UBS extends crypto ETF access to clients in Hong Kong

Suspected Malicious Activity Drains AnySwap Tokens via Multichain ExecutorAccording to an on-chain sleuth known as Spreek, a person is using the Multichain Executor to drain tokens associated with the AnySwap bridging protocol.Multichain is a cross-chain routing network, established and maintained by a Chinese developer team. It supports in excess of 25 blockchains and more than 1,100 tokens.Photo by Marek Piwnicki on Unsplash$100 million outflowThis revelation comes after abnormal outflows of over $100 million from Multichain bridges on July 7, which were flagged by the Multichain team. Spreek’s report via Twitter on July 10 states that the Multichain Executor address has been draining anyToken addresses across multiple chains and transferring them to a new externally owned account (EOA).Evidence provided in the report includes an Ethereum transaction, 0x53ede4462d90978b992b0a88727de19afe4e96f0374aa1a221b8ff65fda5a6fe, which called the “anySwapFeeTo” method on the Multichain Router: V4 contract. This transaction resulted in approximately $15,275.90 worth of anyDAI being minted on Ethereum, sent to the Multichain Executor, burned, and exchanged for the underlying DAI backing the asset.The funds from these transactions were sent to the following address:0x1eed63efba5f81d95bfe37d82c8e736b974f477b. Similarly, on the BNB Smart Chain (BSC), the Multichain Executor used the anySwapFeeTo function to convert $208,997 worth of anyUSDC into Binance-pegged USDC and sent them to the same address. Additionally, 50.80 anyBTC, equivalent to $39,251.43 at the time, was converted into Binance-pegged Bitcoin and sent to the address.In total, approximately $263,524.33 worth of tokens were sent to this address through the anySwapFeeTo method. Spreek suggests that this behavior could be part of the protocol’s normal functioning. However, a different account engaged in similar activity the day before and ultimately sold the drained tokens, indicating malicious intent.Potential exploitSpreek theorizes that the attacker may be exploiting the anySwapFeeTo function by setting fees to an arbitrarily large amount, allowing them to drain users’ funds. The function apparently permits setting any value, enabling the address to choose the total value of the token held in that anyToken.The Multichain incident has puzzled blockchain analysts, as it remains unclear whether it resulted from an exploit or if it was simply large token-holders moving their funds between networks. The mystery began on July 7 when over $100 million worth of tokens were withdrawn from the Ethereum side of Multichain’s bridges and transferred to wallet addresses with no prior transactions. This represented the majority of funds held on each bridge.Hack or rug pullThe Multichain team labeled these withdrawals as “abnormal” and advised users to stop using the protocol. However, they have not disclosed the source or nature of the anomaly. In response to the incident, stablecoin issuers Circle and Tether froze some of the addresses involved in the suspicious transactions. Chainanalysis, a blockchain analytics firm, has commented that the incident appears more like a hack or rug pull rather than a migration.Adding to the complexity, the Multichain team has reported that their CEO is missing, and they have shut down certain bridges due to losing access to some of the network’s multi-party computation network servers. There have been various concerns relative to Multichain since May. The situation continues to evolve, with ongoing investigations and efforts to mitigate any potential damage caused by the suspected malicious activity.

Hong Kong Deems Crypto as PropertyIn dealing with a case involving defunct Hong Kong-based cryptocurrency exchange Gatecoin, a Hong Kong judge has determined cryptocurrency as being property “capable of being held in trust.” Presiding over the case, Justice Linda Chan stated recently that Hong Kong takes a broad definition of what constitutes property.©Pexels/mitbg000Digital assets held in trustHaving expended efforts to try and recover funds from a former payments service provider that the company had partnered with, Gatecoin announced that it would shut down the business and commence the liquidation of the business in 2019. With bankruptcy proceedings being notoriously slow, that process continues today, resulting in Justice Chan’s recent determination.The notion of property held in trust is a common theme that has been explored in a number of cryptocurrency business bankruptcy processes recently, including the BlockFi, Celsius and FTX processes.Gatecoin has not proven to be any different in this regard. Liquidators had turned to the Hong Kong courts for direction as to how creditors’ digital assets, as held on the platform, should be defined. If property is deemed to have been held “in trust”, then that determination has implications for the owner of those assets relative to the bankruptcy proceedings.In the case of BlockFi, a determination was made in a US court that those who had simply custodied digital assets with the platform without earning any yield were property owners and that they should have their assets returned.The importance of Terms of Service (ToS)Alex Mashinsky, the founder and CEO of failed crypto lending competitor Celsius outlined to service users on a number of occasions that the assets remained their property even though his company used customer assets for various trading activities. The bankruptcy judge reached a different determination based on the terms of service. Service users had acknowledged in signing off on Celsius’ terms of service that assets held on the platform that accessed yield-bearing products became the property of Celsius when deposited within those products on the Celsius platform.Although it has not been dealt with yet, 1.4 million creditors relative to the bankruptcy process of failed cryptocurrency exchange FTX are likely to discover later this year if they can claim “in trust” property rights. An ad hoc group of creditors has taken legal action for the return of their digital assets on the basis of an assertion that the assets remained their property when transferred onto the platform.ImplicationsWhilst a seemingly uninteresting determination to anyone less informed about such bankruptcy proceedings, such decisions can have profound consequences. In a bankruptcy process, there is a hierarchy of creditors, with some having greater rights than others when it comes to the distribution of bankruptcy estate funds. Recognition of assets being held in trust as property would likely take those property owners out of the bankruptcy process, allowing the return of their funds (where available) while others who are classified as creditors get a distribution of whatever funds are left in the bankruptcy estate thereafter.Additional complexityGatecoin’s case was further complicated by the existence of various sets of terms of service. In two of the three instances, the court found that no trust language existed. There is one subset of creditors who may have the ability to claim their digital assets as property. The liquidators have agreed to identify them and contact them in that regard.While the process may be proving to be a minefield for Gatecoin’s creditors, it has served a broader purpose in crypto more generally as it has provided yet another opportunity for another jurisdiction, in this instance Hong Kong, to provide some more clarity with regard to the legal status and standing of cryptocurrency.

Global crypto exchange platform Binance has launched “Sharia Earn,” a crypto staking product that has been certified as being Sharia-compliant. Sharia-compliant financial products adhere to Islamic law, with sharia law being Islamic canonical law based upon the teachings of the Koran. The product incorporates multi-token staking featuring BNB, Ether (ETH) and Solana (SOL). The product has been built on top of existing infrastructure which Binance had already used to offer “Simple Earn Locked Products” relative to BNB and liquid staking in the case of ETH and SOL. Users of the product can earn staking rewards on crypto assets, while secure in the knowledge that they are investing in compliance with Islamic finance principles.Photo by Kanchanara on Unsplash‘Most meaningful product yet’The new product was announced by the company during a Binance Square Webinar. Binance CEO Richard Teng described it as the firm’s “most meaningful product yet.” He referred to the launch of the product as a defining moment both for Binance and the broader crypto sector. Teng said that “a truly inclusive financial system must respect the values and needs of every community, and that’s the vision behind Sharia Earn.” He added that “Islamic finance’s core tenets—transparency and shared prosperity—are universal,” asserting that these same values are at play in driving Binance. The platform contracted Amanie Advisors, a Dubai-based global Islamic finance advisory service, in order to obtain Sharia-compliant certification for its latest product. Bader Al Kalooti, Binance’s Head of Operations, Marketing & Growth for the Middle East & North Africa (MENA) region, said that “crypto adoption has surged in many Muslim-majority countries, but yield-generating products have remained largely inaccessible due to compliance concerns.” He claimed that the arrival of “Sharia Earn” addresses this issue. While this is Binance’s first Sharia-compliant product, it’s not the first major exchange to enter this market. Last year, Bybit, a Dubai-headquartered global crypto exchange, engaged with ZICO Shariah Advisory Services in order to obtain certification for the trading of Sharia-compliant digital assets. At the time, Bybit claimed to have launched the world’s first crypto Islamic account. Growing Islamic finance sectorIslamic law prohibits interest-based transactions. Crypto staking can be structured in such a way as to avoid interest. Staking is considered to be acceptable as rewards are not fixed. Staking rewards are seen as profit-sharing, with the staker retaining ownership of the asset and being open to the risk of potential losses. Some forecasts suggest that the overarching Islamic finance sector could reach $4 trillion in the years ahead. That represents a market opportunity for crypto platforms to cater to this market by taking the time to acquire Sharia-compliant certification for their crypto products. Binance and Bitget are not the only entities to spot this market opportunity. A new crypto trading platform called BurjX, founded by Canadian entrepreneurs Adam Ferris and Omar Abbas, has been established in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with a vision of developing Sharia-compliant and regulatory-compliant crypto products.  While no definitive timeline has been established, Abbas told the UAE English language daily newspaper, the Khaleej Times, that his company “will partner with the appropriate Sharia boards, and when we do launch, it’s going to be approved by the appropriate regulators.”