CMCC Global Launches $100 Million Fund for Asian Blockchain Startups

Bank of Korea Conducts Successful CBDC Pilot Test with Financial InstitutionsThe Bank of Korea (BOK) announced yesterday in a press release that its central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilot program operated successfully in a practical setting involving multiple financial institutions.Testing environmentsPreviously, the CBDC system was tested in an isolated cloud environment. In this recent test, the system was installed on the servers of various financial institutions over a five-month period to evaluate its performance.The 1.2 billion KRW ($905,000) project included the participation of six companies, such as Kakao’s Krust Universe, KakaoBank, and KakaoPay, as well as 14 banks and the Korea Financial Telecommunications and Clearings Institute. Kookmin, Shinhan, and Woori were among the participating banks.Four scenariosThe BOK and financial institutions tested the system’s performance under four scenarios: increasing transaction requests per second, increasing the number of active users, reducing the transaction queue size, and adjusting the block generation time ratio.The increase in transaction requests led to a 10% decrease in transactions per second (TPS), from 2,100 TPS to 1,900 TPS, compared to the single cloud environment test. This result is still deemed acceptable, as the highest TPS recorded in the current small payment infrastructure network is 1,200, which occurs on paydays and other high-transaction days.Issues such as slower response times arose with higher transaction request volumes but were resolved by enlarging the transaction queue size and increasing the block formation time proportion in the block generation process. The block generation process involves two stages: block formation, where transactions are recorded, and block validation, where transactions are verified.Greater stabilityThe test demonstrated that transaction errors at individual institutions did not affect others, suggesting that a distributed ledger system offers greater management stability than a centralized system. However, institutional officers cited challenges in problem-solving and communication when using the distributed ledger system.The BOK plans to involve more institutions in ongoing experiments this year, supporting them in testing their smart contracts on the CBDC pilot system.Photo by Bundo Kim on Unsplash

Upbit, South Korea’s largest cryptocurrency exchange operated by Dunamu, announced on Jan. 2 that its user base surpassed 13 million by the end of last year. With South Korea’s population at 51.6 million, the data implies that roughly one in four Koreans now holds an account on the platform. Demographic breakdowns show that users in their 30s comprise the largest cohort at 28.7%, followed by those in their 40s at 24.1% and 20s at 23.2%. Users in their 50s accounted for 16.9%, while those in their 60s and 70s made up 6.0% and 1.1%, respectively. Adoption is particularly high among younger generations, with the combined total of users in their 20s and 30s reaching 5.48 million. Based on Ministry of the Interior and Safety data showing 12.37 million people aged 20 to 39 as of November, approximately 44% of Koreans in this age demographic use the platform. Upbit added 1.1 million new users last year, with men comprising 56.9% of new accounts and women 43.1%.Photo by Kanchanara on UnsplashXRP overtakes BTC and ETH in tradingIn terms of trading volume, Ripple’s XRP was the most traded cryptocurrency in 2025, outpacing both Bitcoin and Ethereum. Daily activity peaked in the morning, coinciding with the start of the typical business day. The highest volumes were recorded at 00:00 UTC, or 9 a.m. Korea Standard Time. Beyond standard trading, users are increasingly turning to Upbit’s asset management tools. Since its 2022 launch, the platform’s staking feature has attracted over 300,000 users, generating 257.3 billion won ($178.6 million) in total rewards. Furthermore, a dollar-cost averaging feature introduced in August 2024 has drawn about 220,000 users, with cumulative investments totaling 478.1 billion won ($331.9 million). Kbank eyes public listingIn the broader ecosystem, Upbit’s banking partner is preparing for an initial public offering (IPO) this year. Kbank, an internet-only lender that has partnered with Upbit since 2020, is closely linked to the exchange through shared customers. According to Hansbiz, crypto-related funds accounted for roughly 16% of Kbank’s total deposits as of the first half of 2025. Under South Korean law, fiat-to-crypto service providers must secure real-name accounts from a local bank, meaning Upbit users are required to deposit Korean won at Kbank before trading on the exchange. However, Kbank’s financial performance has softened following the 2024 implementation of the Virtual Asset User Protection Act, which compelled the bank to raise annual interest rates on deposits from Upbit users from 0.1% to 2.1%. On a consolidated basis, net interest income totaled 323.2 billion won ($224 million) in the third quarter of 2025, down 13% year over year. Net fee income remained in the red, posting a loss of 2.8 billion won ($1.94 million), widening from a 1.3 billion won loss in the same period a year earlier. This latest IPO push follows two failed attempts and carries contractual implications. When Kbank raised 725 billion won ($503 million) in 2021 from investors including Bain Capital and MBK Partners, it pledged to list its shares by July 2026. If the upcoming attempt fails, those backers could exercise drag-along rights and put options, potentially resulting in increased financial obligations for Kbank. Meanwhile, Upbit has seen other notable shifts in its business and governance. In November, Dunamu and Naver Financial, a subsidiary of internet giant Naver, approved a merger plan structured as a comprehensive share swap at a ratio of 1 to 2.54. At the time of the announcement, market observers estimated Dunamu’s valuation at 15 trillion won ($10.4 billion), compared with 5 trillion won ($3.5 billion) for Naver Financial. 

The Need for Crypto Regulation Improvements in South KoreaAlthough the cryptocurrency market entered a bearish phase last year, there are prospects for growth as regulatory inclusion and market transparency begin to improve. However, the domestic market is currently hindered by deepening monopolies and inadequate support policies, limiting the development of the industry, said Kim Jin-won, Executive Director of Korean crypto exchange COREDAX, during a conference last Friday in Seoul.The conference, hosted by the Federation of Korean Industries, invited experts to discuss the oncoming era of convergence and the current status and challenges of virtual asset legislation in South Korea, as well as the necessary steps for improving regulations on virtual assets.Photo by Kanchanara on UnsplashGlobal decentralization trendsOverseas, various decentralized projects, such as the integration of blockchain technology into traditional financial markets, have led to the growth of related markets such as Bitcoin futures, decentralized finance (DeFi), over-the-counter (OTC) trading, custodial services, the metaverse, and Web3. However, in Korea, the lack of clear guidance or policy management for crypto businesses and services prevents the market from thriving.Countries like the US and Japan as well as the European Union (EU) are overhauling regulations in order to dominate the global industry and market through blockchain technology and virtual assets. Kim emphasized that Korea also needs to incorporate such flexible regulatory improvements considering the likely possibility that various industries are going to thrive on crypto-related businesses.Challenging existing regulations and calls for clarityHe started off by stating that the implicit regulation known as the “One Exchange, One Bank” principle was created for administrative convenience and is acting as a barrier to entry into the crypto industry. He argued that it is a discriminatory regulation, especially considering the fact that securities firms choose to operate stock trading accounts through multiple banks.Regarding the standards for issuing bank accounts under real names, which will be determined by the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), he argued that they are difficult to comply with, even for banks that already have contracts with crypto exchanges. He called for the FIU to express a clear stance on the retroactive application of these standards to avoid potential consequences such as barriers to market entry for late-movers.“The crypto market — including DeFi, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), artificial intelligence (AI), the metaverse, and Web3 — is growing at an annual average rate of 12.8%, and is expected to reach a scale of $4.9 billion by 2030,” he said. “When combined with Web3 innovation, the metaverse will evolve into a 3D platform business that incorporates the use of payment methods, NFTs, and virtual assets.”Promoting innovation in the crypto industryTo foster such industry growth, it is necessary to actively explore new types of services as well as potential challenges. Innovative financial services should also be designated or promoted through regulatory sandboxes. The regulatory sandbox is a system run by the Korean government that exempts or suspends existing regulations for a designated amount of time for companies releasing new products and services and regulates them post-mortem if there is a problem.Kim went on to propose specific measures such as negative regulations — regulations that outline what is prohibited by law while allowing everything else — to promote new industries. He also suggested that banks should be allowed to engage in custodial services for virtual assets.Furthermore, he highlighted the need for cooperation between payment companies and crypto firms. “Payment service providers like Visa and Mastercard are already collaborating with global crypto exchanges to incorporate virtual assets into their businesses,” he said. “With companies like Tesla, eBay, and more adopting or considering adopting cryptocurrency as a payment method, we must consider allowing collaborations between domestic credit card companies, payment gateway companies, and crypto firms.”He also urged for the early approval of initial exchange offerings (IEOs) to stimulate the crypto market and advocated for support policies for virtual asset service providers (VASPs). He cited examples such as brokering transactions for security tokens, allowing OTC trading, requesting security token issuance assessments through system integration with account management agencies, and permitting outsourcing for issuance operations.