Fujitsu Launches Blockchain Collaboration With Asian Development Bank

The Philippines' central bank has confirmed it has no plans to issue a retail version of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) but that it has definite plans to introduce a wholesale-level CBDC, albeit without using blockchain as the underlying technology. Avoiding retail-level bank run riskThe bank expressed concerns that a retail CBDC could potentially trigger bank runs, given the velocity at which digital currency can be transacted. However, in an interview with local media outlet, the Inquirer, the central bank governor Eli Remolona clarified that within the next two years, the country has definite plans to roll out a wholesale CBDC. CBDCs come in retail and wholesale forms, with the former accessible to the general public and the latter exclusively for institutional use. While the Philippines central bank initiated an exploratory study previously relative to CBDC use, concerns have been raised by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) about the readiness of institutions to handle the risks associated with CBDCs.Photo by Krisia on PexelsDismissing blockchainDespite this move, the bank does not intend to utilize blockchain or digital ledger technology, which are fundamental to many virtual assets. Remolona stated: "Other central banks have tried blockchain, but it didn’t go well." Instead, the CBDC will operate on a payment and settlement system owned by the central bank, with a focus on wholesale transactions mediated by banks. This marks a shift in the central bank's approach to underlying technology where a CBDC is concerned. The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) initially embarked on an exploratory study regarding CBDCs in 2022, known as Project CBDCPh. Upon completion of that study, it followed up with a pilot project called Project Agila, concentrating on a wholesale CBDC. Project Agila leaned on the use of the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain, considering it for use on the first wholesale CBDC.  Hyperledger Fabric is an open-source blockchain framework hosted by the Linux Foundation. Companies like IBM, SAP and Intel have all contributed to the development of the enterprise-grade permissioned blockchain network. However, it appears that the BSP is shying away from using any type of blockchain-based solution in establishing its CBDC. Regional steps towards CBDC useThe central bank of the Philippines is among several in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region that are working towards the introduction of a CBDC. Earlier this month an official from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) outlined that the central bank will move forward with CBDC development while working towards addressing privacy concerns that citizens may have with a digital rupee. Towards the end of last month, the Japanese government, in collaboration with the Bank of Japan, appeared to be gearing up for the rollout of a CBDC. In a recent meeting between both parties, several legislative matters were identified as key to ensuring a smooth path to the unobstructed launch of a digital currency. There has also been a lot of activity relative to attempts to utilize CBDCs for cross-border trade over the course of the past year. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the country announced the first-ever use of its CBDC or digital dirham in a trade deal with China using mBridge, a multi-CBDC platform that supports peer-to-peer, cross-border payments in real time.

Indonesian Food Industry Conglomerate Embraces Blockchain TechIndonesia’s ID Food, a prominent state-owned food industry holding company, is embracing blockchain technology to revolutionize its fisheries operations.Photo by R Eris Prayatama on UnsplashD3 Labs CollaborationIn a strategic collaboration with Singapore-headquartered D3 Labs, a blockchain-based fintech startup, ID Food is set to usher in a new digitized fish trading process. The move leverages the power of blockchain to enhance traceability and transparency throughout the value chain while adhering to stringent fishing standards.With the backing and support of PT Perikanan Indonesia, a subsidiary specializing in the fisheries sector, ID Food will harness D3 Labs’ innovative blockchain-based solution to create a real-time fish exchange platform known as the Indonesia Fishery eXchange (IFX).Indonesia Fishery eXchange (IFX)IFX promises an array of advantages, including transparent stock monitoring and auctions, the facilitation of digital payments for seamless transactions, robust Know Your Customer (KYC) measures, and stringent account management protocols to safeguard against fictitious buyers.Furthermore, it will integrate seamlessly with digital sales markets abroad. The recent collaboration was signed by ID Food and D3 Labs in the presence of fisheries industry stakeholders from 29 countries earlier this month.Dirgayuza Setiawan, the Director of Development and Business Control at ID Food, expressed enthusiasm for the collaboration, noting the positive implications it holds for fishermen, producers, and consumers. He stated:“We recognize the importance of sustainability in the fisheries industry, especially in Indonesia, which is one of the world’s largest fish producers. In addition to improving efficiency and transparency, the use of blockchain technology can enhance productivity, the well-being of our fishing partners, and sustainability in the fisheries sector.”He added that the collaboration with D3 Labs is a commitment to drive innovation in the fisheries industry, with the goal of improving efficiency, productivity, well-being, and sustainability in this sector.Trian Yunanda, Indonesia’s Secretary of the Directorate General of Wild-Catch Fisheries at the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, praised the partnership as a pivotal step towards building a robust fisheries ecosystem for the future. With blockchain technology at its core, this collaboration is aiming to revolutionize Indonesia’s fisheries industry, fortifying its position as a global leader in responsible and efficient fish trade.ID Food, the corporate brand of the state-owned food giant PT Rajawali Nusantara Indonesia (Persero), boasts a diversified portfolio spanning agriculture, livestock, fisheries, and trade and logistics.Indonesia’s digital rupiahThis is not D3 Labs’ first Indonesian blockchain-related collaboration. In August, the Singaporean blockchain technology firm partnered with the Indonesian Blockchain Association with the objective of supporting the first phase of development of Indonesia’s digital rupiah.The initiative, titled Project Garuda, is being overseen by Bank Indonesia, the Southeast Asian country’s central bank. While cryptocurrency is not deemed to be legal tender in Indonesia and is not permitted for use when it comes to payments for goods and services, the Indonesian authorities permit trading of digital assets. In June, the Indonesian government published a document that set out a list of cryptocurrencies which are eligible for trading within the country.

Kyrgyzstani President Embraces Hydro-Powered Crypto MiningIn a move that signals the Republic of Kyrgyzstan’s growing interest in cryptocurrency mining, President Sadyr Japarov has given the green light to establish a crypto mining farm at a hydroelectric power plant within the Central Asian country.The ambitious project, set to be built at the Kambar-Ata-2 hydropower plant, has been allocated a budget of up to $20 million, as reported by Kyrgyzstan’s national news agency, Kabar, on Thursday.Photo by Collab Media on PexelsMore efficient use of powerThe primary motivation behind this endeavor is to address energy losses linked to non-utilized power from the Kambar-Ata-2 plant, which has been operational since 2010. According to President Japarov, approximately 6.8 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) of energy have been wasted due to this issue. By harnessing the excess energy for cryptocurrency mining, the Kyrgyz government aims to optimize resource usage and bolster the country’s budget.President Japarov emphasized that the profits generated from the mining farm would directly benefit the people, particularly the power engineers who are responsible for the plant’s operations. He asserted that the earnings would be meticulously controlled and allocated, with complete automation and oversight.Energy grid challengesHowever, this recent decision appears to contradict the state of emergency announced by President Japarov in Kyrgyzstan’s energy sector on July 24. The emergency status, which will be in effect from August 1, 2023, until December 31, 2026, is attributed to climate challenges, insufficient water inflow into the Naryn River basin, and a lack of generating capacity due to escalating energy consumption.Despite these apparent contradictions, President Japarov affirmed that crypto mining at the hydro plant would be subject to the highest tariff in Kyrgyzstan, amounting to approximately 5 Kyrgyz soms ($0.057) per kW.As early as March 2022, Kyrgyz lawmaker Karim Khanjeza urged the government to legalize the cryptocurrency industry during a parliamentary committee meeting, citing the rapid expansion of the crypto space. Although Kyrgyzstan introduced some regulations for crypto exchanges in 2021, it has not yet enacted specific laws governing cryptocurrencies.The integration of hydro-powered crypto mining presents both opportunities and challenges for Kyrgyzstan. If executed strategically, the venture could harness underutilized energy to boost the national economy and provide benefits to the people.Learning from KazakhstanThat said, the Central Asian country would do well to pay heed to events that unfolded in neighboring Kazakhstan relative to crypto mining over the course of the last few years. Following a major crackdown on crypto mining activity in China, many miners upped and moved their operations to Kazakhstan. That sudden unplanned and unregulated upsurge destabilized the country’s power grid, forcing the government to crack down on mining. It has since regulated the activity in order to accommodate it without it having a detrimental effect on the energy grid.As developments unfold, Kyrgyzstan’s foray into cryptocurrency mining will undoubtedly be closely monitored by industry observers and stakeholders. President Japarov’s vision to distribute the earnings to ordinary citizens brings an element of promise to the project. Crypto mining can be a positive development for the country, leading to more efficient energy use, so long as the authorities plan accordingly.