Wemade to unveil upgraded DAO platform Wepublic in February

The Philippines' central bank has confirmed it has no plans to issue a retail version of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) but that it has definite plans to introduce a wholesale-level CBDC, albeit without using blockchain as the underlying technology. Avoiding retail-level bank run riskThe bank expressed concerns that a retail CBDC could potentially trigger bank runs, given the velocity at which digital currency can be transacted. However, in an interview with local media outlet, the Inquirer, the central bank governor Eli Remolona clarified that within the next two years, the country has definite plans to roll out a wholesale CBDC. CBDCs come in retail and wholesale forms, with the former accessible to the general public and the latter exclusively for institutional use. While the Philippines central bank initiated an exploratory study previously relative to CBDC use, concerns have been raised by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) about the readiness of institutions to handle the risks associated with CBDCs.Photo by Krisia on PexelsDismissing blockchainDespite this move, the bank does not intend to utilize blockchain or digital ledger technology, which are fundamental to many virtual assets. Remolona stated: "Other central banks have tried blockchain, but it didn’t go well." Instead, the CBDC will operate on a payment and settlement system owned by the central bank, with a focus on wholesale transactions mediated by banks. This marks a shift in the central bank's approach to underlying technology where a CBDC is concerned. The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) initially embarked on an exploratory study regarding CBDCs in 2022, known as Project CBDCPh. Upon completion of that study, it followed up with a pilot project called Project Agila, concentrating on a wholesale CBDC. Project Agila leaned on the use of the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain, considering it for use on the first wholesale CBDC.  Hyperledger Fabric is an open-source blockchain framework hosted by the Linux Foundation. Companies like IBM, SAP and Intel have all contributed to the development of the enterprise-grade permissioned blockchain network. However, it appears that the BSP is shying away from using any type of blockchain-based solution in establishing its CBDC. Regional steps towards CBDC useThe central bank of the Philippines is among several in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region that are working towards the introduction of a CBDC. Earlier this month an official from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) outlined that the central bank will move forward with CBDC development while working towards addressing privacy concerns that citizens may have with a digital rupee. Towards the end of last month, the Japanese government, in collaboration with the Bank of Japan, appeared to be gearing up for the rollout of a CBDC. In a recent meeting between both parties, several legislative matters were identified as key to ensuring a smooth path to the unobstructed launch of a digital currency. There has also been a lot of activity relative to attempts to utilize CBDCs for cross-border trade over the course of the past year. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the country announced the first-ever use of its CBDC or digital dirham in a trade deal with China using mBridge, a multi-CBDC platform that supports peer-to-peer, cross-border payments in real time.

Circle Considers Issuing Stablecoin in JapanCircle, the US-headquartered payment services company and stablecoin issuer, is considering issuing a stablecoin in Japan following the implementation of new regulations on stablecoins.Jeremy Allaire, Co-Founder and CEO of Circle, expressed his interest in exploring partnerships in Japan due to the significant potential of the market under the new rules.Photo by Su San Lee on UnsplashGrowing importance of stablecoinsIn an interview with CoinDesk Japan recently, Allaire highlighted the growing importance of stablecoins in cross-border trade, foreign currency transactions, and global commerce. He believes that Japan, with its recently established framework for the use of overseas stablecoins, has positioned itself as a pioneering country in this regard. Allaire described the stablecoin bill as the Japanese government’s and the Financial Services Agency’s most significant achievement.The revised Payment Services Act in Japan recognizes stablecoins backed by legal tender as an “electronic payment method” and allows for their issuance. However, stringent rules are in place for stablecoin issuers.These include the requirement for stablecoins to be pegged to the yen or other legal tender and the guarantee of redeemability at face value for holders. Only licensed financial institutions, such as banks, registered money transfer agents, and trust companies, will be authorized to issue stablecoins.Breaking into AsiaAllaire emphasized Circle’s interest in establishing partnerships within Japan, a country he recently visited. Circle has already obtained a Major Payment Institution (MPI) license in Singapore, enabling the company to offer various digital payment services, cross-border money transfers, and domestic money transfer services.The Japanese market has witnessed major financial institutions exploring stablecoin initiatives. Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation (MUFJ), for instance, announced its plans to launch its own stablecoin platform named Progmat last month. MUFJ also entered into a partnership with Japanese blockchain interoperability solutions provider, Datachain, recently. It’s thought that the move will facilitate both parties in undertaking further work on stablecoin-related initiatives.Circle’s consideration of issuing a stablecoin in Japan underscores the company’s recognition of the country’s regulatory advancements and the potential for stablecoin adoption. As stablecoins gain further traction globally, Japan’s new framework positions it as an important market for Circle and other players in the industry.It’s not just Japan that highlights the need for further stablecoin development. A new policy proposal was published in Hong Kong earlier this week that made a point of urging the Hong Kong authorities to issue its own Hong Kong dollar-backed stablecoin.The objective of such an initiative would be to compete on an international basis with leading US dollar stablecoins such as Circle’s USDC and USDT/Tether. By being proactive in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region, Circle could head off rising potential challenges such as that suggested by these stablecoin researchers in Hong Kong.The partnership opportunities in Japan align with Circle’s mission to facilitate efficient and secure digital transactions, and it will be intriguing to observe how the company navigates this emerging landscape in the months to come.

Singapore High Court Recognizes Cryptocurrency as Personal PropertyIn a significant ruling on July 25, Judge Philip Jeyaretnam of the High Court of Singapore declared that cryptocurrency is capable of being held in trust and should be recognized as property.The judge’s decision came in response to a case brought by Dubai-headquartered crypto exchange Bybit against its former employee, Ho Kai Xin, who was accused of transferring approximately 4.2 million Tether (USDT) from the crypto exchange to her private accounts without authorization.Photo by Tingey Injury Law Firm on UnsplashNo fundamental differenceIn his ruling, Judge Jeyaretnam emphasized that there is no fundamental difference between cryptocurrencies, fiat money, or even physical objects like shells when it comes to their status as property. He argued that as long as these objects hold value and are based on mutual faith, they can be considered property. The judge’s verdict is seen as a crucial step in establishing the legal status of digital assets within the Singaporean jurisdiction.Addressing the argument that cryptocurrencies lack physical presence and therefore cannot be considered property, Judge Jeyaretnam drew an analogy, stating: “We identify what is going on as a particular digital token, somewhat like how we give a name to a river even though the water contained within its banks is constantly changing.” By equating cryptocurrencies to named entities, the judge made it clear that physical tangibility is not a prerequisite for something to be classified as property.Cryptocurrencies have valueFurthermore, the ruling challenges the perception that cryptocurrencies have no “real” value. Judge Jeyaretnam firmly refuted this notion, highlighting that the value of any asset, whether physical or digital, is ultimately determined by collective human belief and judgment.One critical classification made by the judge is grouping cryptocurrencies under the category of “things in action” within British common law. This categorization means that cryptocurrencies are considered a form of property, over which personal rights can be claimed and enforced through legal actions, rather than requiring physical possession.The judge’s decision also referenced the Monetary Authority of Singapore’s (MAS) consultation paper, which proposes implementing segregation and custody requirements for digital payment tokens. By taking cues from the MAS’s stance on digital assets, the court emphasized the legality of holding cryptocurrencies on trust, as long as practical methods for identification and segregation are in place.Cues taken from existing lawSingapore’s legal framework for property also played a crucial role in the ruling. Judge Jeyaretnam pointed to Order 22 of Singapore’s Rules of Court 2021, which defines “movable property” to include various assets, such as cash, debts, bonds, shares, and cryptocurrency or other digital currency. This inclusion reinforces the recognition of cryptocurrencies as a valid form of property within Singaporean law.In April of this year, a Hong Kong court reached a similar conclusion, recognizing cryptocurrency as property. In the High Court of Justice in London the following month, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) were recognized as “private property.”Overall, Judge Jeyaretnam’s ruling represents a significant milestone in the legal recognition of cryptocurrencies in Singapore. By acknowledging cryptocurrencies as property, the court provides greater clarity and certainty for crypto users and investors while affirming the importance of embracing digital assets within the nation’s legal framework.