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Binance co-founder and former CEO, Changpeng Zhao (CZ), has partnered with the authorities in the Central Asian republic of Kyrgyzstan to provide advice on crypto regulation and the development and adoption of blockchain technology. It’s understood that CZ has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to this effect with the National Investments Authority (NIA), a state authority that falls under the direction of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic. The NIA promotes foreign direct investment, assisting foreign companies in developing business opportunities within Kyrgyzstan. Photo by Abai K on UnsplashCrypto & blockchain ecosystem developmentIn a statement published on X on April 3 by the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, Sadyr Zhaparov, the president outlined that in accordance with the MOU, the parties will cooperate on the development of the crypto and blockchain ecosystem. Breaking that down further, the president said that this cooperation will involve the provision of technical, infrastructural and technological support and expertise. Additionally, it will involve collaboration towards the implementation of related educational initiatives. Zhaparov added: “This cooperation marks an important step towards strengthening technological infrastructure, implementing innovative solutions, and preparing highly qualified specialists in blockchain technologies, virtual asset management, and cybersecurity. In light of the rapid global evolution of digital technologies, such initiatives are crucial for the sustainable growth of the economy and the security of virtual assets, ultimately generating new opportunities for businesses and society as a whole.” ‘Crypto adoption one country at a time’CZ reacted to this X post by the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, stating: “Kyrgyzstan. Crypto adoption, one country at a time.” He also remarked that this event had brought Zhaparov to X, given that this was his first post on the platform, with an account registered last month. Steve Milton, co-founder and CEO of Web3 wallet project Fintopio and a former Binance marketing executive, commented on the development. Milton stated that Kyrgyzstan is a forward-thinking country, while interpreting CZ's involvement as a step that will help move adoption forward. Additional advisory activityIn another X post, CZ provided details on his advisory activity. He stated: “I officially and unofficially advise a few governments on their crypto regulatory frameworks and blockchain solutions for gov efficiency, expanding blockchain to more than trading. I find this work extremely meaningful.” Reports emerged in January that Malaysian Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim had discussed digital finance policy matters with CZ. The Binance co-founder said that those discussions revolved around digital asset regulation and risks related to such assets. Furthermore, cross-border collaborations and collaborations between industries were discussed. In December CZ met with the King of Bhutan. Prior to that visit, he posted a link to an article on X that outlined that the Kingdom of Bhutan has accumulated in excess of $1 billion in Bitcoin. At that time, the Binance co-founder said that many nation states will use Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies as reserve assets. In the past, commentators have identified Kyrgyzstan as having considerable potential for crypto mining, given ample hydroelectric generation within the mountainous country. However, crypto mining tax receipts as of the end of last year suggest that crypto mining still remains a niche activity in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Hong Kong has launched a pilot program for the digital yuan, marking the People’s Bank of China's (PBoC) central bank digital currency’s (CBDC) first major deployment outside mainland China.  This initiative, facilitated by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), represents another step forward in the integration of the digital yuan into Hong Kong's financial ecosystem.Photo by bady abbas on UnsplashCross-border transactions rather than P2PAccording to a press release, the HKMA and PBoC are working together to enable Hong Kong users to set up personal e-CNY wallets using just their Hong Kong mobile phone numbers. The faster payment system (FPS) will support these e-CNY wallets, allowing users to top up their wallets through 17 retail banks in the Chinese autonomous territory. However, the e-CNY wallets are primarily designed for cross-border payments between Hong Kong and the mainland, and currently do not support person-to-person transfers within Hong Kong. This pilot aims to facilitate transactions for Hong Kong residents using their digital yuan wallets, marking the first integration of a CBDC through a major central bank. The Digital Currency Institute (DCI) is managing the interoperability infrastructure between the FPS and the digital yuan, with a focus on enhancing cross-border payments, a key objective on the G20 countries' roadmap. More functionality promisedLike blockchain protocols, the digital yuan pilot offers 24/7 payment capabilities. Eddie Yue, the chief executive of the HKMA, stated that the e-CNY application and wallet would gradually gain more functionality as the HKMA and PBoC work to encourage more retail merchants to adopt the system. Yue stated: “By expanding the e-CNY pilot in Hong Kong and leveraging the 24x7 operating hours and real-time transfer advantages of the FPS, users may now top up their e-CNY wallets anytime, anywhere without having to open a Mainland bank account, thereby facilitating merchant payments in the Mainland by Hong Kong residents.” The HKMA and DCI are planning upgrades to the e-CNY wallets through real-name verification, aiming to enable corporate use cases for cross-border trade settlements in the future. Adoption strugglesWith at least 140 countries exploring CBDC pilots, China's digital yuan is among the most advanced. China has been actively promoting its CBDC, even paying monthly salaries in e-CNY to government workers and employees of state-owned enterprises. However, as reported by the South China Morning Post, many recipients are hesitant to use the digital yuan due to privacy concerns and other limitations. China's central bank aims to increase the use of the yuan in Hong Kong, especially in tourist areas. Last June, digital yuan ATMs were installed in the resort city of Sanya in an attempt to target use of the currency by tourists. Although the city of Jinan embarked upon an initiative last year to enable digital yuan payments on its bus system, the currency is not yet widely accepted for public transportation across China.  Meanwhile, Hong Kong is in the second phase of its own CBDC pilot, the e-HKD, and has launched a regulatory sandbox for stablecoins to foster communication between regulators and issuers of fiat-pegged stablecoins in the region. 

Korea to Tighten Scrutiny of Crypto Exchange Shareholders Amid Rising ConcernsSouth Korea’s financial regulator is stepping up efforts to evaluate the qualifications of majority shareholders of cryptocurrency exchanges, according to a report by local news outlet Newsis. This initiative follows instances where majority shareholders of local exchanges, including Bithumb, found themselves embroiled in criminal proceedings. Drawing parallels with the banking sector, the regulator is scrutinizing the credentials of majority shareholders to ensure compliance and integrity within the cryptocurrency exchange landscape.Photo by Terrence Low on UnsplashRevamping reporting requirementsThe Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) under the Financial Services Commission recently set up a task force to revamp the reporting requirements for crypto exchanges.The upcoming requirements are anticipated to be integrated into the reporting forms that cryptocurrency exchanges must complete, starting in October of next year. Essentially, these stipulations will determine whether existing exchanges, such as Upbit, Bithumb, and Coinone, can sustain their operations in the future.Periodic evaluationAccording to the Enforcement Decree of the Financial Transaction Reports Act, all virtual asset service providers (VASPs), including exchanges, are mandated to submit a renewal report every three years. Upbit, having been the first to submit its initial report in October 2021, will join other crypto exchanges in updating their reports in October 2024.A majority shareholder qualification assessment is a process in which the government periodically checks whether majority shareholders have the necessary qualifications to operate a financial company. Through this process, the FIU aims to curb potential illicit activities by majority shareholders, who hold significant sway over cryptocurrency exchange operations, thereby mitigating any potential harm to the users.Regulatory grey areaThis measure emerged from concerns that majority shareholders of exchanges have existed in a regulatory grey area. In fact, under the Financial Transaction Reports Act, only exchange representatives and registered officers are required to report and undergo examination when declaring VASPs. This leaves the actual owners and controllers — the majority shareholders — unidentified and unexamined.The current circumstances involving VASPs are markedly different and more concerning compared to other financial sectors. In the banking sector, restrictions are placed on share ownership and voting rights if majority shareholders have breached financial laws or if they are capital entities forbidden from owning a bank. Similarly, online peer-to-peer lenders and large lenders are also under obligation to have their majority shareholders scrutinized, as they fall under analogous regulations.Fraud and manipulation allegationsThe heightened scrutiny is also thought to have been sparked by recent allegations of fraud and market manipulation involving some majority shareholders of Korean exchanges. For instance, Mr. Kang Jong-hyun, a majority shareholder of Bithumb, is currently facing a criminal trial for allegations of fraudulent and unfair trade activities under the Capital Markets Act. Additionally, Song Chi-hyung, the majority shareholder of Upbit and chairman of Dunamu, is facing a Supreme Court trial over alleged price manipulation through wash trading.Moves to amend legislationMeanwhile, efforts are underway in the National Assembly to amend the existing legislation. Yun Chang-hyun, a lawmaker from the ruling People Power Party and a member of the National Policy Committee, has recently proposed a bill to revise the Financial Transaction Reports Act. The amendment seeks to implement a majority shareholder screening system for VASPs.The proposed amendments would obligate VASPs, including crypto exchanges, to disclose information about their majority shareholders in their reports, thereby enabling the FIU to scrutinize any past financial crimes or economic offenses committed by these majority shareholders.