Datachain Secures Funding from Japan’s MUFG to Advance Blockchain Interoperability Initiatives

The Need to Distinguish Between Security and Non-Security Virtual AssetsWith the recent enactment of the Virtual Asset User Protection Bill in South Korea, there is a need to lay out criteria for determining whether virtual assets qualify as securities, says Kim Ja-bong, a senior research fellow at the Korea Institute of Finance, in his report titled “The Implications of Determining Which Virtual Assets Constitute Securities and Investor Protection” released on Saturday.Photo by Shubham Dhage on UnsplashThe implications of the Virtual Asset User Protection ActThe Virtual Asset User Protection Act — which will take effect in July of next year — aims to protect customer assets, establish regulations against unfair trading practices, and enforce penalties. Notably, it will target virtual assets that are not securities, deeming it necessary for regulators to determine if virtual assets qualify as securities or not in order to enforce the bill. Assets with characteristics of securities will fall under the jurisdiction of the Capital Markets Act.Therefore, if the Virtual Asset User Protection Act does not provide sufficient investor protection, issuers may be incentivized to issue non-security assets rather than security assets to avoid the regulations of the Capital Markets Act. This further necessitates the act of distinguishing between virtual assets that are securities versus those that are not.Determining if a virtual asset is a security or notThere are two approaches to do this, according to Kim: the passive approach, which avoids considering a virtual asset as a security whenever possible, and the active approach, which treats a virtual asset as a security whenever applicable.He argues that it is better to focus on whether an investment contract qualifies as a security if it is considered an investment contract, rather than simply selecting a specific approach.Furthermore, the nature of virtual assets renders them unbound by national borders, so it is necessary to establish assessment criteria that correspond with international standards, such as those used in the US and Europe.This is especially important because if the criteria differ from international standards, there is a risk of domestic investors suffering damages due to an issuer’s pursuit of regulatory arbitrage between countries.Equitable recognition and potential for security tokensAccording to Kim, the importance of determining whether virtual assets are securities lies in ensuring that security tokens receive the same recognition and trading treatment as traditional securities such as stocks. With such a measure, security token offerings can serve as an efficient and reliable method for raising funds. Although there may be concerns that such a regulation may hinder the development of virtual assets, it may well be an opportunity for security tokens to be qualified and trusted as high-quality financial instruments just like existing securities, Kim claims.Even for virtual assets that are not considered securities, there are many types of assets that are financial in nature, such as e-money tokens — therefore, it is necessary to actively protect investors in non-security virtual assets through financial regulations such as reinforcing disclosure obligations, which is being done in the EU through the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA).Empowering regulators for enhanced investor protection and market integrityKim underscored that investor protection and healthy growth of the virtual asset market are made possible mainly through expanding regulators’ authority to protect economic interests and prevent damages. The author also suggested institutional reforms that grant regulators substantial authority, which would enhance their ability to protect investors effectively and provide compensation for damages.He added that regulators should also have the authority to enforce liability for damages or impose civil penalties for unfair trading practices conducted using classified information.

Singapore’s MAS gears up for live CBDC pilotThe Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has unveiled plans to initiate a live central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilot for wholesale interbank settlement in 2024.Photo by Sergio Sala on UnsplashMoving beyond simulationThis pilot will move beyond simulation, involving the actual utilization of a live wholesale CBDC for settling payments between commercial banks. Furthermore, MAS indicated that upcoming pilots may extend to leveraging wholesale CBDCs for the settlement of cross-border securities trade.MAS Managing Director Ravi Menon expressed the significance of this move, stating:“The ‘live’ issuance of central bank digital money for use as a common settlement asset in payments is a significant milestone in MAS’ digital money journey that began in 2016. The issuance of wholesale CBDC reinforces the role that central bank money plays in facilitating safe and efficient payments.”Orchid BlueprintThis announcement is a key component of the Orchid Blueprint, a comprehensive plan detailing the infrastructure essential for facilitating the pilot and future developments. In addition to the wholesale CBDC initiative, the Orchid Blueprint outlines the expansion of trials to encompass tokenized bank liabilities and regulated stablecoins, solidifying Singapore’s commitment to fostering innovation in the digital finance space.As part of the Orchid Blueprint, MAS is set to create a settlement ledger to record digital money transfers. This ledger will incorporate features like programmability and atomic settlement of digital tokens. To enhance user experience, a “Name Service” for customer-friendly wallet addresses and name identifiers is on the agenda. Additionally, a tokenization bridge will be developed to connect existing account-based settlement systems with ledgers compatible with tokenized forms of digital money.Purpose-bound moneyThe Orchid Blueprint introduces a “programmability protocol” based on the concept of “purpose-bound money” (PBM). PBM, a concept considered by the MAS in a whitepaper that it published earlier this year, allows for the specification of certain conditions for the use of digital money, enabling automation of transactions and predefined conditions for settlement. This innovative approach empowers centralized planners to define the conditions for usage, bringing a new level of flexibility to the digital financial landscape.This development aligns with the broader trend of increasing institutional interest in digital currencies and blockchain technology. The move towards live CBDC pilots, tokenization and stablecoins underscores Singapore’s commitment to staying at the forefront of financial innovation. As the Orchid Blueprint unfolds, it sets the stage for a dynamic and technologically advanced financial ecosystem, reinforcing Singapore’s position as a leader in the global digital finance arena.In a related move within the region, crypto firm Paxos recently announced plans to launch a new USD-backed stablecoin in Singapore, receiving in-principle approval from MAS to issue the stablecoin. Meanwhile, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva outlined in a keynote speech at the Singapore FinTech Festival earlier this week that CBDCs not only could replace cash but also improve financial inclusion.These concurrent developments indicate the growing convergence of traditional financial systems with the expanding digital currency landscape.

Military Bank (MB Bank), a subsidiary of Vietnam’s Ministry of National Defence and a top-five bank in Vietnam serving 33 million customers, has partnered with South Korea’s Dunamu to launch the Southeast Asian nation’s first domestic digital asset exchange. Dunamu is the operator of Upbit, South Korea’s largest cryptocurrency exchange. In a statement published on its website on Aug. 13, Dunamu outlined that the two companies had signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the objective of forging a technical partnership to foster Vietnam’s virtual asset market. With that overarching aspiration, the companies plan to establish a digital asset exchange. The deal was signed on Aug. 12 at the Korea-Vietnam Business Forum, an event that was held at the Lotte Hotel in Seoul. Through Upbit, Dunamu has considerable experience and know-how in the crypto exchange business. Its purpose in this partnership is to bring that ability and Upbit’s technology to the establishment of a new exchange in Vietnam.Photo by Peter Nguyen on UnsplashDunamu CEO Oh Gyeong-seok commented on the development, stating: “Vietnam's potential is shown by the more than 20 million virtual asset holders, annual trading volume of more than $800 billion and the inflow of global top 5 blockchain assets.” The Dunamu CEO added that when Vietnam’s proven growth potential meets the Upbit model, it will provide an opportunity to go further than the creation of a crypto exchange, with the development and design of “the entire national digital financial infrastructure based on trust.” Growing and developing Vietnam’s digital financial marketThis aspiration was shared by Military Bank Chairman Liu Zongtai, who stated: “In the future, Vietnam and Korea, Military Bank and Upbit will work together to grow and develop Vietnam's digital financial market as reliable cooperation partners.” As well as sharing its technology and infrastructure, Dunamu will also advise the company on matters such as regulatory compliance and investor protection. Vietnam has previously been hailed as a market that is seeing a significant level of crypto adoption. According to Statista, the market is expected to experience significant growth in the coming years. Crypto user penetration has been forecast to reach over 21% by 2026. The Vietnamese government has also been putting things in order to accommodate crypto assets. In June, the Vietnamese National Assembly passed the Digital Technology Industry Law. The legislation goes some way in providing regulatory clarity, with the categorization of virtual assets and crypto assets. Last October, the authorities set out a blockchain strategy for the Southeast Asian nation, with the aspiration of achieving regional leadership relative to the digital assets sector by 2030. Upbit is a significant player in the crypto sector. According to CoinMarketCap data, it’s the fourth-largest spot exchange platform globally, measured in terms of trading volume. For the month of July, it achieved a trading volume of $110.21 billion, trailing Bitget at $126.05 billion and Bybit at $122.3 billion, while Binance led the market with $683.41 billion.