent than fentanyl, which are currently legal to both produce and supply within China.Photo by Hal Gatewood on UnsplashTracking blockchain transactionsIn tracing back transactions relative to these illicit suppliers, the Elliptic researchers’ analysis demonstrated that the digital asset wallets used by the rogue suppliers have received thousands of payments. The research team has estimated the net worth of those transactions to total $27 million.It appears that a move towards crypto payments is trending with this group of suppliers as there has been a 450% increase year-on-year when it comes to payments for fentanyl precursor using crypto.The study highlighted activity related to Dutch national Alex Peijnenburg. An alleged fentanyl supplier, Peijnenburg, made an $85,000 payment in crypto to one of the ninety fentanyl precursor suppliers identified by Elliptic researchers. In November of last year, the Dutchman was sanctioned by US authorities relative to his activities.Global trade and distributionThe report stated: “During our correspondence, the suppliers showed no concerns about how the chemical would be used, with some explaining that it was their best-selling product and could be used to produce fentanyl.”It went on to state that “others pointedly mentioned that they had sold it to customers in Mexico.” Mexico is a significant location in the global drugs trade, given the activity of drug cartels within the country. One supplier offered an insight to researchers as to the preferences of their nefarious Mexican clients, stating: “They always use USDT or Bitcoin to pay. It is no problem.”While it looks like these nefarious Chinese companies are able to trade into and out of crypto assets, that should be a difficulty for them as China banned the offering of crypto trading services going back a number of years already. Furthermore, foreign digital asset exchanges are prohibited from servicing the needs of Chinese clients where crypto is concerned.Elliptic’s research team uncovered that the majority of the illicit drugs trade suppliers have been using workarounds in order to gain access to overseas digital asset exchanges. The suppliers have used intermediaries in order to convert crypto into Chinese yuan.The report concludes that this part of the international fentanyl trade can be dealt with and “disrupted by the services that act as gateways into and out of crypto assets.” On arriving at that conclusion, Elliptic has acted by notifying the digital asset exchanges that these suppliers are using. “[We] have flagged hundreds of crypto addresses in our tools as being linked to this activity,” the report states.Crypto had infamously been associated with illicit activity on the dark web in its earliest years. It has moved well beyond that although due to its decentralized nature, it’s difficult, if not impossible, to control who utilizes decentralized digital currency.

UK Watchdog Adds Crypto Exchanges to Warning ListThe UK’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has expanded its warning list to include nearly 150 digital asset companies, including crypto exchanges HTX and KuCoin.Photo by Maxim Hopman on UnsplashPromotion without approvalThese firms have been added to the list due to their promotion of services in the UK without obtaining the necessary regulatory approvals. The move comes as the FCA strengthens its oversight of the cryptocurrency sector.The FCA recently broadened its rules on financial promotions, effective from October 8, to encompass crypto-asset service providers, regardless of their geographical location. This means that all crypto platforms are now obligated to display clear risk warnings to UK-based consumers and adhere to more rigorous technical standards. Additionally, they must implement a mandatory 24-hour cooling-off period for new customers.Exchanges respondIn response to the inclusion of their platforms on the FCA’s warning list, both HTX and KuCoin issued statements. A spokesperson for HTX, known until recently as Huobi, clarified that the firm does not operate or market its services in the UK. KuCoin, on the other hand, acknowledged that it doesn’t operate in the UK but expressed its commitment to adapt its products and services to ensure compliance with the relevant laws and regulations in each country.Another exchange, OKX, alongside global exchange Binance, have both indicated that they are working towards complying with the FCA’s regulatory requirements in respect of marketing.The FCA issued a generic warning message for both HTX and KuCoin, stating:“This firm may be promoting financial services or products without our permission. You should avoid dealing with this firm.”Non-compliance with the FCA’s regulations can result in severe penalties, including takedown requests for websites and apps, substantial fines, and potential legal action, which could lead to imprisonment.It’s worth noting that HTX Advisor, Justin Sun, has encountered regulatory challenges in the past. In March, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) accused Sun of fraud and market manipulation related to TRX, the native cryptocurrency of his Tron blockchain. Despite holding licenses to operate in various jurisdictions, HTX’s website does not specifically mention the UK as a prohibited venue.KuCoin has its platform restricted in several countries, including the US, Singapore, Hong Kong, mainland China, Thailand, Malaysia, and Canada’s Ontario province. Notably, the UK is not listed among these restricted locations.The FCA’s decision to rapidly identify and publicize crypto firms violating the expanded rules underscores increasingly stringent regulatory requirements. The regulator is continuously updating its list of violators as new infractions are uncovered. In August, the UK regulator published data that demonstrated that only 13% of crypto businesses who have applied to trade in the UK have been offered permits to do so.Lucy Castledine, the FCA’s Director of Consumer Investments, emphasized the dynamic nature of the list, which is constantly evolving to keep pace with emerging issues within the crypto sector.As the FCA takes a more proactive stance in overseeing crypto businesses, the warning list serves as a tool for consumer protection, signaling the importance of adherence to regulatory standards in the cryptocurrency ecosystem.

China’s Legal Daily, a publication that falls under the supervision of the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) Central Commission for Political and Legal Affairs, has sounded an alarm regarding cryptocurrencies, raising concerns about their use as potential avenues for corruption. In the newspaper’s New Year’s Day edition, it quoted legal scholars, who had convened at the annual China Integrity and Legal Research Association meeting, who underscored the urgency of addressing the emerging threat posed by digital assets.Photo by Max van den Oetelaar on Unsplash‘Hidden channels’ for briberyIn particular, it focused on views expressed by Associate Professor Zhao Xuejun from Hebei University Law School. Zhao Xuejun warned against the use of virtual currency and electronic gift cards as “hidden channels” for bribery. Notably, these forms of payment, often stored in “cold storage” devices, offer a convenient means for transporting funds abroad, the academic claimed. This development aligns with recent warnings from state agencies, including the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, cautioning against the use of stablecoin Tether in yuan-related foreign exchange transactions, deeming such actions illegal. Anonymity and traceability concernsProfessor Mo Hongxian from Wuhan University Law School explicitly mentioned Bitcoin, highlighting the challenges associated with virtual currencies, such as their anonymity and difficulty in traceability, which can facilitate illegal activities. Despite lacking official recognition in China, Professor Hongxian stressed the need for judicial attention to transactions involving virtual currencies. Although China maintains a cryptocurrency ban, it actively explores blockchain technology for identity verification. The country’s central bank digital currency, e-CNY, still in the pilot stage, has witnessed significant development. Despite its limited geographic distribution, the digital yuan recorded transactions totaling nearly $250 billion in China as of June 2023, with international use noted in commodities sales. Varying degrees of enforcementChina has demonstrated that it can at times take a very hard line on restricting cryptocurrency trading and related activities, while at others, it seems to tolerate such activity or turn a blind eye. Last month China’s Supreme Procuratorate provided details on the nature of the prosecution of over-the-counter (OTC) crypto trader and RenrenBit founder, Zhao Dong. Zhao was handed down a seven year sentence for carrying out illicit crypto business operations. By contrast, an investigation carried out by the Wall Street Journal last year found that business has been thriving for the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange Binance in China, despite the ban. Other crypto-related activity has been uncovered, flouting capital controls. BitMEX founder Arthur Hayes suggested recently that all wealthy Chinese individuals have access to banking in Hong Kong, allowing them to access, trade and use cryptocurrency. As part of the CCP’s intensified anti-corruption efforts, the focus on cryptocurrency’s potential role in financial crimes underscores the evolving landscape as use of digital currency unfolds. The Legal Daily article emphasizes the need for vigilance and regulatory measures to counteract the perceived threat of corruption facilitated by cryptocurrencies and electronic payment methods.