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According to a recent report from blockchain intelligence firm Chainalysis, stablecoin purchases in Turkey amount to 4.3% of the country's GDP, surpassing all other global economies. The report, titled "The 2024 Crypto Spring Report" highlights Turkey's significant share of stablecoin transactions relative to its economic output.Photo by Michael Jerrard on UnsplashStablecoin activity in TurkeyBetween April 2023 and March 2024, stablecoin purchases in Turkey totaled $38 billion, representing 4.3% of the country's GDP, which was $907 billion as of 2022. This data encompasses transfers between the Turkish lira and stablecoins in either direction, emphasizing the scale of stablecoin activity within the Turkish economy. Chainalysis director of research Kim Grauer explained that stablecoin activity does not directly impact GDP but is expressed as a percentage to provide context for readers. Grauer clarified that the reported figure includes transfers of Turkish lira to stablecoins and vice versa. Turkey's prominence in stablecoin purchases stands out compared to other economies analyzed by Chainalysis. In Thailand and Georgia, stablecoin purchases accounted for 1.3% and 0.7% of GDP, respectively, over the same period. Global trends in stablecoin usageWhile the United States leads in stablecoin transaction volumes, with fiat purchases surpassing $20 billion in March 2024, Turkey's share of stablecoin purchases relative to GDP is notably higher. The use of stablecoins, including Tether (USDT) and USD Coin (USDC), has outpaced other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ether, representing over 50% of all transaction volume in recent months. Rapid growth in stablecoin transactionsChainalysis analysts attribute the rapid growth of stablecoin transactions to their utility in everyday transactions beyond trading. Major jurisdictions, including the European Union, the United Kingdom, Brazil and Thailand, have witnessed significant increases in fiat purchases of stablecoins over the past year. Nations experiencing currency volatility and devaluation, such as Turkey, have increasingly turned to stablecoins like USDT to safeguard their savings. Turkey's inflation rate surged to as high as 67% in March, prompting residents to seek alternative stores of value. The findings from Chainalysis underscore the growing prominence of stablecoins in global economic activity, particularly in nations grappling with currency instability. Turkey's significant share of stablecoin purchases relative to GDP reflects a broader trend of increasing adoption of stablecoins for everyday transactions and wealth preservation. 

Vauld Implements Key Leadership Changes Amid Bankruptcy ProceedingsFailed Singaporean cryptocurrency lender Vauld has unveiled a comprehensive overhaul of its board structure.Photo by Yibei Geng on UnsplashOngoing restructuringThe platform, which faced financial turmoil leading to its declaration of bankruptcy last year, is introducing fresh leadership to spearhead its restructuring efforts. The move involves the appointment of a new CEO, a creditor representative, and a scheme manager.The current CEO and Co-Founder of Vauld, Darshan Bathija, announced the proposed changes via a post on X (formerly Twitter) on Thursday. He emphasized that the new appointees would take charge of orchestrating a much-needed bailout.The challenges faced by the company through its ongoing bankruptcy proceedings have prompted Vauld to secure court approval for this new organizational scheme. In his social media post, Bathija stated:“Vauld (Defi Payments Pte Ltd) got its scheme of arrangement passed in Singapore courts. As part of the scheme, the current board will be replaced with a new CEO, a creditor representative, and a scheme manager.” Additionally, Bathija noted that the exchange’s customers are actively updating their Know Your Customer (KYC) details.This announcement comes almost a year after Vauld came under scrutiny due to a money laundering investigation. The cloud of suspicion surrounding the firm at the time led to the freezing of assets worth $46.4 million from its domestic operations by Indian authorities.Nexo acquisition failureIn February of this year, the Singapore High Court granted Vauld an extension until March 24 to formulate a comprehensive strategy for repaying its creditors. The extension became crucial after a potential acquisition deal with Nexo fell through. However, despite this reprieve, the exchange was unable to secure a further extension, fueling discussions within the community about the challenge of meeting creditor obligations within a relatively short time frame.In a step to facilitate the resolution of outstanding amounts, the court established a committee of creditors (CoC). This move was prompted by allegations from a faction of creditors that Vauld was impeding communication and implementing unwarranted corrective measures. Notably, the exchange owes more than $2.2 million to these creditors.Vauld has contracted the services of risk and financial advisory firm Kroll as part of the restructuring efforts. In an isolated instance of good fortune, it appears that Vauld creditors are unaffected by a data breach which occurred recently at Kroll, while creditors of the Genesis, FTX, and BlockFi crypto bankruptcy processes have had their data compromised.Charting a path forwardBathija conveyed that more updates regarding the platform’s path forward would follow soon. Vauld’s financial instability can be attributed to several factors, chief among them being the ripple effect of Terra’s downfall. Further complications arose due to economic issues tied to the Celsius Network and Three Arrows Capital (3AC) defaulting on their loans. These cumulative challenges led to Vauld’s operational suspension.Despite this failure and similar issues relative to crypto lender Hodlnaut and 3AC, which were also based in the city state, Singapore continues as a jurisdiction that effectively balances regulatory control with the drive to foster innovation. Its central bank and financial regulator, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), recently unveiled a comprehensive framework for stablecoins.

Singapore’s Regulator Imposes 9-Year Ban on 3AC FoundersSingapore’s central bank and financial regulator, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), has handed down a nine-year prohibition order to Kyle Davies and Su Zhu, co-founders of the failed crypto hedge fund Three Arrows Capital (3AC).Photo by Swapnil Bapat on UnsplashSevere restrictionsThe penalty relates to alleged violations of the city-state’s securities laws. The prohibition order came into effect on Wednesday, carrying severe restrictions for Davies and Zhu.During this nine-year period, Davies and Zhu are prohibited from engaging in any regulated activities in Singapore. They are also barred from managing, serving as directors, or holding substantial shares in any capital market services business within the territory of Singapore.Loo Siew Yee, the Assistant Managing Director of Policy, Payments, and Financial Crime at MAS, emphasized the seriousness of the violations in a statement released by the central bank on Thursday. Yee stated:“MAS takes a serious view of Mr. Zhu’s and Mr. Davies’ flagrant disregard of MAS’ regulatory requirements and dereliction of their directors’ duties.” She further asserted that MAS would take action against senior managers who engage in such misconduct.Securities law violationsMAS’s decision to impose these sanctions on the 3AC co-founders was based on its findings of further securities law violations during investigations into 3AC and its founders. The regulatory authority accused Davies and Zhu of failing to inform MAS when 3AC hired a new business representative, providing false information to the regulator, and neglecting to establish an appropriate risk management framework.3AC’s troubles stemmed from the crypto market crash that occurred last year, triggered by the Terra ecosystem’s collapse. The hedge fund’s leveraged crypto positions exposed it to billions in loan defaults, resulting in significant financial losses. Its lack of risk management had a cascading effect in crypto. Lenders like Celsius and BlockFi had exposure to 3AC, leading to further collapses later in 2022 as a consequence.3AC’s creditors claim that the firm owes as much as $3.5 billion, and liquidators are now seeking to recover approximately $1.3 billion from Zhu and Davies, who allegedly incurred the debt when the firm was already insolvent.Regulatory reprimandsThis action by MAS follows last June’s reprimand of 3AC, which occurred just before the hedge fund filed for bankruptcy amid widely reported insolvency issues. At that time, MAS had criticized 3AC for providing false information, failing to report directorship changes involving Zhu and Davies, and exceeding the legal assets under management threshold.It’s just the latest reprimand the duo have received from a regulator this year, though. Zhu and Davies have been busy in trying to get another start-up off the ground. Earlier this year, they launched OPNX, a crypto bankruptcy claims trading platform. The venture is based out of Dubai, and the firm reported in April that it had gotten significant VC backing.Many of those that the company claimed were backing the venture disassociated themselves from those claims. The following month, the Dubai regulator, the Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA), reprimanded the OPNX founders, having issued an investor alert relative to the firm a few weeks prior to that. VARA's complaint was that the business had been operating without having acquired the appropriate licensing.