The Legal Future of South Korea’s Crypto Industry: Necessary Legislation and Systems

Beosin Report: Crypto Rug Pulls Surpass DeFi Exploits in MayAccording to a recent report by blockchain security firm Beosin, losses from “rug pulls” or “exit scams” in the cryptocurrency space exceeded the amount stolen from decentralized finance (DeFi) projects during the month of May.The report, published on June 1 by Beosin Blockchain Security, revealed that rug pulls and scams resulted in losses of over $45 million across six incidents during the month. Beosin is headquartered in Chengdu, in China’s Sichuan province. The firm uses formal verification methods to secure smart contracts.In general there were 22 security incidents in the digital assets space over the course of the month. That overall figure accounts for losses totaling $20 million, and represents a vast improvement on the previous month.Three of the incidents were accounted for by security issues related to hardware wallets such as the Trezor and imKey wallets. Six were rug pulls/crypto scams, two were crypto crime incidents while another implicated a critical vulnerability relative to zero-knowledge proof technology.Photo by Tara Winstead on PexelsDeFi protocol attacksIn contrast, there were 10 attacks on DeFi protocols, amounting to $19.7 million in stolen funds. This figure represents a significant decrease of nearly 80% compared to April, and the losses from these types of exploits had been declining for two consecutive months, as per Beosin’s findings.The largest rug pull incident in May involved the alleged disappearance of $32 million associated with the crypto project Fintoch on May 24. Meanwhile, the largest attack on a DeFi platform was a $7.5 million breach targeting Jimbos protocol, according to Beosin’s report.Shifting hacker strategyBeosin noted a shift in the targeting strategy of hackers and scammers, who are now increasingly focusing their attacks on ordinary users rather than various project parties. To mitigate risks, the report recommended that crypto users enhance their anti-fraud awareness, conduct thorough due diligence before investing in projects, and learn how to improve the security of their digital assets.The report also issued a warning against using shared or public charging devices for mobile phones. Beosin highlighted the potential risks associated with these devices, as they could be manipulated to inject malicious programs that compromise private keys. This caution aligns with a similar advisory issued by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in April.The FBI’s Denver office cautioned against using public USB ports, including those found at airports, due to the potential introduction of malware and monitoring software onto devices. Instead, they suggested carrying a personal charger and USB cord for use with electrical outlets.As the cryptocurrency landscape continues to evolve, it is crucial for users to remain vigilant and proactive in safeguarding their investments. With the rise of rug pulls and the ongoing threats in the DeFi space, staying informed, exercising caution, and adopting robust security measures are essential for protecting one’s digital assets in this rapidly changing industry.

Singapore’s Central Bank Paves the Way for Digital Asset NetworksSingapore’s Monetary Authority (MAS) has taken a significant step towards the future of digital assets by proposing a comprehensive framework for the design of open and interoperable networks for tokenized digital assets.Photo by Pixabay on PexelsDetailed frameworkIn a report published on Monday, titled “Enabling Open & Interoperable Networks,” MAS presented a detailed framework aimed at understanding the design options necessary to facilitate the seamless trading of digital assets across diverse networks and liquidity pools. The framework is rooted in the core principles of financial market infrastructure and draws inspiration from cutting-edge projects that have been at the forefront of advancing these concepts.To ensure a robust and comprehensive approach, the report was jointly developed with subject matter experts from the Bank for International Settlements’ (BIS) Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructure (CPMI), with valuable contributions from prominent financial institutions including DBS Bank, JP Morgan, HSBC, SBI Digital Asset Holdings, Standard Chartered, and UOB.MAS defines digital asset networks as platforms that leverage distributed ledger technology (DLT) or blockchain to enable secure and efficient transfers of digital assets without the need for traditional intermediaries. These networks serve as the foundation for open and interoperable infrastructure, facilitating the issuance, transfer, and custody of digital assets. By promoting transparency, efficiency, and trust, the report suggests that they will play a pivotal role in shaping the digital asset ecosystem.Project GuardianThe report underscores the immense potential of digital asset networks in a future financial landscape, where digital assets and currencies can be seamlessly exchanged across different networks. MAS believes that these networks could revolutionize the way financial transactions occur, leading to increased efficiency and expanded possibilities. The framework also lays the groundwork for future exploration as part of the Project Guardian initiative, encompassing additional focused themes such as Trust Anchors and Institutional DeFi.MAS has also announced the expansion of Project Guardian to include a broader range of financial asset classes. The project now features an industry group comprising 11 leading financial institutions that will spearhead industry pilots in asset and wealth management, fixed income, and foreign exchange. Esteemed banks such as HSBC, Standard Chartered, DBS, and Citi are set to conduct multiple trials focusing on tokenization. For instance, Standard Chartered, in collaboration with Linklogis, is developing an initial token offering platform to issue asset-backed security tokens listed on the Singapore Exchange.Despite its cautious stance on cryptocurrency speculation, MAS recognizes the immense potential for value creation and efficiency gains within the digital asset ecosystem. Leong Sing Chiong, MAS’ Deputy Managing Director of Markets and Development, emphasized the authority’s optimism, stating: “We see significant potential for value creation and efficiency gains in the digital asset ecosystem.”This latest initiative by MAS comes on the heels of its recent proposal for standards governing the use of digital money, including central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and stablecoins. Singapore’s central bank is paving the way for the future of digital assets and making a strong effort to assert its position as a global leader in digital asset innovation through the establishment of this framework alongside industry collaboration.

Thailand’s Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the independent state agency responsible for oversight and development of the Southeast Asian nation’s capital markets, is seeking public commentary on the updated set of rules it has proposed to regulate initial coin offering (ICO) portals.  In a notice published on its website on July 18, the SEC outlined that it is seeking public comments in relation to the criteria it has established for investor communication and service provision by ICO portals as part of its proposed regulations.Photo by Alin Meceanu on UnsplashEasing knowledge test requirementsThe regulations had been approved in principle last month and put an onus on ICO portals to ensure that retail investors take a knowledge test and pass that test before they are permitted to participate in trading ICO tokens. The current regulations stipulate that retail investors must undertake knowledge tests on an ongoing three-monthly basis. The updated regulations propose that ICO portals conduct suitability tests that are sufficiently comprehensive such that the investor understands the risks associated with any potential ICO-related investment. The SEC stated that the objective is that the investor has “a risk tolerance level appropriate and in alignment with the product risk.” Instead of quarterly knowledge tests, the proposed regulations require suitability assessments to be carried out once every two years. In this way, the commission believes that it will reduce the administrative burden for ICO portals while reducing friction for the investor. It stated: “These proposed requirements are in line with regulatory practices applicable to both securities and digital asset business operators.” Jagdish Pandya, founder of blockchain venture builder BlockOn Ventures, told Decrypt that “Thailand has been a first mover for crypto regulations and the SEC has played a pivotal role in providing all regulated activities and licenses, much ahead of Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, and Vietnam in South East Asia.”  Moving past previous ICO market failuresPandya added that the proposed suitability tests would protect “amateur investors” from piling into ICOs and losing their funds like in the “old ICO scam era.” ICOs first gained significant popularity in 2017 as the crypto market started to expand. Around $6.2 billion in funding was raised by a broad range of crypto projects in that year. However, a complete lack of regulation at the time meant that the ICO marketplace was laden with outright scams. ICOs were being hyped up in pump-and-dump schemes, with investors losing most, if not all, of their funds as the fraudulent ICO promoters rug-pulled them, abandoning the projects and taking off with the ICO funding. Thailand’s existing ICO portal regulations were introduced in November 2023. The regulations require project promoters to make disclosures with regard to project creditworthiness and risk for debt-like tokens with a predetermined fixed rate of return.  Those promoting infrastructure-backed tokens, which allow the token holder to earn a revenue share from infrastructure projects, are subject to rules regarding items such as due diligence, asset valuation and issuer asset management.