Uzbekistan Revamps Crypto Mining with New Regulatory Framework

China Unveils Offline SIM Card Wallet for Digital Yuan PaymentsThe People’s Bank of China (PBoC) has announced a new offline SIM card-based solution for its digital yuan, enabling users to make payments even with their phones switched off.Photo by Sumeet Singh on UnsplashEmbedded hardwareThe innovative initiative was revealed via a social media post on Monday. It aims to reach users with 2G phones who were previously unable to access digital currency.Currently, this feature is only available for Android phone users with NFC functionality, as no details have been given for iOS users or 2G phone owners. This innovation is part of the central bank’s efforts to expand the reach and usage of its digital currency, especially for users with 2G phones who were previously unable to access it.Earlier this year, the PBoC launched a similar solution for smartphone users, using near-field communication (NFC) technology. However, the latest solution relies on hardware embedded in SIM cards, which can act as a “hard” (offline) central bank digital currency (CBDC) wallet.Partnership with telecoms giantsThe central bank’s partners relative to this particular project include major telecom operators China Mobile, China Telecom, and China Unicom, as well as state-owned commercial banks Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and Bank of China, who have also introduced SIM card-based “hard wallet products.” These developments are expected to significantly improve the payment capabilities and network-free functionality of the digital yuan.To use this feature, citizens have to get a “super SIM card” from their carriers. After they have replaced their existing SIM cards and opened the digital yuan app on their phones, they will see an option to “open a SIM card hard wallet.” This will enable them to make touch-based payments to merchants even when their devices are powered off or lack network connectivity.SIM-based wallets are likely to be particularly useful for those using 2G devices or smartphones without NFC capabilities. Considering that about 20% of Chinese mobile users still use 2G phones, it would make sense for the PBoC to continue working in this direction with future updates.Driving adoptionThe ultimate plan of the PBoC regarding SIM-based wallets is not clear yet. However, recent developments, such as the pilot project in Qingdao where CBDC payments were tested on the metro system without electricity or network, indicate a strong push toward increasing the accessibility and adoption of the digital yuan.Frankly, moves to bring about adoption of the e-CNY have been nothing short of relentless. These measures have varied from paying state employees in e-CNY in Changshu, collaborating with French bank BNP Paribas so that its corporate clients start to use the digital yuan and enabling e-CNY bus fare payments on public transport in Jinan.China’s Jiangsu Province has integrated the digital yuan into its education system, while the resort city of Sanya recently introduced e-CNY ATM machines so that foreign tourists have a means through which they can access the digital currency. These developments demonstrate a clear commitment by the Chinese authorities in advancing the rollout of its central bank digital currency.

It emerged on Wednesday that the Indian version of the Apple App Store has blocked access to eight crypto exchanges that were recently subject to a show cause notice from an Indian government agency, the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU). The development occurred only two weeks after these global firms were flagged for allegedly operating "illegally" in the country. The FIU had cited non-compliance with India's anti-money laundering rules. In its statement on Dec. 28, the FIU urged India's IT Ministry to block the websites of all nine services in the country. The affected exchanges include Huobi, Gate.io, Bittrex, Binance, Kraken, Kucoin, MEXC Global and Bitfinex. Binance acknowledged the issue in a social media post, stating that it will continue to work with local regulators. Interestingly, Bitstamp, another exchange mentioned by the FIU, remained operational on the App Store in India. While these apps have been removed from the Apple App Store, they are still available on the Google Play Store in India and their websites remain accessible within the country. Users who had previously installed these apps on their devices can still access them. Photo by Naveed Ahmed on UnsplashTax avoidanceThe backdrop for this action involves a trend where many Indian traders had shifted to global cryptocurrency platforms rather than native digital asset exchanges. India initiated cryptocurrency taxation last year, imposing a 30% tax on gains and a 1% deduction on each crypto transaction.  While Indian-based exchanges like CoinSwitch, CoinDCX and WazirX maintain compliant know-your-customer verifications, global platforms have not followed suit. Notably, WazirX has experienced a drastic 97% drop in trading volume over two years as many traders migrated to global apps. It’s thought that as many as five million crypto users have shifted their trading activity to offshore exchanges. The tax has proven to be controversial and according to Dr. Vikash Gautam, the author of a report on the tax measure published last November, “it just isn’t enforceable . . . It is possible to be done with international cooperation, but we do understand it is a long process. Some of the other countries have some arrangements with international exchanges to track that." Leveling the playing fieldIt’s amid that competitive backdrop that native Indian exchanges lobbied the Indian government through the Bharat Web3 Association (BWA) to take action against unregulated offshore exchanges recently. CoinSwitch's co-founder and CEO, Ashish Singhal, urged offshore exchanges to comply with local regulations, suggesting registration with the FIU and adherence to India's Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Counter-Terrorist Financing (CFT) measures. Singhal, whose CoinSwitch platform is a founding member of the BWA industry advocacy group, highlighted that this would not only benefit offshore exchanges but also enhance consumer protection in India through increased regulatory oversight. Earlier warnings from Indian cryptocurrency exchanges foresaw users shifting to decentralized exchanges or non-compliant services due to the New Delhi government's taxation policy on crypto. In response, CoinDCX announced incentives for customers transferring their crypto assets from global exchanges to its India-based platform. Taking to social media on Wednesday, CoinDCX founder Sumit Gumpta stated:”This is a defining moment for [virtual digital assets] in India, and we're dedicated to facilitating a seamless and secure transition for investors navigating these changes.”   

Metalpha Technology Holding Limited, based in Hong Kong, has strategically invested in NextGen Digital Venture Limited, aiming to enhance institutional participation in the digital asset space. This move is part of Metalpha's broader effort to bridge the gap between traditional finance (TradFi) and the crypto sphere.Photo by cottonbro studio on PexelsBuilding on Next Generation FundNews of the collaboration broke via a PR Newswire press release published by Metalpha on Monday. The deal builds upon a previous partnership struck by the two companies in April of last year, which resulted in the creation of Next Generation Fund I. This fund is specifically tailored to leverage Grayscale Investments LLC's suite of products, with Grayscale being one of the world’s largest crypto asset managers. Notably, the fund has demonstrated solid performance, surpassing bitcoin's annualized return by 35%. This success has instilled confidence in Metalpha, fostering optimism for the fund's future achievements. NextGen Digital is a Hong Kong-based investment company that aims to provide cryptocurrency and Web3 exposure to institutional clients in the conventional finance realm. Alongside its previous partnership with Metalpha, the firm has invested directly in Web3 startups such as iZumi Finance, a liquidity-as-a-service DeFi protocol. In announcing the Metalpha investment, NextGen founding partner Jason Huang said that the company “is committed to providing secure, compliant cryptocurrency investment opportunities and is always focused on achieving alpha returns.” The company is leveraging its Hong Kong Type 9 license, while aspiring to deliver secure and compliant cryptocurrency investment opportunities. Adrian Wang, president and director of Metalpha Technology Holding, expressed enthusiasm about the partnership, stating: "The launch of the NextGen fund marks the first step for both parties to jointly develop compliant products with generous returns. We look forward to establishing a more solid partnership in the future.” Wang had previously stated that clients of the Next Generation Fund were overseas Chinese institutions. “Some of them are family offices, some of them are public companies,” he stated. On-boarding TradFi investmentPositioned as a notable platform in Asia, NextGen aims to facilitate traditional finance's seamless entry into the realm of cryptocurrencies. This strategic investment by Metalpha underscores the evolving landscape where traditional financial institutions increasingly embrace the potential of digital assets. Metalpha, recognized as one of Asia's leading providers of crypto derivatives solutions, collaborates closely with traditional financial entities, including family offices and crypto mining firms. Holding both Type 4 and Type 9 licenses from the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) of Hong Kong, Metalpha is authorized to advise on securities and engage in real estate investment scheme management or securities and futures contracts management. In May of last year, Metalpha secured a $5 million investment from leading crypto mining equipment manufacturer, Bitmain. Metalpha counts hybrid crypto exchange GRVT among its portfolio of investments. In September it emerged that it had invested in ParaX, a Web3 super app developed by Parallel Finance. In February 2023, the Litecoin Foundation partnered with Metalpha in an effort to provide environmentally friendly mining techniques to the Litecoin ecosystem.